Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]DANFS, 'Design' (AM-219) - verbatim transcription at the losthistory.net/hazegray mirror, verified word-for-word against the official NHHC page via Wayback capture 2025-01-25 (live history.navy.mil URL returns 404 - standing link rot, same as BATCH-01/1148/1169) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Design' entry, specifications block + service narrative (losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/mine/am219.htm; NHHC original via web.archive.org capture 2025-01-25)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official DANFS record for this hull: Admirable-class minesweeper (dp. 530; l. 184'6"; b. 33'; dr. 9'9"; s. 15 k.; cpl. 104; a. 1 3"; cl. Admirable). Launched 6 February 1944 at Tampa, Fla., by Tampa Shipbuilding Co.; sponsored by Miss B. L. Gould; commissioned 29 June 1944, Lt. L. A. Young, USNR, in command. Sailed from New York 8 September 1944 escorting a convoy to Pearl Harbor; returned to San Francisco on similar duty 20 November; three days later sailed to Seattle for another Pearl Harbor convoy, arriving 9 December. From arrival at Eniwetok 29 December 1944 until 19 March 1945, convoy and patrol duty at Kossol Roads, Palau; Saipan; Ulithi; Guam; Hollandia, New Guinea; and San Pedro Bay, Leyte. Arrived off Okinawa 26 March 1945 for pre-invasion minesweeping, during which she rescued the survivors of YMS-103, which had struck a mine. On 4 July sailed to sweep in support of 3d Fleet operations against Japan through the end of the month. After brief overhaul at San Pedro Bay, returned to Okinawa 1 September 1945, sailed a week later to clear Wakanoura Wan, Honshu, for occupation landings; continued sweeping off Nagoya and in the East China Sea; departed Sasebo 20 November, arriving San Diego 19 December. Underway 10 January 1946 for Galveston and Orange, Tex.; placed in commission in reserve 14 May 1946; out of commission in reserve 24 August 1946; reclassified MSF-219 on 7 February 1955. Three battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1955
- Population
- Tampa Shipbuilding construction trades (1943-44); wartime crew (design complement 104)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, builder, dates, service narrative, and awards - not materials or asbestos content. The entry ends at the 1955 reclassification and is silent on striking and disposal (the secondary-source conflict is flagged in ev-08). DANFS carries no laid-down date (NavSource and uboat.net supply 12 Mar 1943; uboat adds ordered 14 Mar 1942). Mirror transcription verified verbatim against the official NHHC text via Wayback capture of 2025-01-25; live page returns 404.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-01
-
[2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Design (MSF 219) ex-AM-219, file 11/02219 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/02219 - chronology block, specifications block, propulsion line, CO list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull record: 'Admirable Class Minesweeper'; laid down 12 March 1943 by the Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Tampa, FL; launched 6 February 1944; commissioned USS Design (AM 219) 29 June 1944; 'Placed in commission, in reserve, 14 May 1946 at Orange, TX'; decommissioned 24 August 1946; 'Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists out of commission, in reserve as December 1945'; 'Reclassified as a Fleet Minesweeper (Steel Hull), MSF-219, 7 February 1955'; 'Scrapped in late 1955.' Spec block: 945 t (fl); 184'6"; 33' beam; 9'9" draft; 14.8 kts; complement 104; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one twin 40mm mount, six 20mm mounts, one depth-charge projector (hedgehog), four K-gun depth-charge projectors, two depth-charge tracks; propulsion 'Two 1,710shp Cooper Bessemer GSB-8 diesel engines, National Supply Co. single reduction gear, two shafts.' CO list: LT Leonard Albert Young USNR (29 Jun 1944 - 31 Oct 1945), LT Herbert Donald Strauss USNR (31 Oct 1945 - 24 Aug 1946). Call sign Nan-Charlie-Uncle-Baker. No image of the ship is held.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1955
- Population
- Tampa Shipbuilding trades (1943-44); wartime crew; Orange reserve-fleet lay-up workforce (1946)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official. 'Scrapped in late 1955' conflicts with the Jane's 1960-61-derived 'stricken at the end of 1960' (Wikipedia) - flagged in ev-08 rather than merged. The 'NVR 1 Jan 1949 lists out of commission, in reserve as December 1945' note is printed verbatim on the TASCO-block pages (e.g., Density AM-218, Device AM-220) and its 'December 1945' status date conflicts with the documented 24 Aug 1946 decommissioning - flagged. '1,710shp' reads as a class-level figure (per-engine vs total unresolved - carried as printed). Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-02
