USS Effective (AM-92)

Evidence

13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).

1. [1]DANFS, 'Effective I (AM-92)' - official NHHC page via Wayback capture 20250219181055 (live history.navy.mil URL returns 404 - standing link rot, same as BATCH-01/1135/1433; 23 captures 2016-2025) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   Wayback capture 20250219181055 of history.navy.mil DANFS 'Effective I (AM-92)' - spec block + service narrative + battle-star line

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Official DANFS record for this hull: spec block 'AM-92: displacement 295; length 173'8"; beam 23'; draft 11'7"; speed 17 knots; complement 65; armament 1 3-inch; class Adroit.' 'The first U.S. Navy ship named for the general word classification.' 'Effective (AM-92) was launched on 13 June 1942 by Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; sponsored by Mrs. B. H. Rhoads; and commissioned on 1 October 1942, Lt. Comdr. A. A. Campbell, USNR, in command. She was reclassified to PC-1596 on 1 June 1944.' Service per DANFS: sailed from New Orleans 11 November 1942; called at Key West and Charleston; arrived Norfolk 8 January 1943; after intensive training arrived in Bermuda in February; remained there on patrol and local escort, with occasional escort voyages to ports on the east coast, until 7 July 1944, when she sailed from Bermuda and rendezvoused with a convoy bound for the Mediterranean. 'On 15 August 1944, PC-1596 saw action during Operation Dragoon, landings by the U.S. VI and Free French II Corps in southern France. She continued to support the operation by escorting convoys among various Mediterranean ports, training and patrol. She departed Oran, Algeria, on 27 May 1945 for the east coast and arrived at Jacksonville, Fla., in June. She was decommissioned on 9 November 1945, and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal on 30 July 1946.' 'PC-1596 received one battle star for her World War II service.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1942-1946

   Population

   Dravo Neville Island construction trades (1942); wartime crew (design complement 65)

   Limitations

   DANFS documents identity, builder, dates, service narrative, and battle-star credit - not materials or asbestos content. It carries no laid-down date (NavSource's 9 Feb 1942 carried, conflicts flagged in ev-09). Its launch date '13 June 1942' conflicts with NavSource/uboat.net/naval-cover-museum '12 June 1942' - flagged in ev-09. Its spec block prints draft 11'7" and speed 17 knots - the PC-fit/full-load figures - while NavSource's per-hull block prints 6'6" and 16 kts; flagged in ev-09. Official page cited via Wayback capture because the live URL returns 404.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-01

2. [2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - PC-1596 ex-Effective (AM 92), file 11/02092 [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource 11/02092 - chronology block, specifications block, propulsion line (engine serials), CO roster (5 COs), call sign, NARA photo credit 19-N-1595

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource per-hull record: 'Adroit Class Minesweeper'; laid down 9 February 1942 by the Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, PA; launched 12 June 1942; commissioned USS Effective (AM 92), 1 October 1942; 'Reclassified as a Submarine Chaser, PC-1596, 1 June 1944'; decommissioned 9 November 1945 at Jacksonville, FL; 'Struck from the Naval Register 28 November 1945'; 'Transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 30 July 1946 and sold to Mechanical Equipment of New Orleans, LA. Fate unknown.' Call sign Nan-Able-Charlie-King. Spec block: 295 t; 173'8"; 23' beam; 6'6" draft; 16 kts; complement 65; armament one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, one 40mm mount, five 20mm mounts, two depth-charge tracks and two depth-charge projectors; propulsion 'Two 900hp Cooper Bessemer GNB8 diesel engines (Serial No. 1975 and 1976), Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts.' Photo credit: NARA 19-N-1595, image dated 6 March 1944 (Bob Daly/PC-1181 collection). Commanding-officer roster of five: LCDR Albert Alexander Campbell, USNR (1 Oct 1942); LT Lawrence Howard Reybine, USNR (22 May 1943); LT David Crockett, USN (6 Aug 1943); LT James Creichton McKay, USNR (4 Jun 1944 - Aug 1945); LT W. J. Taylor, USNR (Aug 1945 - 9 Nov 1945).

