Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet jx-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-de-273-de273-pkt-jx-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Sanders (DE-273) (Vol. 6, p.309, 1976) - namesake biography, spec block, build and transfer dates; verbatim transcription (live NHHC page 404; hazegray.org offline - losthistory.net mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. 6 p.309, entries 'Sanders' (namesake bio) and 'DE-273' (hull record) - hazegray transcription de273.txt
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull under her building name: SANDERS (DE-273) 'named on 23 February 1943, was laid down on 23 April 1943 by the Boston Navy Yard, Boston, Mass.; launched on 4 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Eugene Thomas Sanders; and leased to Britain on 30 September 1943. Renamed GRINDALL (K.477) by Britain, she was returned to the United States on 20 August 1945 and was scrapped on 28 May 1946.' Spec block: 1,140 t.; 289'5"; 35'2"; 11' draft; 21.5 k.; cpl. 198; armament 3 x 3", 4 x 40mm, 4 x 20mm, 8 dcp.; class EVARTS. Namesake biography: Eugene Thomas Sanders, born Hubbard, Oregon 15 March 1899; Army 1917-19; Navy from 1919 (Brant AM-24, Finch AM-9, Olongapo, Canopus AS-9); Chief Boatswain aboard Arizona BB-39 from 7 May 1940; appointed Ensign 3 November 1941; killed aboard Arizona 7 December 1941.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1943; RN crew of HMS Grindall 1943-45; USN crew Aug-Oct 1945
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, specifications, and disposition - not materials or asbestos content. 'Leased to Britain on 30 September 1943' conflicts with the official BuShips lend-lease annex transfer date of 23 September 1943 (ev-03; carried in gaps). Live NHHC page returns 404 (standing defect); verbatim transcription mirror cited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-01
-
[3]DANFS, Grindall (DE-273) - 'a British name retained' - NHHC DANFS page (Wayback capture 2014-10-13 of history.navy.mil/danfs/g8/grindall.htm; current NHHC URL structure 404s) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Grindall' (NHHC danfs/g8/grindall.htm via Wayback capture 20141013091446)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record under the retained British name: 'Grindall was launched as Sanders (DE-273) 4 June 1943 at the Boston Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. Sarah Sanders, widow of the ship's namesake... Assigned to the United Kingdom under terms of lend-lease 10 June 1943 her name was changed to HMS Grindall. Following service with the United Kingdom, Grindall was commissioned as DE-273 by the United States at Chatham, England, 20 August 1945, Lt. Burrill D. Barker, Jr., USNR, in command. As flagship of reconstituted Task Group 21.3 consisting of 10 lend-lease destroyer escorts, Grindall sailed from Chatham 28 August, arriving at Philadelphia 8 September 1945. She decommissioned there 19 October 1945; her name was struck from the Navy List 1 November 1945; and scrapped by the Philadelphia Navy Yard 28 May 1946.' Spec block: dp. 1,150; l. 289'5"; b. 35'1"; dr. 11'10"; s. 19.5 k.; cpl. 198; a. 3 x 3"/50 cal.; cl. Evarts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- USN return crew Aug-Oct 1945; Philadelphia Navy Yard decommissioning/scrapping workforce 1945-46
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity and disposition - not materials or asbestos content. 'Assigned to the United Kingdom ... 10 June 1943' is the name-change/assignment date, not the transfer; NavSource reads allocation 19 June 1943 and transfer 23 September 1943 (conflict carried in gaps). Spec-block speed (19.5 k.) differs from the Sanders entry's 21.5 k. - consistent with the official design table's service/trial split (ev-04). This entry makes no mention of RN operations (Captain-class service, convoys, U-285).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-02