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[3]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), 'Tampa Shipbuilding (TASCO), Tampa FL' yard table - hull #67 row (AM 219 Design) + yard history header [other_primary]
- Locator
- tasco.htm - hull #67 row + yard history header; block sisters #66 (AM 218) and #68-70 (AM 220-222)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard-table row for this hull: yard hull #67, 'AM 219 | Design | US Navy | Minesweeper | 650d | 180 | 29-Jun-44 | Scrapped 1955.' Consecutive TASCO Admirable-class block sisters include #66 Density (AM 218 - 'Sold to Greece 2/55 as Manoula'), #68 Device (AM 220), #69 Diploma (AM 221), #70 Disdain (AM 222). Yard history header: founded as Tampa Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. 1917 on the Tampa Foundry & Machine site (est. 1892); renamed Tampa Shipbuilding Company (TASCO) after sale to George B. Howell; ~16,000 peak employment, largest employer in Tampa; ceased operations by 1948; site held in Navy reserve until after the Korean War, then developed by the Port of Tampa - now Gulf Marine Repair, foot of Grant Street on the Ybor Channel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1948
- Population
- TASCO construction workforce (Tampa, FL, 1943-44)
- Limitations
- Compiler's yard table, secondary - corroborates builder, yard hull number (#67), delivery date (29-Jun-44 matches commissioning), type, and tonnage class (650d). Its 'Scrapped 1955' conflicts with the Jane's-derived 'stricken end of 1960' - flagged in ev-08; the disposition column reflects whatever secondary list the compiler used. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-03
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII - USS Design (AM 219) ship page (ID 5289) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5289.html - fact table + commands section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Per-hull record: Admirable-class minesweeper, US Navy, pennant AM 219; built by Tampa Shipbuilding Co. Inc. (Tampa, Florida); ordered 14 March 1942; laid down 12 March 1943; launched 6 February 1944; commissioned 29 June 1944; end service 24 August 1946 ('Decommissioned 24 August 1946'). Commanding officer listed: Lt. Leonard Albert Young, USNR, from 29 Jun 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- TASCO trades (1943-44); wartime crew
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - corroborates builder, contract date (ordered 14 Mar 1942 - the only located source carrying it), construction dates, and end of service. Covers WWII period only - no disposal, no MSF reclassification, no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-04
-
[5]Consolidated era/design inference - documented propulsion plant (NavSource spec block: two Cooper Bessemer GSB-8 diesels, National Supply Co. single reduction gear, two shafts - direct drive; HyperWar class block reads 'Diesel-electric engines, twin screws, 1,800 h.p.') + documented builder and construction era (DANFS; uboat.net; Colton) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/02219 propulsion line; HyperWar ships-dm.html Admirable-class block + AM-219 stub page; DANFS construction/service dates; Colton tasco.htm
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull is a 1943-44-built steel Admirable-class minesweeper with a diesel direct-drive twin-screw plant (two Cooper Bessemer GSB-8 diesels, National Supply single reduction gear) - no boilers, no steam distribution. Its insulation load was materially lighter than a steam combatant's, but machinery and construction materials of the WWII era were commonly asbestos-containing: exhaust-system and muffler lagging, machinery gaskets and packing, electrical-cable insulation, accommodation/galley joiner insulation, winch and windlass brake linings, and deck compositions of the period. Exposure-relevant populations if any material was present: TASCO Tampa-yard construction trades (1943-44); the wartime U.S. crew (design complement ~104) across the Gulf workup, Pacific convoy-escort legs, and the Okinawa/Japan minesweeping tour - with the documented machinery-space disturbance episodes (post-commissioning workups, the August 1945 San Pedro Bay overhaul, and the 1946 Orange reserve-fleet lay-up) as the heaviest potential disturbance points; plus whatever yard or breaker workforce handled the hull at disposal.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1960
- Population
- TASCO trades (1943-44); U.S. crew Jun 1944 - Aug 1946; disposal workforce (date conflicted)
- Limitations
- Inference from documented design, machinery type, and construction era - NOT a hull materials record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming AM-219 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. The diesel (non-steam) plant makes even era-level inference weaker than for steam vessels of the same era. Disposal-process records (scrapping yard, date, workforce) are undocumented in located sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-05
-