   Verification

   partial

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1942-1946

   Population

   Dravo Neville Island trades (1942); commissioned crew (65)

   Limitations

   Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with DANFS on commissioning, reclassification, decommissioning, and disposal dates. Its laid-down '9 February 1942' conflicts with uboat.net '31 Jan 1942' and the Wikipedia infobox '9 January 1942' - flagged in ev-09; DANFS carries no laid-down date. Its launch '12 June 1942' conflicts with DANFS '13 June 1942' - flagged. Its propulsion line ('Two 900hp' - with hull-specific engine serials 1975/1976) conflicts with the NavSource class index's 'two 1,770 bhp' reading - flagged in ev-09. Crockett listed USN here vs USNR at uboat.net - minor variance flagged. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-02

3. [3]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), 'Dravo Corporation - Ships/Boats, Pittsburgh PA' yard table - Effective (AM 92) row + yard history header [other_primary]

   Locator

   shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/dravoboats.htm - AM 92 Effective row + AM 89-93 sister rows + yard-history header

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Yard-table row for this hull: 'Effective (AM 92) | U.S. Navy | Minesweeper | 295 | | 1-Oct-42 | PC 1596, sold 1946' - the delivery date matching the 1 October 1942 commissioning exactly. Sisters in sequence: Despite (AM 89, 31-Aug-42, 'PC 1593, sold 1948 as Mustang'), Direct (AM 90, 31-Aug-42, 'PC 1594, sold 1946'), Dynamic (AM 91, 15-Sep-42, 'PC 1595, sold 1946'), Engage (AM 93, 22-Oct-42, 'PC 1597, to the Dom. Rep. 1946 as Cibao (P-103)') - the Dravo-built block of the class per the NavSource class index (AM-89 through AM-93, the Bermuda units). Yard history header: 'Dravo's Neville Island shipyard, in Pittsburgh, was started in 1919. It was activated by the Navy for WWII, to build LSTs, with an investment of $12mm. After the war it was a ship scrapping facility for a few years and then returned to building inland river barges and towboats. It closed in 1983.' The AM-block rows carry no yard hull number (Hull # column blank).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1919-1983 (yard history); 1941-1946 (this hull's row)

   Population

   Dravo Neville Island workforce (Pittsburgh, PA, 1942; yard closed 1983)

   Limitations

   Compiler's yard table, secondary - corroborates builder, type, tonnage (295 consistent with DANFS standard displacement), delivery (1-Oct-42 = commissioning), and disposal milestone ('PC 1596, sold 1946' consistent with the 30 July 1946 Maritime Commission transfer; the Naval Marine Archive table reads 'sold 1948' - flagged in ev-09). Its 'Dynamic (AM 91)' matches NavSource/DANFS; the 1941 Navy Filing Manual prints 'Dynamite' - naming variance noted. A yard table does not carry keel/launch dates. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-03

4. [4]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser (SC/PC) photo index - 'Submarine Chaser 173-foot Steel Hull' class narrative covering the PC-461 type and the Adroit-class minecraft variant [other_primary]

   Locator

   navsource.net/archives/12/01idx.htm - 'Submarine Chaser 173' Steel Hull' header narrative + Adroit-class paragraphs

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Class-level construction narrative: the WWII 173-foot patrol craft was 'steel hulled, twin diesel propelled'; 'in addition to 403 173-foot PC-class patrol craft ordered for the U.S. Navy in 1941, eighteen 173-foot hulls were ordered for use as minesweepers, as the Adroit class' - given names AM-82 through AM-99 (Adroit, Advent, Annoy, Conflict, Constant, Daring, Dash, Despite, Direct, Dynamic, Effective, Engage, Excel, Exploit, Fidelity, Fierce, Firm, Force). 'The other 11 operated initially either from Bermuda (AM-89 to 93) or from mainland U.S. bases, again as convoy escorts' - this hull's documented Bermuda-station block. 'Only the Annoy (AM-84) is recorded as having been used to sweep for mines ... the others principally were employed as convoy escorts.' 'That they were far more useful in an antisubmarine role than as minecraft was realized quickly, and the 11 Atlantic units were cycled through the Norfolk Navy Yard during May and June 1944 to have their mine countermeasures gear removed and additional antisubmarine and antiaircraft ordnance added. The Pacific units were modified at Pearl Harbor.' 'On 1 June 1944, all 18 lost their names and were reclassified PC-1586 through 1603.' 'Of the 11 Atlantic units, PC-1593-1597 were sent to the Mediterranean, where they saw service during the landings in France in August 1944 and elsewhere as local escorts. They returned to Jacksonville, Florida, in June 1945, seeing no further action' - PC-1596 inside the documented Mediterranean group. 'At 450 tons full load, the Adroit class displaced 18 tons more than did the PCs. All but the last four built were propelled by two 1,770 brake horsepower Cooper-Bessemer GNB-8 diesels; AM-96-99 were given 1,440 brake horsepower Busch-Sulzer BS 539 diesels ... able to achieve 16.8 knots at 330 tons displacement ... about 4,000 nautical miles at 12 knots, and the normal crew comprised four officers and 61 enlisted personnel.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1941-1945

