Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]DANFS, 'Dynamic' I (AM-91/PC-1595) entry - official Naval Historical Center text verified verbatim from Wayback capture 2004-03-02 of history.navy.mil/danfs/d6/dynamic-i.htm (live history.navy.mil page 404s on all tried URL patterns - standing link rot; the hazegray/losthistory.net mine/am91.htm mirror carries only the Dynamic II AM-432 entry, not this entry) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Dynamic' I entry, spec block + full narrative (Wayback capture 20040302191418 of history.navy.mil/danfs/d6/dynamic-i.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official DANFS record for this hull (spec block: dp. 295; l. 173'8"; b. 23'; dr. 11'7"; s. 17 k.; cpl. 65; a. 1 3"; cl. Adroit): launched 26 May 1942 by Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; sponsored by Mrs. P. M. O'Laughlin; commissioned 15 September 1942, Lieutenant D. D. Long, Jr., USNR, in command. Service: arrived Norfolk 22 November [1942] and assigned to Local Defense Force, Bermuda - patrolled off Bermuda and escorted convoys to Norfolk and Key West; on 1 June 1944 her name was canceled and her classification changed to PC-1595. As PC-1595: sailed from Norfolk 4 July 1944 for the Mediterranean; arrived Bizerte, Tunisia, 23 July; escorted LST-995 to Naples; screened an assault convoy to Ajaccio, Corsica, from which the group sortied 14 August for the invasion of southern France; covered the landings at Baie de Briande 18 August, then sailed on the 22d to escort convoys between Naples and Palermo; arrived Baie de Bon Porte 4 September for escort duty along the coast of France and Italy. Arrived Oran, Algeria, 21 May 1945, and six days later sailed with 11 other PCs for Charleston, S.C., arriving 13 June after calling at the Azores and Bermuda; reported to Jacksonville, Fla., two days later; decommissioned 19 November 1945; transferred to the Maritime Commission 21 October 1946 for disposal. PC-1595 received one battle star for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction trades (Neville Island, Pittsburgh, 1942); wartime crew 1942-45 (design complement 65 as AM; ~105 as PC); Jacksonville inactivation workforce (1945)
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for identity, launch, commissioning, service narrative, reclassification, and administrative fate. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Silent on: keel laying (16 Jan 1942 per NavSource), striking (8 Dec 1945 per NavSource), machinery type, the reserve-fleet berthing site, and post-Maritime-Commission disposition. The launch sponsor is given as 'Mrs. P. M. O'Laughlin' - NavSource's DANFS transcription reads 'Miss Judith A. Erwin' (see correction row ev-10); the official NHC text is carried. Does not state which action the single battle star covered.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-01
-
[2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - 'PC-1595 ex-Dynamic (AM 91)', file 11/02091 (page by Joseph M. Radigan & David Wright; navsource.org unreachable this session - cited via Wayback capture 2024-11-14) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/02091 - chronology block, specifications block, propulsion line, CO list (Wayback capture 20241114183746)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull record: 'Adroit Class Minesweeper'; call sign Nan-Able-Baker-Roger. Chronology: laid down 16 January 1942 by the Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburg[h], PA - the only located source giving a laid-down date; launched 26 May 1942; commissioned USS Dynamic (AM 91) 15 September 1942; reclassified submarine chaser PC-1595, 1 June 1944; decommissioned 19 November 1945 at Jacksonville, FL and laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs, FL; struck from the Naval Register 8 December 1945; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 21 October 1946; 'Fate unknown.' Spec block: 295 t.; 173'8"; 23'; draft 6'6"; 16 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm mount, five 20mm mounts, two depth-charge tracks, two depth-charge projectors; propulsion two 900hp Cooper Bessemer GNB8 diesel engines, Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts. CO list: LT David Donald Long, Jr., USNR (15 Sep 1942-24 May 1943); LCDR Walter Patrick Wrenn, Jr., USNR (24 May 1943-31 Jan 1944); LT Carl Carmichael, USNR (31 Jan 1944); LT Lewis Horard Nightengale, USNR (28 Jun 1944); LT Lloyd Henry Barbee, USNR (9 Jan 1945-19 Nov 1945).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction workforce (Pittsburgh, Jan-Sep 1942); Navy crew 1942-45; Green Cove Springs reserve-fleet caretakers (1945-46)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed and consistent with DANFS on all overlapping points; contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim. Its embedded DANFS transcription reads sponsor 'Miss Judith A. Erwin' where the official NHC DANFS text reads 'Mrs. P. M. O'Laughlin' - flagged in correction row ev-10, not silently merged. Draft (6'6" vs DANFS 11'7") and speed (16 vs 17 kts) variances match the class-wide configuration split documented for sisters; laid-down and strike dates rest on NavSource alone. 'Fate unknown' after the 1946 MC transfer.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-02