[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); and Fleischer, W.E., et al., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373 (article); PubMed PMID 21016030
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and wartime construction program under which this hull was built at Tampa Shipbuilding (TASCO), Tampa. The USMC-commissioned 1944-45 industrial-hygiene survey of pipe-covering operations at Navy and contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; articles 1946/1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding and naval-vessel construction generally; neither source names this vessel, class, or builder yard. Pipe-covering findings are less applicable to a diesel (non-steam) minesweeper than to steam vessels. Establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-06
-
[7]Batch-1196 search ledger (this record): DANFS via losthistory/hazegray mirror verified against NHHC Wayback capture 2025-01-25; NavSource 11/02219; Shipbuilding History TASCO yard table; uboat.net 5289; HyperWar ships-dm class block + AM-219 stub; NavalCoverMuseum; Wikipedia cross-check; NVR; NARA catalog; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-design-am219-01 through sl-uss-design-am219-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS Design / AM-219 / MSF-219: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, preservation record, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming this hull was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Non-authoritative marketing rosters carry the name in generic ship tables (mesothelioma.com minesweeper jobsites page: 'USS Design | AM-219 | Admirable | 6/29/1944 | Unknown'; mesotheliomahelp.org minesweeper list) - excluded per source rules; they carry no hull-specific evidence. CourtListener authenticated sweeps could not be completed this session: the first query batch returned HTTP 429 ('Rate limit exceeded: 2800/day') and the single end-of-session retry was still throttled (~7,700s remaining) - the sweep was abandoned per batch rules (back off, log honestly, never retry into a ban). The litigation surface of this hull is therefore unsearched, not searched-and-empty.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943-44-built vessel is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials even accounting for its lighter diesel insulation load. The hull was disposed of decades ago, so no present-day survey pathway exists; disposal-era records are thin and conflicted. IMPORTANT: the CourtListener sweep did not run (throttled, shared quota) - 'no qualifying case located' reflects the non-litigation repositories only; a differently-phrased hull reference may exist in the opinion/docket indexes. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-07
-
[8]Source-discrepancy resolution - DANFS (NHHC Wayback capture 2025-01-25 + losthistory/hazegray mirror) vs NavSource 11/02219 vs Colton TASCO yard table vs uboat.net 5289 vs NavalCoverMuseum vs HyperWar class block/stub vs Wikipedia (Jane's-derived) infobox [other_primary]
- Locator
- losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/mine/am219.htm + web.archive.org capture of history.navy.mil DANFS page (2025-01-25); navsource.net/archives/11/02219.htm; shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/tasco.htm; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5289.html; navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/DESIGN_AM_219; ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-dm.html + AM/AM-219_Design.html; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Design
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies logged, not silently merged: (a) Sponsor - DANFS (official NHHC text, verified via Wayback 2025-01-25, and the hazegray transcription) reads 'Miss B. L. Gould'; Wikipedia reads 'Miss Joan Dall' (WikiMili repeats it) - Gould carried; Dall flagged as a Wikipedia-only variant with no located supporting source. (b) Disposal - NavSource 'Scrapped in late 1955,' Colton 'Scrapped 1955,' NavalCoverMuseum 'Scrapped 1955' vs Wikipedia 'stricken at the end of 1960' citing Blackman, Jane's Fighting Ships 1960-61, p. 368, with fate 'Unknown'; DANFS is silent post-1955 - the conflict is carried and flagged; the Jane's listing implies the hull remained register-listed in 1960. (c) Displacement - DANFS 530 t vs NavSource/Wikipedia 945 t (full load) vs HyperWar class block 625 t - DANFS carried in prose; NavSource's full-load figure carried where full-load context applies. (d) Speed - DANFS/HyperWar 15 kts vs NavSource 14.8 kts - variance flagged. (e) Armament - DANFS '1 3"' vs NavSource 'one 3"/50 DP + one twin 40mm + six 20mm + hedgehog + 4 K-guns + 2 DC tracks' vs HyperWar '1x3"/50 DP + 2x40mm + 6x20mm' - design-spec vs wartime-fit unresolved. (f) Propulsion label - NavSource 'Two 1,710shp Cooper Bessemer GSB-8 diesel engines, National Supply Co. single reduction gear, two shafts' (direct drive) vs HyperWar 'Diesel-electric engines, twin screws, 1,800 h.p.' - the documented reduction-gear fit contradicts 'diesel-electric'; NavSource carried. (g) Reserve status note - NavSource's boilerplate 'NVR of 1 January 1949 lists out of commission, in reserve as December 1945' conflicts with the documented 24 Aug 1946 decommissioning - flagged. (h) CO list - NavSource lists Young (to 31 Oct 1945) then Strauss (to 24 Aug 1946); uboat.net lists Young only (WWII scope) - no conflict, different coverage windows.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1961