   Population

   Construction trades at the five class yards (1941-43); Norfolk Navy Yard modification workers (May-June 1944, Atlantic units); wartime crews

   Limitations

   Class-level description that names this hull's design family, station block (Bermuda = AM-89-93), conversion yard for Atlantic units (Norfolk Navy Yard, May-June 1944 - whether THIS hull's conversion physically occurred there is not stated for AM-92; DANFS has her at Bermuda until 7 July 1944, compatible with a May-June stateside yard period but unverified at hull level), and Mediterranean deployment block (PC-1593-1597 includes PC-1596) - but carries no hull-specific materials information. Its 'two 1,770 bhp Cooper-Bessemer GNB-8 diesels' conflicts with the per-hull NavSource spec block's 'Two 900hp' - flagged in ev-09; carried unreconciled. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-04

5. [5]HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' - PC-1596 (USS Effective) specification page (Patrick Clancey compilation, sourced from official-type references per its methodology note) [other_primary]

   Locator

   ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/PC/PC-1596.html - specification block (compiled 1997)

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   PC-configuration spec block for this hull: 'PC-1568 class Submarine Chaser (ex Adroit class Minesweeper): Displacement: 450 tons; Length: 173'8"; Beam: 23'; Draft: 11'7"; Speed: 17 knots; Armament: 1 3"/50, 1 40mm; Complement: 105; Cooper Bessemer diesel engine, twin screws, 1,770 shaft hp. Built at Dravo Corp and commissioned as AM-92 1942; Converted to Sub Chaser (PC-1596) 1944.' The 450-ton figure matches the NavSource class index's full-load displacement ('At 450 tons full load, the Adroit class displaced 18 tons more than did the PCs'); DANFS's 295 is the standard/design displacement.

   Verification

   partial

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1944-1945 (PC configuration)

   Population

   n/a (specification record)

   Limitations

   Secondary compilation; its complement (105) and draft (11'7") conflict with NavSource (65; 6'6") - likely PC-fit vs AM-fit figures, unresolved; note the official DANFS-online spec block for this hull also prints 11'7"/17 kts, so the PC-fit reading has wider attestation for AM-92 than for sister AM-82. Its '1,770 shaft hp' is a total-plant reading between NavSource's 900-hp-per-engine (1,800) and the class index's 1,770-bhp-per-engine (3,540) - flagged in ev-09. Contains no asbestos information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-05

6. [6]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII - USS Effective (AM 92) warship record incl. Convoy UGS-47 escort event (7 July 1944) [other_primary]

   Locator

   uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/9255.html - ship data block + UGS-47 convoy log (7-23 July 1944 entries, PC-1596 escort mentions)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Specialist warship record: 'Minesweeper of the Adroit class'; pennant AM 92; built by Dravo Corp. (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania); ordered 1 Apr 1941; laid down 31 Jan 1942; launched 12 Jun 1942; commissioned 1 Oct 1942; end service 9 Nov 1945; 'Reclassified as patrol craft PC-1596 on 1 June 1944. Decommissioned on 9 November 1945.' CO list matches the NavSource roster (Campbell 1 Oct 1942 - 22 May 1943; Reybine 22 May - 6 Aug 1943; Crockett 6 Aug 1943 - Jun 1944, listed USNR; McKay Jun 1944 - mid 1945; Taylor mid 1945). Notable event, verbatim from the UGS-47 convoy log: 'Around 0610Q/7, the patrol vessels USS PC-1593 (Lt.(jg) J.A. Foley, USNR), USS PC-1594 (Lt. G.A. Tredick, Jr., USNR) and USS PC-1596 (Lt. J.C. McKay, USNR) joined the convoy coming from Bermuda' - Convoy UGS-47 had departed Hampton Roads 4 July 1944; PC-1596 and sisters PC-1593/1594 joined out of Bermuda on 7 July 1944; the convoy proceeded through the Mediterranean with British escort relief ~23 July. This corroborates DANFS's 'rendezvoused with a convoy bound for the Mediterranean' at convoy-and-date resolution.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1941-1945

