Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
-
[1]DANFS, Drum (SS-228) - construction, thirteen war patrols, decommission/D.C. reserve training (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page not located) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: launched 12 May 1941 by Portsmouth Navy Yard (sponsor Mrs. Thomas Holcomb); commissioned 1 November 1941, Lt. Comdr. R. H. Rice - the first Gato-class boat commissioned. Thirteen war patrols (a fourteenth in progress at war's end); all save the second, ninth, and last two designated successful; 12 battle stars; credited with sinking 15 ships totaling 80,580 tons. Decommissioned 16 February 1946; began Naval Reserve training service at Washington, D.C., in the Potomac River Naval Command on 18 March 1947, continuing through 1962.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1962
- Population
- PNSY construction trades (1940-41); crew (1941-1946); D.C. Naval Reserve trainees (1947-1962)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; contains no asbestos or material content. DANFS narrative ends in 1962 - the 1969 donation to the USS Alabama Battleship Commission is covered by the museum record. Live NHHC DANFS page not located; verbatim transcription mirror used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-01
-
[2]NPS National Register of Historic Places / NHL nomination text, USS Drum (SS-228), NRIS 86000086 [nps]
- Locator
- Nomination sections 7 (description) and 8 (significance)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NHL nomination documents this hull as a Gato-class fleet submarine built by the U.S. Navy Yard at Portsmouth, N.H., launched 12 May 1941 and commissioned 1 November 1941, with a crew of 7 officers and 72 enlisted. It identifies the vessel then displayed at Battleship Memorial Park, Mobile.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1945; nomination ca. 1985-86
- Population
- Crew (1941-1946); museum visitors (1969-present)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific federal documentation; contains no asbestos, hazmat, or material content. Crew figure (79) conflicts with DANFS (60) and the museum figure (up to 83) - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-02
-
[3]NPS National Register Information System record, USS Drum (submarine), NRIS 86000086 [nps]
- Locator
- NRIS asset detail page
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NRIS confirms National Register listing of USS Drum (SS-228) at Mobile, Alabama, reference number 86000086, listed 14 January 1986 - the National Historic Landmark designation date for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1986
- Limitations
- Administrative designation record only; contains no asbestos, condition, or material information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-03
-
[4]USS Alabama Battleship Memorial Park official site - USS Drum (SS-228) page [museum_official]
- Locator
- ussalabama.com USS Drum page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Museum states: USS Drum (SS-228) is a Gato-class submarine and the oldest American submarine on public display, 'sitting in her cradle beside Mobile Bay' (land display); donated to the USS Alabama Battleship Commission on 14 April 1969; opened to the public 4 July 1969; National Historic Landmark; 12 battle stars; 15 ships sunk totaling 80,580 tons; 311 ft 9 in; crew up to 8 officers and 75 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1969-present
- Population
- Museum visitors and staff (1969-present)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific museum record; contains no asbestos or hazardous-material disclosure. Museum crew figure (up to 83) is a third variant vs DANFS (60) and the NHL nomination (79) - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-04
-
[5]Dryfka v. Trane US, Inc., S.D. Ill. No. 3:13-cv-01019 (notice of removal; CourtListener docket 4264471) [court_record]
- Locator
- S.D. Ill. docket 3:13-cv-01019, notice of removal (para. reciting service/exposure)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Ship-named asbestos allegation (PLEADING STAGE): the removal notice recites that plaintiff allegedly served as a Naval Reserve instructor aboard USS Drum from May 1966 to February 1967 at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard and was exposed to asbestos aboard several vessels. Chronology identifies this hull - the nuclear USS Drum (SSN-677) did not yet exist (laid down 1968, commissioned 1972), so the 1966-67 reference can only be SS-228.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1966-1967 (alleged exposure); 2013 (filing)
- Population
- Naval Reserve instructor (alleged), Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (1966-1967)
