Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Denebola' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'USS Denebola' returned 1 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-denebola-ad12-cl-name-opinion
-
[2]CourtListener docket search: 'USS Denebola' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'USS Denebola' returned 2 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-denebola-ad12-cl-name-docket
-
[3]CourtListener opinion search: 'AD-12' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'AD-12' returned 890431 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-denebola-ad12-cl-hull-opinion
-
[4]CourtListener docket search: 'AD-12' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'AD-12' returned 1165746 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-denebola-ad12-cl-hull-docket
-
[5]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - 'Denebola I (AD-12)' (DANFS I) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry text and stat line, 'Denebola I (AD-12)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Denebola (AD-12) was built in 1919 as Edgewood by Skinner and Eddy, Seattle, Wash.; transferred from the Shipping Board 4 November 1921; converted for naval use at Philadelphia Navy Yard; and commissioned 28 November 1921. Served Atlantic coast until November 1922, then tender and repair ship to the U.S. Naval Detachment in Turkish Waters (Constantinople) to November 1923, returning via Bizerte, Tunis, Gibraltar, and the Azores to New York 23 December 1923. Caribbean winter maneuvers 1924; out of commission in reserve at Philadelphia 9 August 1924. Except for 1931-1934, when she served as barracks ship at Norfolk for crews of battleships undergoing modernization, she remained out of commission at Philadelphia until towed to Baltimore, Md., in 1940; commissioned in ordinary 18 January 1940 for overhaul and refit; again in full commission 6 April 1940. Reported to Commander, Destroyers, Atlantic Squadron at Norfolk Navy Yard 14 August 1940 to overhaul destroyers and serve as flagship; September 1940 and two later trips to Halifax, Nova Scotia, to prepare and transfer destroyers to the British government under the bases-for-destroyers exchange. Early 1941: Norfolk tender duty and repair schools, one cruise to Guantanamo Bay and two to Bermuda. Tender at Casco Bay, Maine, 12 September 1941 to 5 July 1944. Mediterranean July-November 1944: tender services at Cagliari, Sardinia, during the invasion of southern France, then Ajaccio and St. Tropez to 23 September, Naples to 27 October; returned to Casco Bay 1 December 1944. Boston repairs 30 April-13 May 1945; Pacific service at Eniwetok from 30 June 1945; San Diego from 26 November 1945 preparing ships for decommissioning; to San Francisco 14 February 1946. Decommissioned 10 April 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 1 July 1946. Received one battle star for World War II service. DANFS stat line: dp. 10,000 (full); l. 423'9"; b. 54'; dr. 20'; s. 10 k.; cpl. 522; a. 4 5", 4 3".
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1919-1946
- Limitations
- Authoritative official history; establishes identity, construction, conversion, stations, and dates. DANFS names no class for AD-12 (no 'cl.' field in the stat line - see correction row) and contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement; this row supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-01
-
[6]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - DENEBOLA (AD-12), Ship History Detail 1250 [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 1250: vessel particulars, name history, milestones, image captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record for Denebola (AD-12): year built 1919; shipyard Skinner and Eddy Corporation; general type Naval Auxiliary; specific type AD Destroyer Tender; MARAD type USSB 1079; length 423.0 ft; beam 54.25 ft; displacement 10,000 tons summer / 6,250 tons lightweight; vessel name history DENEBOLA (AD-12) / EDGEWOOD; mission World War II; fate 'Sold - U.S. Operation'; custody milestones Entry 6/30/1946 and Withdrawal 1/26/1949. The image set includes 44 U.S. Navy photographs, several captioned as showing the ship 'under refurbishment' on 6 October 1942 and engine spaces during WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1919-1949
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody and registered particulars. The milestone table alone is ambiguous - the 1/26/1949 withdrawal was a temporary Navy delivery, not final sale (see status-card row). No asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim. The WWII 'refurbishment' photo captions give no location or scope and no materials detail.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-02
-
[7]MARAD Reserve Fleet Division vessel status card, DENEBOLA AD 12 (former Edgewood), scanned images 1250_2277AF.jpg (front) and 1250_2277AB.jpg (back) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Status card scan, boxes 1-22 plus red-ink disposition annotations and card back
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NDRF vessel status card (Suisun Bay, Tier S1) records: entered fleet 6-30-46 at 1555 hours PST; 400 bbls Bunker C fuel oil aboard at entry; termination port of last voyage Mare Island; withdrawn 1-26-49 at 1230 PST and delivered to Navy; returned to fleet 4-29-49; 'to be sold for scrap' notation dated 3-9-48; final disposition entries - 'delivered to purchaser's agent,' 'wd 8-18-50 ... sold scrap,' 'sold Boston Metals Co,' with July 1950 letter/wire references. Card back carries the annotation 'Grounding of Denebola - Government 5-11-49' and an invoice number.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1946-1950
- Limitations
- Primary custody document; handwriting partially legible and some entries are abbreviated (e.g., the 'Grounding ... Government 5-11-49' note's meaning is unconfirmed). Reconciles the MARAD milestone table (1/26/1949 withdrawal = temporary Navy delivery; vessel returned 4/29/1949) against the reported final sale (8/18/1950 to Boston Metals Co.). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-03
-
[8]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), Skinner & Eddy yard list, Seattle WA; and Naval Ships - Destroyer Tenders (AD) list [other_primary]
- Locator
- Skinner & Eddy hull table rows 41/49/51; http://shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships/ad.htm AD-11/12/13 rows