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory (Tim Colton), 'Dravo Corporation - Ships/Boats, Pittsburgh PA' yard table - 'Dynamic (AM 91)' row [other_primary]
- Locator
- dravoboats.htm - 'Dynamic (AM 91)' row + Dravo Neville Island yard history header; sisters rows AM-89..AM-93
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's-yard production record for this hull: 'Dynamic (AM 91) | U.S. Navy | Minesweeper | 295 | 15-Sep-42 | PC 1595, sold 1946' - corroborating the DANFS commissioning date, the 295-ton displacement, the PC-1595 reclassification, and adding a 'sold 1946' disposition detail consistent with the documented 21 Oct 1946 Maritime Commission transfer. The same table lists her consecutive Dravo-built sisters (AM-89 Despite, AM-90 Direct, AM-92 Effective, AM-93 Engage) - confirming Dravo Pittsburgh's five-ship block (AM-89..AM-93) of the 18-hull Adroit class. Yard history header: Dravo's Neville Island shipyard was started in 1919, activated by the Navy for WWII to build LSTs with a $12mm investment, became a ship-scrapping facility for a few years postwar, then returned to inland barges and towboats; closed 1983.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Dravo Corp. Neville Island shipyard workforce (Pittsburgh, 1941-42)
- Limitations
- Compiler's yard table, secondary - consistent with DANFS on builder and delivery/commissioning date; no yard hull number is assigned in the row. 'Sold 1946' is consistent with the MC disposal transfer but names no buyer - disposition detail beyond that is undocumented. The table covers self-propelled vessels only (a separate table covers Dravo barges; Dravo's Wilmington DE yard is a different table). Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-03
-
[4]HyperWar, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' - PC-1595 register page; Adroit-class minecraft register (ships-dm.html) - compiled from official U.S. Navy Ships' Data [other_primary]
- Locator
- HyperWar PC/PC-1595.html register block; ships-dm.html#adroit class table ('All converted to Submarine Chasers (PC)' 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official-derived register corroboration: the PC-1595 register entry reads 'PC-1568 class Submarine Chaser (ex Adroit class Minesweeper): Displacement 450 tons; Length 173'8"; Beam 23'; Draft 11'7"; Speed 17 knots; Armament 1 3"/50, 1 40mm; Complement 105; Cooper Bessemer diesel engine, twin screws, 1,770 shaft hp. Built at Dravo Corp and commissioned as AM-91 1942; Converted to Sub Chaser (PC-1595) 1944.' The Adroit-class minecraft register lists all 18 hulls (AM-82 through AM-99) with the note 'All converted to Submarine Chasers (PC)' in 1944 - this hull's 1 June 1944 reclassification was a class-wide administrative redesignation, not a unique refit.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Wartime crew 1944-45 (PC configuration, register complement 105)
- Limitations
- Compilation of official Ships' Data hosted by HyperWar - one transcription layer from the primary register. The PC-configuration figures (450 t, 105 complement, 11'7" draft, 17 kts) describe the PC-1595 fit and differ from the AM-configuration figures (295 t, 65, 6'6" draft, 16 kts) - configuration variance, not error; both documented. The '1,770 shaft hp' reads as a total; NavSource's 'two 900hp' engines (1,800 total) diverge - flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-04
-
[5]Consolidated era/design inference - NavSource spec block (two Cooper Bessemer GNB8 diesels, Farrel-Birmingham gear, two shafts) and the documented construction timeline (laid down 16 Jan 1942, launched 26 May 1942, commissioned 15 Sep 1942, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh PA), with era literature (Fleischer et al. 1946; Corn & Starr 1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 02091 spec block (propulsion line); DANFS construction/service chronology; HyperWar PC-1595 register; PMID 21016030; DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull is diesel-powered - two Cooper Bessemer GNB8 engines, two shafts - so the boiler/fireroom steam pathway documented for steam vessels does NOT apply. Asbestos-relevant phases for this hull are: (1) 1942 new construction at Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh PA (a PC-461-derived steel hull completed as a minesweeper); (2) wartime maintenance/repair periods not individually documented; and (3) the 1945 Jacksonville inactivation and Green Cove Springs reserve-fleet lay-up. The documented construction window falls within the era when insulation in naval construction was asbestos-standard (Fleischer et al. 1946). Period-typical asbestos applications for a small diesel combatant of this design concentrate in: diesel exhaust and muffler lagging; valve and flange gaskets on engine and auxiliary systems; machinery packing; bulkhead and accommodation insulation/fireproofing; electrical cable insulation; deck coverings; winch/windlass brake linings; and paints/cements. The 1 June 1944 PC-1595 reclassification is documented as a designation change (name canceled) - a class-wide administrative redesignation with no conversion yard period documented in located sources, though some fitting-out work is plausible and undocumented. Disposal-era disturbance undocumented: transferred to the Maritime Commission 21 Oct 1946 ('sold 1946' per Colton) with subsequent fate unknown - breaking or conversion, if any, unrecorded in located sources.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1946+