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels' 1945, Vol. I (NAVSHIPS 250-010) - Lend Lease 'Transferred to United Kingdom' annex roster + Destroyer-Escort Vessels GMT design-group roster section (shipscribe.com scan of official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-010 Vol. I: lend-lease annex 'Transferred to United Kingdom - Continued' (book pp.350-351 = PDF p.185), GRINDALL/DE273 row; DE roster GMT design section (book pp.3-7 = PDF p.15)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official U.S. Navy roster entries naming this hull: the Lend Lease 'Transferred to United Kingdom' annex lists 'GRINDALL - DE273 - Destroyer-escort vessel - 23 Sept 1943' between GOULD/DE272 (18 Sept 1943) and GARDINER/DE274 (28 Sept 1943); the DE roster's 'GMT design' section lists GRINDALL among the hulls footnoted 'Transferred to, and named by, United Kingdom.' This is the contemporaneous official record of hull number, British name, design group, and transfer date.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1943; RN crew of HMS Grindall 1943-45
- Limitations
- Confirms hull number, RN name, GMT design group, and official transfer date (23 Sept 1943 - which conflicts with the DANFS Sanders entry's 'leased ... 30 September 1943'; carried in gaps). The roster contains no machinery, materials, or asbestos data for the hull. Scanned book (two book pages per PDF page); rows verified by OCR of PDF pp.15 (GMT roster block) and p.185 (transfer annex).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-03
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels' 1945, Vol. I (NAVSHIPS 250-010), Destroyer-Escort Vessels design-group characteristics + machinery tables and design-group legend (shipscribe.com scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-010 Vol. I, DE design-group characteristics + machinery tables book pp.234-235 (PDF p.127); legend same spread
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official design-group documentation for this hull's type: the legend defines 'GMT = Diesel electric tandem motor drive - short hull' and states 'All DE's fall into one of the above design groups'; the GMT characteristics row reads 289'5" overall / 283'6" waterline, 35'2" extreme beam, 1,140 tons standard / 1,430 full load, trial speed 21.5 knots; the machinery table gives 'G. M. diesel model 16-278A', 6,000 shp, 2 propellers, and 'None' in the boilers and steam-condition columns - the official record that the GMT plant has no steam system. Accommodations row: 15 officers, 183 enlisted; armament 3 x 3"/50 cal. D.P., 1 quad 40mm AA.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1945 (publication); 1942-45 (data)
- Population
- Evarts/GMT-group construction trades 1942-44; RN and USN crews of GMT hulls
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation, not a hull record - DE-273 does not appear in the main name roster (lend-lease hulls renamed before U.S. commissioning are carried only in the transfer annex and design-group block; the roster's SANDERS row is DE-40, a different hull). No materials or asbestos content in the table.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-04
-
[6]NavSource Online Destroyer Escort Photo Archive, 'Sanders (DE 273) / HMS Grindall (K.477)' page (volunteer archive; lead-level): building/operational timeline, spec block, captioned photographs (launch series credited Mark Ledgerwood; FL 5505 credited Imperial War Museum via published volumes) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DE-273 page, 'Building and Operational Data' timeline + spec block; photo credits FL 5505 (IWM) and Ledgerwood launch series
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Photo-archive timeline corroborating and extending DANFS: contract awarded 25 January 1942; 'Named Sanders' 23 February 1942 (year conflicts with DANFS's 23 February 1943 - carried in gaps); keel laid 23 April 1943 at Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown; launched/christened 4 June 1943 sponsored by Mrs. Eugene Thomas (Sarah) Sanders; allocated to the Royal Navy as HMS Grindall (K.477) 19 June 1943; transferred to RN and commissioned 23 September 1943; returned to USN at Chatham, England 20 August 1945 and commissioned as USS Grindall (DE 273), Lt. Burrill D. Barker, Jr., USNR, in command; decommissioned at Philadelphia NSY 19 October 1945; stricken 1 November 1945; scrapped at Philadelphia NSY, completed 28 May 1946. Spec block adds: GMT type, 4 GM Model 16-278A diesel engines with electric drive, 6,000 shp, 2 screws, 19 kt, 4,150 nm at 12 kt, complement 156.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1943; RN crew 1943-45; USN crew Aug-Oct 1945