   Population

   Wartime crew under LT J.C. McKay, USNR (convoy escort, Mediterranean transit)

   Limitations

   Specialist secondary compilation - the convoy log excerpt is detailed and consistent with the official DANFS narrative, but uboat.net is a non-official compilation and its laid-down '31 Jan 1942' conflicts with NavSource '9 February 1942' and Wikipedia infobox '9 January 1942' - flagged in ev-09. Crockett listed USNR here vs USN at NavSource - minor variance flagged. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-06

7. [7]Consolidated era/design inference - documented construction and machinery (NavSource class index: steel-hulled, twin-diesel PC-461-type hull; 'two 1,770 bhp Cooper-Bessemer GNB-8 diesels'; NavSource per-hull spec block: 'Two 900hp Cooper Bessemer GNB8 ... Serial No. 1975 and 1976 ... two shafts') + documented builder and construction era (DANFS; Colton Dravo table, 1942) [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource 12/01idx class narrative (steel hull, machinery, class conversion) + 11/02092 propulsion line (engine serials); DANFS construction/service dates; Colton dravoboats.htm yard row

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Era/design inference: this hull is a 1942-built, steel-hulled, twin-diesel vessel - a PC-461-type hull completed as a minesweeper - with no boilers and no steam distribution, so its insulation load was materially lighter than a steam combatant's but not negligible: a steel hull still carried accommodation joiner work, electrical systems, and machinery requiring lagging and gasketing, and construction fell squarely inside the Navy's asbestos-use era (substitution did not begin until the early 1970s). Era-typical asbestos applications for a vessel of this type and period: engine and exhaust-system lagging on the two diesels and generator sets; machinery gaskets and packing; electrical-cable insulation; joiner/accommodation insulation; deck coverings/floor tile of the period; winch and windlass brake linings. Exposure-relevant populations if any such material was present: Dravo Neville Island construction trades (Pittsburgh, 1942); the commissioned crew (~65) across the 1942-44 Bermuda patrol/escort station and the 1944-45 Mediterranean service including Operation Dragoon; Norfolk Navy Yard workers IF this hull's documented Atlantic-unit conversion occurred there (class-documented for all 11 Atlantic units May-June 1944; hull-level attendance unverified); Jacksonville deactivation workers (1945); and the Maritime Commission / Mechanical Equipment of New Orleans disposal workforce (1946).

   Verification

   inferred

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1941-1946

   Population

   Dravo trades 1942; crew 1942-45; Norfolk Navy Yard workers May-Jun 1944 (class-documented Atlantic-unit conversion yard - hull attendance unverified); Jacksonville deactivation workers 1945; MC/Mechanical Equipment disposal workforce 1946

   Limitations

   Inference from documented design, machinery type, and construction era - NOT a hull materials record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming AM-92/PC-1596 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. The diesel (non-steam) plant weakens the inference relative to steam vessels of the same era, though the steel hull and 1942 construction keep it within the asbestos-era window.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-07

8. [8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product-page description (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch - standing condition since BATCH-01); and T.J. Bigley (Navy) letter to GAO, 5 Jan 1979, as quoted in 'The Asbestos Health Hazards Compensation Act,' Journal of Legislation (Notre Dame) 10(1) [gao]

   Locator

   gao.gov/products/hrd-80-2 product page; Notre Dame J. Legislation 10(1), 'The Asbestos Health Hazards Compensation Act' (scholarship.law.nd.edu/jleg/vol10/iss1/3) quoting Bigley letter of 5 Jan 1979

   Finding type

   gov_survey

   Finding

   Program-level documentation of the asbestos window containing this hull's entire construction and commission: GAO HRD-80-2 records that the Navy's product specifications for thermal insulation were changed in 1973 to specify asbestos-free materials, but asbestos materials already purchased were still installed - 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978'; the Navy's elimination policy issued October 1975. A Navy letter to GAO dated 5 January 1979 (T.J. Bigley to Robert F. Hughes, quoted in the Notre Dame Journal of Legislation) states: 'all ships presently in service contain some quantity of asbestos.' AM-92/PC-1596 was built 1942 and in commission 1942-45 - entirely inside the pre-1973 as-built asbestos era.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1973-1979 policy window documented; hull era 1942-1946

   Population

   Navy personnel and shipyard workers, service-wide (era context)