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction workforce (Pittsburgh, 1942); Navy crew incl. engine-room personnel (1942-45); undocumented wartime repair workforces; Jacksonville/Green Cove Springs inactivation and reserve-fleet workforce (1945-46); any post-1946 breaking/conversion workers (fate unknown)
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, material schedule, work package, or docketed case naming this hull was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation. A 295-ton diesel minesweeper/sub-chaser carried a less asbestos-intensive machinery plant than steam vessels of the era, but the material scope of her 1942 build and any wartime repairs is undocumented; whether asbestos materials were installed, removed, or remained at disposal is unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-05
-
[6]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction, the same program under which this hull was built (1942) at a civilian contract yard (Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in wartime naval construction generally; does not name this vessel or the builder yard, and the survey's fieldwork postdates this hull's construction window - it establishes program-level practice, not this contract's materials. The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized. Establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-06
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this hull was built in 1942 - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder and does not establish that asbestos was or remained aboard this hull (fate unknown after 1946), nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-07
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place for decades unless a yard period disturbed it.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; GAO fieldwork was at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, not this vessel's yards, and the report postdates this hull's naval service (disposed 1946) by three decades. Supports era context for Navy asbestos practice generally, not any fact specific to this hull; full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - description via product page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-08
-
[9]Batch-1443 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback NHC 2004 capture + NHHC live check + hazegray mirror check; NavSource 11/02091 via Wayback; ShipbuildingHistory Dravo Pittsburgh yard table; HyperWar registers (PC-1595, ships-dm Adroit); NVR hull pages; shipscribe; CourtListener (blocked - API 429); indexed-web litigation checks; VA BVA index; NARA catalog proxy (war diaries, muster rolls); shipyards.json cross-check; DANFS Dynamic II (AM-432) disambiguation entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-dynamic-am91-01 through sl-uss-dynamic-am91-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, preservation record, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Dynamic / AM-91 / PC-1595 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Indexed-web litigation checks surface the Wineland litigation naming 'USS Dynamic' - hull-checked to the separate AM-432/MSO-432 hull (1963-66 service window), not this one (see correction row ev-10); no AM-91/PC-1595 litigation hit located. The hull appears on mesothelioma.com's minesweeper marketing table ('USS Dynamic | AM-91 | Adroit | 9/15/1942 | To Maritime Commission, 1946' plus a second row for the separate AM-432) and mesotheliomahelp.org's generic ship list - banned sources, checked only for exclusion logging, cited nowhere. Disambiguation: the second USS Dynamic (AM-432/MSO-432, Agile class, Colberg Boat Works, 1953-1970s) and USS Dynamic (AFDL-6, auxiliary floating drydock, delivered 1944) are separate hulls; no qualifying record for this hull located.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 steel naval combatant is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her construction, undocumented wartime repairs, and unknown post-1946 disposition are all uncharacterized disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Litigation coverage is incomplete this session: the CourtListener API returned HTTP 429 (2,800/day shared quota exhausted; retry-after ~14,568 s) - the mandated exact-name + hull-number API sweep is logged as blocked, not as a completed negative; indexed-web checks found only the MSO-432-hull Wineland collision and unrelated name noise.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-09