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained photo archive - lead-level documentation, not an official record; dates and spec values unverified against underlying USN/NHHC/NARA originals. The 'named 23 February 1942' entry conflicts with DANFS's 1943; the 19 June 1943 allocation differs from DANFS-Grindall's 'assigned ... 10 June 1943'; complement 156 differs from DANFS's 198 (all conflicts carried, not reconciled). Nothing on materials aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-05
-
[7]uboat.net Allied Warships, 'HMS Grindall (K 477)' warship file - Captain-class frigate; compiled war record sourced to UK National Archives ADM documents (ADM 173/18493, ADM 173/18661, ADM 199/1427, ADM 53/119442 + ADM 53/119475 + ADM 53/119603, ADM 173/19365, ADM 173/19345, ADM 199/316 + 199/317 + 199/712 + 199/1442 + 199/2102) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5465.html - ship data block, 'Commands listed', 'Notable events' (11 Mar 1944 - 15 Apr 1945), 'Sources' ADM list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled RN service record for this hull: commissioned Royal Navy 23 September 1943; commanding officers Lt.Cdr. William Cole, RD, RNR (1943-09-23 to 1944-11-02) and T/A/Lt.Cdr. David Turquand-Young, RNVR (1944-11-02 to mid-1945). A/S exercises March 1944 (Lough Foyle with HMS H.34; Clyde with HMS Sealion, HMS Bickerton, HMS Blade); Operation Victual/Goodwood August 1944 - Arctic convoys JW 59/RA 59A and the Tirpitz strikes; departed Scapa Flow 21 August 1944 with HMS Nubian to join Force 9 (tanker screen); exercises off Larne (15 Dec 1944, with HMS Keats) and Gibraltar (28 Dec 1944, with HMS Tyler); Irish Sea sections of convoys CU 56 (Jan-Feb 1945) and combined ON 283 / OS 109 / KMS 83 (Feb 1945) with the 5th Escort Group; 15 April 1945 - U-285 sunk by depth charges from HMS Grindall and HMS Keats southwest of Ireland at 50 deg 13 min N, 12 deg 48 min W.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-09 to 1945-08
- Population
- RN crew of HMS Grindall 1943-45
- Limitations
- Secondary reference work, not an official record - the underlying sources are Admiralty documents at the UK National Archives (TNA ADM series, listed on the page) that were not independently pulled. Convoy/engagement detail is compilation-grade; the U-285 attribution to Grindall + Keats is the standard credit (consistent with all secondary sources). Nothing on materials aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-06
-
[8]Imperial War Museums collections object 205120467 - photograph FL 5505, HMS GRINDALL, Royal Navy official photographer, Ministry of Defence Foxhill Collection of Ship Photographs [museum_official]
- Locator
- iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205120467
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official museum catalog record for a wartime photograph of this hull: 'HMS GRINDALL', catalogue number FL 5505, Second World War production and content period, creator 'Royal Navy official photographer', object association 'GRINDALL (ex USS SANDERS: Lend Lease)'. Confirms RN identity and wartime service from an official collection (photograph dated 12 April 1944 per the IWM caption as reproduced on NavSource).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- RN crew (April 1944 photograph)
- Limitations
- Photographic/catalog confirmation of identity and service only - contains no materials, condition, or asbestos information. The IWM object page itself does not display the April 1944 date; the 12 April 1944 caption is carried from the photo's published reproduction (NavSource credits Elliott, 'Allied Escort Ships of World War II').