   Limitations

   Program/era-level documentation; neither source names this vessel, class, or builder. GAO's fieldwork concerned shipyard workers (Long Beach, Norfolk). The 'all ships' statement is quoted from a primary letter via a law-review source - the letter itself was not retrieved. gao.gov returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch (standing since Batch 01); the product-page description was relied on. Establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure - and for a diesel-plant vessel the proposition applies with materially reduced scope.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-08

9. [9]Source-discrepancy resolution - DANFS (Wayback capture of official NHHC page) vs NavSource 11/02092 + 12/01idx class index vs HyperWar PC-1596 spec block vs Colton Dravo yard table vs uboat.net 9255 vs Naval Marine Archive minesweeper table vs navalcovermuseum.org vs Wikipedia [other_primary]

   Locator

   Wayback DANFS capture; navsource.net/archives/11/02092.htm + 12/01idx.htm; ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/PC/PC-1596.html; shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/dravoboats.htm; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/9255.html; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/smallships/minesweepers1.html; navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/PC_1596; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Effective_(AM-92); stuartmortuary.com obituary

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   Source discrepancies logged, not silently merged: (a) Laid down - three-way conflict: NavSource '9 February 1942' (navalcovermuseum and Wikipedia article text agree) vs uboat.net '31 Jan 1942' vs Wikipedia infobox '9 January 1942' - NavSource carried; DANFS carries no laid-down date. (b) Launched - DANFS/Wikipedia infobox '13 June 1942' vs NavSource/uboat.net/navalcovermuseum/Wikipedia article text '12 June 1942' - DANFS (official) carried; conflict flagged. (c) Displacement - DANFS/NavSource '295' vs HyperWar/class index '450 tons' - resolved as standard/design vs full-load conventions per the class index ('At 450 tons full load ... 18 tons more than did the PCs'). (d) Draft - NavSource '6'6"' vs DANFS-online spec block/HyperWar/Wikipedia '11'7"' - likely AM-fit vs PC-fit figures; unresolved. (e) Speed - NavSource '16 kts' vs DANFS-online/HyperWar/Wikipedia '17 knots' vs class index '16.8 knots at 330 tons' - consistent range, variants flagged. (f) Complement - DANFS/NavSource '65' and class index 'four officers and 61 enlisted' (=65) vs Wikipedia infobox '66' vs HyperWar '105' - likely AM-fit vs PC-fit crew; unresolved. (g) Propulsion - NavSource per-hull 'Two 900hp Cooper Bessemer GNB8 (Serial No. 1975 and 1976)' (=1,800 total) vs class index 'two 1,770 brake horsepower Cooper-Bessemer GNB-8 diesels' (=3,540) vs HyperWar '1,770 shaft hp' (total) vs Wikipedia infobox '2 x 1,770 bhp' - the engine type (Cooper-Bessemer GNB-8, two, twin screw, hull-specific serials 1975/1976) is consistent; the per-engine/total rating is unresolved across sources. (h) Disposal - NavSource/DANFS/Wikipedia 'transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 30 July 1946' + NavSource 'sold to Mechanical Equipment of New Orleans, LA ... Fate unknown' vs Colton 'PC 1596, sold 1946' vs Naval Marine Archive 'sold 1948' - the 1946 MarCom transfer carried; sale year conflicts (1946 vs 1948) flagged; post-sale fate undocumented. (i) CO roster - NavSource and uboat.net agree (Campbell, Reybine, Crockett, McKay, Taylor) except Crockett listed USN (NavSource) vs USNR (uboat.net); McKay confirmed in command 7 Jul 1944 by the UGS-47 convoy log. (j) Veteran-obituary itinerary - the Stuart Mortuary obituary for crew member Fred Douglas Page Sr. describes the ship transiting 'the Panama Canal' to 'California' after the European war - contradicted by the documented record (decommissioned Jacksonville, FL, 9 Nov 1945; she never returned to the Pacific) - treated as a memory-account error, flagged in ev-11's limitations; the obituary's crew/command detail (aboard under 'Officer James McKay') does match the official CO roster. (k) AM-91 sister name - NavSource/DANFS/Colton/NMA 'Dynamic' vs 1941 Navy Filing Manual 'Dynamite' - 'Dynamic' carried.