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Skinner & Eddy construction record: hull 49, USSB hull 1737, U.S. Official No. 218127 - Edgewood, US Shipping Board cargo ship (USSB Design 1079), 6,800 GT, delivered June 1919; later Denebola (AD 12) 1921, reverted to Edgewood 1946, scrapped 1950. Sister hulls of the same design and conversion program: Edisto (hull 51, USSB 1738) became Altair (AD-11); Edgecombe (hull 41, USSB 1732) became Rigel (AD-13).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1918-1950
- Limitations
- Specialized trade shipyard database - reliable for yard numbers, official numbers, and delivery dates, but it is a secondary compilation rather than a government record; delivery month is given but no launch date is stated. Supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-04
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard and around ships. This is the era of Denebola's 1940 overhaul/refit for full commission and her 1940-1946 service as a steam-powered destroyer tender performing overhaul and repair work on other vessels.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. The article addresses WWII shipbuilding; this hull was built in 1919, so application to her original construction is additional inference.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-05
-
[10]NHHC DANFS I stat line and chronology (in-ordinary vs. full commission), contrasted with secondary-source infobox framing [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS I paragraph 3 ('commissioned in ordinary there 18 January 1940 ... Again in full commission 6 April 1940'); DANFS II stat line ('cl. Denebola')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two source-level discrepancies resolved against DANFS: (a) Recommissioning date - secondary infoboxes show 'Recommissioned 18 January 1940,' but DANFS distinguishes commissioning in ordinary on 18 January 1940 (for overhaul and refit at Baltimore) from full commission on 6 April 1940; the April date is the operative recommissioning and is adopted. (b) Class designation - secondary references (Wikipedia, NavSource, HyperWar) describe AD-11/12/13 as the 'Altair class'; DANFS I names no class for AD-12, while DANFS II assigns 'cl. Denebola' to the unrelated AF-56 stores ship. This record carries 'Denebola' in ship_class per batch directive; the Altair-class framing is retained here as a documented alternative, not asserted as controlling.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940; 1954 (DANFS II)
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies between secondary compilations and the controlling official history; does not affect identity or the custody timeline materially. The class-label question is not adjudicable from the sources located - no official class designation for AD-12 was found.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-06
-
[11]Batch-442 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS I and II; MARAD ShipHistory 1250 + status cards; NavSource photo archive; Skinner & Eddy hull list; CourtListener API and site: searches; general web litigation search [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-denebola-ad12-01 through sl-uss-denebola-ad12-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming the Denebola (AD-12) hull was found in the public sources searched - DANFS and MARAD records contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement; CourtListener API was rate-limited during the research window and a general web site:courtlistener.com search plus asbestos-litigation searches returned only name collisions and a law-firm directory listing all AD hulls (excluded per source rules; see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1919-built steam auxiliary refit in 1940 and worked on through WWII is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. CourtListener coverage is incomplete due to documented rate limiting - the litigation surface for this hull is under-checked, not clean.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-07
-
[12]NARA guidance and record groups: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel deck logs), RG 38 (Chief of Naval Operations war diaries), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 181 (naval districts and shore establishments) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA military/ship-records research guidance; RG 24/38/19/181 series descriptions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): RG 24 deck logs for USS Denebola (WWII-era logs at NARA II, College Park); RG 38 war diaries filed under the ship's name; RG 19 Bureau of Ships records for the 1921 Philadelphia Navy Yard conversion and 1940 Baltimore overhaul/refit specifications; RG 181 records of Philadelphia Navy Yard (conversion and 1924-1940 reserve lay-up), Norfolk Navy Yard (1940-41 operating base), Boston Naval Shipyard (April-May 1945 repairs), and Mare Island (final-voyage termination port per status card). Yard work orders and repair specifications are the most plausible repositories for any ship-specific materials documentation.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1919-1950 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-08
-
[13]NavSource Online, Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Denebola (AD-12): DANFS transcription, commanding officers, campaign ribbons, strike and disposal entries [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource AD-12 page: Altair class header, awards/campaign table, disposition lines, commanding officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource's AD-12 entry records: struck from the Naval Register 8 May 1946; laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Suisun Bay; sold for scrapping 18 August 1950 to Boston Metals Co., Baltimore, MD; and attributes the ship's single Europe-Africa-Middle East campaign star to the Invasion of Southern France, 15 August to 25 September 1944 - consistent with DANFS's documented Cagliari/Ajaccio/St. Tropez/Naples service during that operation.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1944-1950
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary transcription of official records, not a primary source; the strike date and campaign attribution are not independently verified against NVR or official award lists. Content was obtained via search-result excerpt - direct fetch was refused by the site's mod_security layer. No asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-denebola-ad12-09