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-07
-
[9]GAO, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (Oct. 18, 1979) - product page [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page (Oct. 18, 1979)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's extensive use of asbestos insulation aboard ships, with substitution not beginning until the early 1970s - this hull (built 1942-43, scrapped 1946) falls entirely inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-1970s (coverage)
- Population
- Navy shipboard workers 1940s-1970s (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level finding, not hull evidence - GAO fieldwork covered other yards/ships; does not establish that asbestos was installed aboard this specific hull or in what quantity. gao.gov blocks automated fetches (HTTP 403); citation is to the GAO product-page description - full-text pull remains an open lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-08
-
[10]NAVSHIPS 250-010 GMT design-group legend and machinery table ('GMT = Diesel electric tandem motor drive - short hull'; 'G. M. diesel model 16-278A'; boilers/steam columns 'None') + Destroyer History Foundation Evarts-class design history (steam-turbine plant designed out; four diesels substituted) + Atlas shipyard dataset 'boston-naval-shipyard' record (tier-3 asbestos-era yard) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-010 Vol. I DE design-group legend + machinery table (book p.235 = PDF p.127); destroyerhistory.org/de/evartsclass (design section); shipyards.json 'boston-naval-shipyard' evidence row ev-boston-naval-shipyar-02
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-electric escort built at Boston Navy Yard in 1942-43: the GMT machinery plant - four General Motors 16-278A diesels driving generators, tandem electric motor drive, 2 shafts, 6,000 shp - has NO propulsion boilers and no steam system (official BuShips table marks the GMT group's boiler/steam columns 'None'), so the heavy steam-ship asbestos categories (boiler lagging, steam-line insulation) do not apply. Plausible period applications concentrate in diesel exhaust insulation, machinery gaskets and packing, electrical insulation, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and friction linings on deck machinery. Builder context: Boston Naval Shipyard is a tier-3 asbestos-era yard in the Atlas dataset (yard-level record includes a John Crane gasket/packing litigation citation, 'In re John Crane, Inc.' Tex. App. 2003).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1943; RN crew 1943-45; USN crew Aug-Oct 1945; Philadelphia Navy Yard scrapping workforce 1946
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding. No Evarts-class material survey, BuShips spec extract, or bill of materials was located for this hull; whether the yard-documented products were installed in this hull is unverified. Does not establish asbestos presence, quantity, or location aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-09
-
[11]Atlas shipyard dataset (shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json): 'boston-naval-shipyard' record (evidence_tier 3; John Crane gasket/packing product identification in In re John Crane, Inc., No. 01-03-00698-CV, Tex. App. 2003) and 'philadelphia-naval-shipyard' record (evidence_tier 3; twelve named asbestos products in Taylor/Junge/Gross line of Pa. appellate opinions, 1941-1984 coverage, plus OSHA inspection 17999079) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json 'boston-naval-shipyard' (evidence ev-boston-naval-shipyar-02); 'philadelphia-naval-shipyard' (evidence ev-philadelphia-naval-shipyard-01/-02, OSHA 17999079)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The yards that built (Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown - contract block 25 Jan 1942) and scrapped (Philadelphia Navy Yard - scrapping completed 28 May 1946) this hull are both documented asbestos environments at yard level in the Atlas dataset: Boston carries a litigation product identification for John Crane gaskets/sealing materials; Philadelphia carries twelve named asbestos products documented in published appellate opinions covering 1941-1984 plus a 1989 OSHA health inspection.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1941-1989 (yard documentation); 1943-46 (this hull's yard exposure windows)
- Population
- Boston NSY and Philadelphia NSY facility workforces (yard-level documentation periods)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation - establishes that the builder and scrapper yards contained asbestos materials and litigation in the documented periods; it does NOT establish that asbestos was installed in this specific hull, does not identify products aboard DE-273, and does not reach the RN custody period (1943-45) or any UK yard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-10