   Verification

   partial

   Role

   correction

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-22

   Study period

   1941-1948

   Limitations

   Resolves publication-level discrepancies among the official DANFS text and secondary compilations, adopting the better-supported values and flagging the rest. None of the sources bears on asbestos; the spec conflicts are documented so no downstream user silently merges incompatible figures.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-effective-am92-09

10. [10]Air & Liquid Systems Corp. v. DeVries, 586 U.S. 446 (2019), CourtListener 4601080 [court_record]

    Locator

    CourtListener opinion 4601080; Google-indexed sweeps for 'USS Effective,' 'PC-1596,' 'AM-92' (search_ledger sl-07, sl-08)

    Finding type

    litigation_documented

    Finding

    No case located names this hull (see negative_finding row ev-12 and search_ledger). Doctrinal context only for the vessel's type: claims arising from Navy-vessel asbestos exposure ran under maritime law against equipment manufacturers, and the Supreme Court's DeVries decision settled the 'bare-metal defense' framework - manufacturers that supplied bare equipment had a duty to warn where their products required asbestos-containing parts. It illustrates the litigation posture a claim arising from service aboard a WWII diesel minesweeper/subchaser would have faced; no such claim naming Effective, AM-92, or PC-1596 was located. Collision profile note: 'Effective' is a common English word and produces continuous false positives in full-text legal search; 'AM-92' collides with form/table tokens; 'PC-1596' is the only discriminating token - the Google-indexed sweeps returned only non-vessel opinions (MDL-875 opinions on USS Enterprise CVN-65 and USS Waddell DDG-24 surfaced on OR-query but name no connection to this hull).

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    context

    Documentation level

    class_or_era

    Accessed

    2026-09-22

    Study period

    2019 decision; sweeps 2026-09-22

    Limitations

    Doctrinal context only - the cited case does not name or involve this hull, and DeVries addressed manufacturers' duty to warn for asbestos-containing components on Navy vessels generally (its facts post-date this hull's era). A complaint's vessel list would be a pleading allegation, not a finding; no pleading naming this hull was located. The authenticated CourtListener API sweep was quota-blocked (HTTP 429) this session - see ev-12 and search_ledger; the indexed sweep is a partial substitute only. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-effective-am92-10

11. [11]Stuart Mortuary (Indianapolis, IN) obituary for Fred Douglas Page, Sr. - WWII Navy veteran, cook/petty officer aboard USS Effective AM-92 / PC-1596, September 1943-1946 [other_primary]

    Locator

    stuartmortuary.com/obituary/MRFRED-PAGESR - obituary narrative

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Named-veteran memorial account placing a specific crew member aboard this hull: 'Fred was a WWII veteran that served in the US Navy from September 1943-1946. He was assigned as a cook and petty officer ... Fred ended up on a minesweeper, the USS Effective AM92 that was reclassified as the US Sub Chaser PC 1596. Officer James McKay and his crew traveled through the Bermuda Triangle.' The obituary's command detail ('Officer James McKay') matches the documented CO roster (LT James Creichton McKay, USNR, in command 4 Jun 1944 - Aug 1945 per NavSource; confirmed commanding during the 7 Jul 1944 UGS-47 escort per uboat.net), and its dual-designation description (AM92 reclassified PC 1596) matches the official record - the hull attribution is consistent.

    Verification

    partial

    Role

    context

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-22

    Study period

    1943-1946 service; obituary undated

    Population

    Crew member (cook/petty officer, 1943-1946) - named individual aboard this hull

    Limitations

    Family-authored funeral-home memorial, not an official record - carried for the documented crew-member population, not for any itinerary. Its post-European-war itinerary claim ('in route through the Panama Canal to be part of the invasion of Japan ... Their ship redirected and went to California') contradicts the official record: PC-1596 departed Oran 27 May 1945 for the east coast, arrived Jacksonville June 1945, decommissioned there 9 Nov 1945, and never served in the Pacific - treated as a memory-account error and flagged in ev-09. Contains no asbestos information; establishes nothing about materials aboard.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-effective-am92-11

12. [12]Batch-1444 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback capture of the official NHHC page; NavSource 11/02092 + 12/01idx class index; HyperWar Ships of the U.S. Navy PC-1596 page; Shipbuilding History Dravo boats table; uboat.net 9255 (incl. UGS-47 convoy log); Naval Marine Archive minesweepers table; navalcovermuseum.org; USNI photo archive; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated - throttled) + Google-indexed sweeps; VA BVA index via Google; MARAD vessel history database; NVR; NARA catalog; Wikipedia (secondary cross-check); Stuart Mortuary obituary; mesothelioma.net marketing roster (excluded) [other_primary]