-
[10]Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp., No. C19-0793RSL (W.D. Wash.) - Order Granting Crane Co.'s Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. 304), reported at 539 F. Supp. 3d 1149 (W.D. Wash. May 17, 2021, Lasnik, J.); companion reported order 523 F. Supp. 3d 1245 (Mar. 4, 2021) granting Puget Sound Commerce Center/Todd Shipyards' MSJ; additional unreported MSJ orders (Alfa Laval Dkt. 313; Anchor/Darling Dkt. 309; Robertshaw Dkt. 311; Warren Pumps Dkt. 348; Carrier Dkt. 427) [court_record]
- Locator
- Dkt. 304 order (539 F. Supp. 3d 1149) factual recitation ('worked aboard... USS DYNAMIC (1963-1966)'); Alfa Laval Dkt. 313 order same window
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Name-collision litigation record: the published asbestos litigation naming 'USS Dynamic' is Wineland v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp. (W.D. Wash. 2019-2021), in which the decedent John Dale Wineland served aboard USS Dynamic 1963-1966 - i.e., aboard the SECOND Dynamic (AM-432, reclassified MSO-432 1955, Agile-class, Colberg Boat Works, commissioned Dec 1953), not this hull, which was disposed of in 1946. The complaint alleged exposure to asbestos from defendants' products (Crane valves, Alfa Laval purifiers, DeLaval pumps, etc.) aboard Dynamic and other ships; the court granted the defendants' summary-judgment motions on causation grounds (insufficient evidence that exposure to each defendant's products was a substantial contributing factor). For this hull (AM-91/PC-1595): non-qualifying - a name collision against a separate, later hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1963-1966 alleged exposure; 2021 orders
- Population
- USS Dynamic (MSO-432) engine-room crew, 1963-66 (other hull - context only)
- Limitations
- Hull-check correction, not an AM-91 finding: the 1963-66 service window postdates this hull's 1946 disposal by 17 years and falls inside the second Dynamic's (MSO-432) commissioned life; the orders' ship references are the plaintiffs' allegations recited by the court, and the exposure claims were never adjudicated on the merits - every located order is a defense summary-judgment win on causation, i.e., a merits-level negative for that plaintiff, not exposure evidence for any vessel. Citation_url points to the defendant-side law firm's hosted copy of the signed Dkt. 304 order (primary document image); the published cite is 539 F. Supp. 3d 1149. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility for either hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-10
-
[11]NARA catalog (queried via public proxy this session): WWII War Diaries file units for USS DYNAMIC (12/43, 2/44, 3/44, 4/44, 5/44 - microfilm rolls A794, A835, A902, A939, A972; Fold3-scanned) and USS PC-1595 (monthly units 7/44 through 11/45, incl. 11/1-19/45 covering the decommissioning); muster-rolls item 'Dynamic' (file unit id 127470072, 442 scanned images, Ancestry partnership); RG 24 deck logs; RG 19 Bureau of Ships records; Maritime Commission disposal records for PC-1595 (1946) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov items 78410904, 78439498, 78276291, 78379651, 78313452 (USS DYNAMIC war diaries); 78565050, 134365807, 77566964 et al. (USS PC-1595 war diaries); 127470072 (muster rolls 'Dynamic')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (catalog-level hits verified this session; contents not reviewed page-by-page): (a) NARA WWII War Diaries - digitized monthly file units exist for this hull under both identities: 'USS DYNAMIC' Dec 1943-May 1944 (the months straddling the Bermuda LDF assignment up to the 1 Jun 1944 reclassification) and 'USS PC-1595' Jul 1944-Nov 1945 (the Mediterranean service and inactivation, incl. 11/1-19/45) - these would document any wartime repair/yard periods and the circumstances of the reclassification; (b) muster-rolls file unit 'Dynamic' (127470072, 442 images - personnel records, not materials); (c) NARA RG 24 deck logs for the commissioned period (1942-45); (d) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships records / Booklets of General Plans and the Navy contract file for the Dravo Neville Island Adroit block (AM-89..93) - the plausible home of hull-level material schedules; (e) the Maritime Commission disposal file for PC-1595 (Oct 1946) - the resolution path for the 'fate unknown'/'sold 1946' gap (buyer, scrapping vs resale).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1946 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and catalog-item mapping only - file-unit contents were not reviewed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for AM-91/PC-1595 is unknown until surveyed. War diaries and muster rolls are operations/personnel records, not materials documentation. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-dynamic-am91-11