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 sweep (opinion index type=o and RECAP docket index type=r) for exact name and hull number via cl-auth-search.py (authenticated, fleet-paced) - per search_ledger [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-de273-06 through sl-uss-de273-09
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep (partial at drafting): opinion query '"Grindall"' (type=o) returned 37 results - all reviewed hits are surname collisions (parties/persons named Grindall: Grindall v. First National Stores, Fed. Home Loan Mtge. Corp. v. Grindall, Gantt v. Grindall, In re Grindall, etc.); none references a vessel, naval service, or asbestos. Opinion query '"DE-273"' (type=o) returned 15 results - all reporter page-number/string collisions (e.g., 'de 273' fragments and pin cites; one reviewed hit, Wernowski v. Continental Can Co., is an asbestos case whose match is a citation fragment, not a vessel reference). RECAP docket query '"Grindall"' (type=r) returned 68 results - all surname collisions (bankruptcy/criminal/civil dockets for persons named Grindall; one reviewed hit, GRINDALL v. 3M COMPANY, JPML 2021, is a plaintiff-surname collision, not the vessel). No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull located in the completed queries.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Opinion index swept for 'Grindall' (37 hits) and 'DE-273' (15 hits) - all collisions on review; docket index swept for 'Grindall' (68 hits) - all collisions. Queries '"USS Sanders"', '"HMS Grindall"', and '"USS Grindall"' (type=o) and the 'DE-273'/'USS Sanders' docket variants were pending against the fleet-wide pacing budget at drafting - final status in search_ledger. The sweep does not cover state-court filings, trust claims, or non-U.S. jurisdictions. 'Sanders' is a common surname and DE-40 also bore it (a different hull) - any future hit needs hull-attribution review rather than automatic assignment.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-11
-
[13]Batch-4195 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS + hazegray/Wayback mirrors, NAVSHIPS 250-010 scan (BuShips official), NVR, NavSource, uboat.net Allied Warships, IWM collections, Atlas shipyard dataset, CourtListener API v4, NARA catalog, UK National Archives ADM references [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-de273-01 through sl-uss-de273-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for DE-273: no hull ACM survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material-condition report, or docketed asbestos case names this hull under any designation (USS Sanders/DE-273, HMS Grindall K.477, USS Grindall DE-273). No preservation-era documentation can exist - the hull was scrapped at the Philadelphia Navy Yard by 28 May 1946 and was never a museum, memorial, or long-term reserve-fleet asset.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - wartime construction at a documented asbestos-era yard makes era-consistent applications plausible, but installation aboard this hull is unproven. The hull no longer exists, so no present-day survey is possible. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-12
-
[14]UK National Archives (TNA) ADM files listed on the uboat.net warship page: ADM 53/119442 + ADM 53/119475 + ADM 53/119603 (HMS Grindall ship's logs), ADM 173/18493 + ADM 173/18661 + ADM 173/19365 + ADM 173/19345 (pink lists/employment), ADM 199/1427 + ADM 199/316 + ADM 199/317 + ADM 199/712 + ADM 199/1442 + ADM 199/2102 (war diaries/convoy files); NARA RG 19 (BuShips per-vessel specifications / General Information Books), RG 24 (deck logs for the Aug-Oct 1945 U.S. commission), RG 181 (Boston Navy Yard production records, 25 Jan 1942 contract block) - all undigitized or not located online [other_primary]
- Locator
- TNA ADM references per uboat.net ship page source list; NARA RG 19/RG 24/RG 181 entry series (undigitized)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for hull-level material documentation not yet retrieved: (1) TNA ADM 53 ship's logs and ADM 173/199 files are the authoritative path to HMS Grindall's RN-period record, including any maintenance/refit material work during the 1943-45 custody window; (2) NARA RG 19 holds BuShips per-vessel specifications covering DE-273's Boston Navy Yard build; RG 24 deck logs cover the August-October 1945 U.S. commission; RG 181 holds Boston Navy Yard production records for the contract block; (3) a lend-lease delivery/equipment manifest (fit-out differences for RN service) would carry the most direct materials information if it survives.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (records); 2026 (lead status)
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these holdings were pulled or digitized; contents unknown. They establish nothing about materials aboard. NARA catalog returns a JavaScript-only shell to programmatic fetches (standing access limitation, same as prior batches); TNA ADM pieces are referenced from a secondary source (uboat.net) and not yet verified against the TNA catalog.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-de273-13