    Locator

    search_ledger rows sl-uss-effective-am92-01 through sl-uss-effective-am92-14

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS Effective / AM-92 / PC-1596: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, court finding, docketed asbestos case, or VA Board of Veterans' Appeals decision naming this hull was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener coverage caveat: the authenticated API returned HTTP 429 ('Request was throttled. Rate limit exceeded: 2800/day. Expected available in 14638 seconds' - the shared quota was exhausted by earlier same-day batch work; no unauthenticated queries were run per batch rules). The litigation sweep therefore ran through Google-indexed CourtListener content and general web: no 'PC-1596,' 'AM-92,' or 'USS Effective' vessel reference surfaced in any opinion or docket index reachable; 'Effective' common-word collisions and unrelated asbestos opinions (MDL-875 rulings on other hulls) account for all hits. Non-authoritative marketing rosters carry the name in generic ship tables - mesothelioma.net's patrol-boats page lists this hull TWICE under both designations ('USS Effective (AM-92)' and 'USS PC-1596') - excluded per source rules; they carry no hull-specific evidence, and the double-listing independently validates consolidating the two designations into one canonical record.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    negative_finding

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-22

    Study period

    2026-09-22

    Limitations

    Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 steel-hulled naval vessel is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials even accounting for its lighter diesel insulation load. The hull was disposed of via the Maritime Commission in 1946 and its fate is undocumented, so no present-day survey pathway exists. The CourtListener sweep is incomplete (shared-cap exhaustion) - a fully authenticated re-sweep of opinions and RECAP dockets remains an open verification step. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-effective-am92-12

13. [13]Archival leads - NARA RG 24 deck logs for this hull's October 1942 - November 1945 commission (the documentary base for the Bermuda station, the UGS-47 escort, Operation Dragoon, and the Mediterranean escort period); WWII muster rolls; NARA photo 19-N-1595 (image dated 6 March 1944, per NavSource credit) and USNI photo 438999.jpg (1944); NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) records per the asbestos guided-topic page - hull-designation correspondence ('AM92'/'PC1596'), class correspondence under the PC-461/Adroit-class series, Dravo Neville Island contract files, Entry P-11 'Minesweeper and Minelayer General Information Books' (Item S-68), and hull-number-arranged Ship Engineering Drawings (S39 Insulation and Lagging, S48 Piping, S103 Booklets of General Plans); RG 181 Norfolk Naval Shipyard job files (May-June 1944 conversion - the class-documented Atlantic-unit conversion yard); the U.S. Maritime Commission disposal file for the 30 July 1946 transfer and the Mechanical Equipment of New Orleans sale [other_primary]

    Locator

    archives.gov RG 19/24/181 group guides + asbestos guided-topic page (archives.gov/research/military/navy/guided-topics/asbestos); NavSource 11/02092 photo credit (NARA 19-N-1595); photos.usni.org 438999.jpg

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized; NARA catalog returns only its JS application shell to automated fetch): (a) NARA RG 24 deck logs, Oct 1942 - Nov 1945 - the documentary base for the documented operations and any machinery-space events; (b) muster rolls for the commission period; (c) photographs - NARA 19-N-1595 (6 March 1944, per the NavSource photo credit; Bob Daly/PC-1181 collection) and USNI 438999.jpg (USS Effective AM-92, 1944, U.S. Naval Institute Photo Archives); (d) NARA RG 19 BuShips records per the asbestos guided-topic page - hull files 'AM92'/'PC1596,' class files for the PC-461/Adroit series, Dravo contract correspondence, P-11 minesweeper GIBs, and S39/S48/S103 hull-series drawings - the plausible home of hull-level material schedules; (e) RG 181 Norfolk Naval Shipyard job files for the May-June 1944 Atlantic-unit conversion (the class-documented conversion yard; whether this hull's files exist is unverified); (f) the U.S. Maritime Commission disposal record for the 30 July 1946 transfer and the Mechanical Equipment Co. sale - the only plausible documentary path to the hull's post-1946 fate.

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-22

    Study period

    1942-1946 records

    Limitations

    Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for AM-92/PC-1596 is unknown until surveyed in person. Deck logs, muster rolls, and contract files are personnel/operations records, not materials documentation; the BuShips design file is the best candidate for a material schedule. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-effective-am92-13