Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. II, p. 338, 'Electron (LST-1070)' - NHHC DANFS ship-history page (archived Wayback capture 2024-07-14; live history.navy.mil page returns 404 as of 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC DANFS 'Electron' entry, full text in 2024-07-14 Wayback capture; verbatim Vol. II p. 338 text independently mirrored at https://losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/amphib/lst1070.htm (verified live 2026-10-02); live history.navy.mil URL 404 on all patterns tried
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull (Vol. II, p. 338): launched 9 March 1945 by Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, Mass.; commissioned 5 April 1945, Lt. R. P. Seem in command; sailed from New York 19 May 1945, arrived Philippines 14 July and operated there until October except one voyage to Tokyo Bay carrying occupation cargo; shifted briefly to Japan, returned to Pearl Harbor 6 December to begin conversion to electronics parts issue ship; conversion halted in 1946 and she was placed out of commission in reserve 3 December at Astoria, Oreg.; reclassified AG-146 on 27 January 1949 and named Electron 1 February 1949; recommissioned 6 October 1950 (Korean War), alterations completed at Bremerton, loaded electronic equipment at Oakland; sailed from San Diego 2 December, arrived Sasebo 5 February 1951; operated from Sasebo and Yokosuka for the remainder of the Korean War; reclassified AKS-27 on 18 August 1951; stationed at Subic Bay 18 January 1954 to 30 April 1955; returned to the west coast April 1956; placed out of commission in reserve 16 November 1956; stricken from the Navy List 1 April 1960 and sold in December 1960. Specs in the DANFS header: dp. 2,179; l. 328'; b. 50'; dr. 14'1"; s. 12 k.; cpl. 119; a. 8 40mm; cl. LST-1.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1960
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades 1945; wartime crew and embarked troops; Pacific Fleet crews 1950-1956
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history, not materials or asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page serves 404 (standing link rot since batch-01) - archived capture cited per citation-hygiene rule; mirror transcription independently verified identical. DANFS gives no laid-down date; the 1949 reclassification date conflicts with secondary sources printing 1947 - see correction row ev-05.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-01
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Electron (AKS-27) ex AG-146 ex LST-1070, page 09/16/1627 - specification block, custodial chronology, awards section, commanding-officer table [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 09/16/1627, verified live on navsource.net 2026-10-02 (navsource.org domain is dead per standing citation rule; batch-644 cited the .org host and reached content only via search index)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource archival page for USS Electron (AKS-27) ex-AG-146 ex-LST-1070: LST-542 Class Tank Landing Ship; laid down 8 February 1945 at Bethlehem Hingham Shipyard, Hingham, MA; launched 9 March 1945; commissioned 5 April 1945, Lt. Richard P. Seem USNR; Asiatic-Pacific Theater service with occupation duty periods 6-23 September and 29 October-10 November 1945; decommissioned 3 December 1946 at Astoria, OR and laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet, Columbia River Group; named Electron 1 February 1949; recommissioned 6 October 1950; reclassified General Stores Issue Ship AKS-27 on 18 August 1951; decommissioned 16 November 1956; struck from the Naval Register 1 April 1960; final disposition 'sold, December 1960, presumed scrapped'. Commanding-officer table lists seven officers for the LST-1070 commission (1945-46) and LCDR Wesley Curtis Dreman (1954) for AKS-27; international radio call sign NAIN.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1960
- Population
- Ship's company ~119 per DANFS; occupation-duty crews 1945
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources and NHHC photo captions; consistent with DANFS where they overlap and supplies the laid-down date DANFS omits. Its printed AG-146 reclassification date '27 January 1947' conflicts with DANFS (1949) and is contradicted by the documented 1948-49 naming sequence - see correction row ev-05. Its generic LST-542 spec block lists GM 12-567A engines, but the BuShips Ships' Data machinery table assigns the LST1060-1080 block GM 12-278A - see ev-06. Spec data are equipment descriptions only - no asbestos content stated or implied.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-02
-