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies among the official DANFS text and secondary compilations, adopting the better-supported values and flagging the rest. For disposal, neither side is primary - the Jane's citation is a register listing (extant-in-1960 evidence), while 'scrapped 1955' appears in three secondary compilations that may share an underlying list; SECNAV/OPNAV 5441 strike notices and NVR print volumes are the archival resolution path. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-08
-
[9]Air & Liquid Systems Corp. v. DeVries, 586 U.S. 446 (2019), CourtListener 4601080 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener opinion 4601080
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No case located names this hull in the non-litigation repositories searched; the CourtListener sweep itself could not run (API throttle, shared quota - see ev-07 and search_ledger). Doctrinal context only for the vessel's type: claims arising from WWII-era Navy-vessel asbestos exposure ran under maritime law against equipment manufacturers, and the Supreme Court's DeVries decision settled the 'bare-metal defense' framework - manufacturers that supplied bare equipment had a duty to warn where their products required asbestos-containing parts. It illustrates the litigation posture claims arising from service aboard a WWII diesel minesweeper would have faced; whether any such claim naming Design exists is unverified this session.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2019 decision
- Limitations
- Doctrinal context only - the cited case does not name or involve this hull, and DeVries addressed manufacturers' duty to warn for asbestos-containing components on Navy vessels generally. Classification note: a complaint's vessel list would be a pleading allegation, not a finding; no pleading naming this hull was located in the searches performed. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-09
-
[10]Archival leads - NARA WWII muster rolls and RG 24 deck logs for this hull's June 1944 - August 1946 commission; NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) General Information Books and the Navy contract file for the TASCO Admirable-class block (yard hull #67); NARA 19-LCM photo coverage (sibling hulls AM-218/AM-220 carry 19-LCM series photos credited to NARA - coverage for AM-219 expected but unconfirmed); BuShips Naval Vessel Register print volumes (the 1 Jan 1949 register NavSource cites is extant via generalstaff.org; 1955-1961 registers would resolve the disposal conflict); SECNAV/OPNAV Notices 5441 strike notices (NHHC Ships Histories source folders per shipscribe's source guide); Jane's Fighting Ships 1960-61 p. 368 (the listing Wikipedia cites); NHHC Ships Histories microfiche files [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov RG 19/24 group guides; NavSource 11/02218 + 11/02220 photo credits; shipscribe.com/pubs + usnaux.shipscribe.com/sources.html source guides
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized; NARA catalog returns only its JS application shell to automated fetch): (a) NARA's WWII muster-rolls series should cover this hull for her Jun 1944 - Aug 1946 commission - sibling Admirable-class hulls are demonstrably indexed (batch-1148 noted Heed AM-100 via a DPLA item), so coverage for AM-219 is expected but unconfirmed this session; (b) NARA RG 24 deck logs, Jun 1944 - Aug 1946; (c) NARA RG 19 BuShips records / General Information Books and the Navy contract file for the TASCO Admirable-class block (yard hulls ~#60s) - the plausible home of hull-level material schedules; (d) NARA 19-LCM photo series - sibling hulls AM-218 and AM-220 carry 19-LCM images (19-LCM-AM218-1/-2/-5, 19-LCM-AM220-2), so coverage for AM-219 is expected; (e) BuShips Naval Vessel Register print volumes and SECNAV/OPNAV 5441 strike notices - the resolution path for the scrapped-1955 vs stricken-1960 conflict (shipscribe's source guide locates strike notices in the NHHC Ships Histories files/source folders and Navy sale data in Ships Histories punch-card printouts); (f) Jane's Fighting Ships 1960-61 (Blackman), p. 368 - the register listing underlying Wikipedia's 'stricken at the end of 1960'.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1961 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for AM-219 is unknown until surveyed in person. Muster rolls, deck logs, and register entries are personnel/status records, not materials documentation. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-design-am219-10