- Limitations
- Pleading-level allegation only (removal-notice recital of complaint content) - the least-final litigation stage. Not an adjudicated exposure finding; no discovery, trial finding, or judgment on exposure aboard this hull was located. Hull attribution rests on chronology (1966-67 predates SSN-677's existence), not on the pleading stating a hull number. Whether the service was aboard the vessel or in a shipyard-side reserve billet alongside her is not resolved by the document.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-05
-
[6]Moore v. Asbestos, N.D. Cal. No. 3:10-cv-01638 (complaint, OCR-verified); Houghton v. ABB, C.D. Cal. No. 2:18-cv-03133 (docket 6455075); Speck v. 3M (docket 17459631); Kase v. Metalclad Insulation Corp., Cal. Ct. App. (cluster 4324658); Wright v. A.W. Chesterton (docket 4169855) [court_record]
- Locator
- Moore complaint vessel/product passage (OCR p.4-6); Houghton docket 6455075; Speck docket 17459631; Kase cluster 4324658; Wright docket 4169855
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Name collision resolved: multiple 'USS Drum' asbestos-litigation references name the Sturgeon-class nuclear submarine SSN-677, not this hull. OCR-verified Moore complaint text: 'In December of 1968, Metalclad brokered a shipment of Unibestos thermal insulation ... to the nuclear division of Mare Island for use in the reactor compartment of the USS Drum, the USS Guitarro, the USS Hawkbill, and the USS Pintado' - a nuclear-reactor-compartment product shipment in December 1968, when this hull was months from museum donation and SSN-677 was under construction. Houghton and Speck 'Drum' references fall in the same SSN-677 Mare Island context; Kase concerns Mare Island nuclear-submarine insulation procurement; Wright lists 'USS Drum' in an unresolvable roster among nuclear boats and was classified down rather than attributed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1968 (Unibestos shipment); filings 2010-2021
- Population
- Not this hull's population - SSN-677-era Mare Island nuclear trades
- Limitations
- Correction row - these dockets concern a different hull (SSN-677). The Unibestos product identification MUST NOT be attributed to SS-228; it is a nuclear-submarine reactor-compartment material. Wright is unresolvable (list gives no dates) and was excluded rather than split.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-06
-
[7]Gato-class profile (ships-worktrees class-f/gato-class.class.json) - class-level propulsion, asbestos-relevant pathways, and the Drum SS-228/SSN-677 collision rule [other_primary]
- Locator
- class-f/gato-class.class.json (house class profile)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Gato-class context: diesel-electric fleet submarines with no boilers or steam plant; era-consistent asbestos pathways for the class include diesel-exhaust lagging, engine gaskets and packing, acoustic/thermal hull insulation, galley and refrigeration materials, and battery/electrical materials. The class profile codifies the collision rule used above: 'USS Drum' in litigation can mean SS-228 or SSN-677; pre-1968 references identify SS-228, reactor-compartment/Mare Island 1968 references identify SSN-677.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1940-1946 (era)
- Population
- Gato-class construction and maintenance trades (era context)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - does not establish that any asbestos-containing material is or was installed aboard SS-228, and does not establish quantity or present-day presence. No hull-specific insulation survey or material list was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-07
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 searches (2026-09-16/18): "USS Drum" type=r; "SS-228" type=r/o; "Drum" asbestos type=r/o [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-drum-ss228-06 through sl-uss-drum-ss228-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Beyond the Dryfka pleading (above), no other qualifying asbestos litigation naming THIS hull (SS-228) was located: 'USS Drum' RECAP returned 8 cases of which Dryfka is the only SS-228 candidate; 'SS-228' returned 27 document hits, all boiler-part/string collisions or SSN-677 matters; Lyautey v. Alfa Laval and Lemaster v. Allis-Chalmers 'drum' references are boiler components, not the vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-16/18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public docket does not prove absence of exposure or of filings - state-court and non-digitized records are not covered, and CourtListener indexes are not exhaustive. The Dryfka allegation's outcome beyond the removal notice was not traced.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-drum-ss228-08