[3]shipscribe.com, 'USS Electron (AKS 27, ex LST) Class' - construction/disposition tables, class notes, and per-ship notes compiled from BuShips and Naval Vessel Register data [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe usnaux2/AKS/AKS27.html - construction table, disposition table, class notes, ship note row for AKS-27 ELECTRON (verified live 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe (BuShips/NVR-derived compilation) AKS-27 class page, Electron ship note and class notes: (ex AG-146, ex LST-1070, comm 5 Apr 1945) reassigned to ComServPac effective 1 Jan 1946; arrived Navy Yard Pearl Harbor 3 Jan 1946 for conversion to mobile spare parts issue ship, conversion completed ca. April 1946; designated for inactivation 28 Aug 1946; placed in inactive status (OCIR) 3 Dec 1946 in the Columbia Group (Astoria) of the Pacific Reserve Fleet, inactivation nearly complete; to AG-146 and named 1 Feb 1949; reactivation ordered 7 Aug 1950; recommissioned 6 Oct 1950; to AKS-27 18 Aug 1951; homeport shifted from Mare Island to Sasebo, Japan, 1 Oct 1954; inactivation overhaul at Astoria 16 Jul - 15 Nov 1956, in Columbia Group to 1960; offered for sale 21 Sep 1960 with bid opening 13 Oct 1960; disposal recorded 19 Oct 1960 as a Navy sale (MARAD sale column '--', i.e., no Maritime Administration involvement). Class notes document the five-ship conversion program (Electron, Proton, Colington, League Island, Chimon - ex-LSTs 1070, 1078, 1085, 1097, 1102), the CNO naming request of 9 Dec 1948, BuShips name recommendations 3 Jan 1949, approvals 1 Feb 1949, and the 18 Aug 1951 AG-146..150 to AKS-27..31 reclassification batch. Conversion-era particulars: 1,780 tons light / 3,640 full; armament (1956) 2 40mmT + 6 40mmS; accommodations 12-17 officers / 116-160 enlisted; geared diesel, 2 screws, 1,800 HP.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1960
- Population
- Pearl Harbor Navy Yard conversion workers 1946; Bremerton alteration workers 1950; Astoria inactivation crews 1956; ship's company ~116-160 enlisted + 12-17 officers as AKS
- Limitations
- Compilation of official BuShips/NVR data by a reputable ship-data site; consistent with DANFS on all overlapping milestones. 'Decomm Jul 1956' in its table reflects the inactivation-overhaul start (16 Jul 1956); DANFS's 16 Nov 1956 is the completion/decommissioning - carried as a variance, not an error. Disposal 19 Oct 1960 (sale action) vs DANFS 'sold December 1960' (likely delivery/title date). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-03
-
[4]NavalCoverMuseum wiki, 'ELECTRON AKS 27' (ribbon list); NavSource awards/campaign-ribbon section; Wikipedia USS Electron (AG-146) battle-star detail tracing to the CNO Korean War awards list [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalcovermuseum.org ELECTRON AKS 27 name/designation and awards sections (verified live 2026-10-02); NavSource 09/16/1627 awards section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Awards record for this hull from secondary compilations: USS LST-1070 / Electron earned the American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp), National Defense Service Medal, Korean Service Medal, Philippine Liberation Medal, and United Nations Service Medal; one battle star for Korean War service - First UN Counter Offensive (29-30 March 1951 and 16-18 April 1951).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1951
- Population
- Korean War-era crew
- Limitations
- Award listings are secondary compilations - not verified against the official CNO/NHHC Korean War battle-star register, which is the verification path if needed. Consistent across sources. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-04
-
[5]DANFS Vol. II p. 338 (archived NHHC capture + losthistory.net mirror) vs NavSource 09/16/1627 chronology vs shipscribe AKS-27 class notes; DANFS Colington (LST-1085/AG-148) entry at ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/LST/lst1085.html [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe AKS27 class notes (naming sequence 9 Dec 1948 - 1 Feb 1949); DANFS Electron entry (archived/mirror); NavSource chronology (live 2026-10-02); DANFS lst1085 (Colington) corroboration verified live at ibiblio.org/hyperwar 2026-10-02
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source discrepancy documented and resolved: NavSource and other secondary compilations (e.g., the navalmarinearchive AG table; Wikipedia's infobox as of 2026-10-02 still prints '27 January 1947') give the AG-146 reclassification as '27 January 1947', while DANFS prints 'reclassified AG-146, 27 January 1949, and assigned the name Electron, 1 February 1949.' Shipscribe's class notes document the actual sequence - CNO asked the Chief of Naval Personnel on 9 Dec 1948 to assign names for the five spare-parts-issue LSTs to be reclassified as AGs; BuShips recommended ELECTRON and PROTON for AG-146/147 on 3 Jan 1949; names approved 1 Feb 1949 - making a 1947 reclassification chronologically impossible. Sister ship Colington's DANFS entry shows the identical pattern (reclassified AG-148 'on 27 January', named 1 February 1949). The 1949 date is adopted; '1947' in secondary sources is a transcription error propagated between compilations.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1948-1949
- Limitations
- Resolves the reclassification year by primary-source naming chronology, not by counting sources. DANFS's own ordering (reclass 27 Jan 1949 precedes naming 1 Feb 1949) and shipscribe's effective-date grouping ('to AG 146 and named 1 Feb 1949') differ on whether 27 Jan or 1 Feb is the operative date - the record carries 27 Jan 1949 as the reclassification order date with 1 Feb 1949 naming, per DANFS. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-05
-
[6]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II (NAVSHIPS 250-011, 15 April 1945), LST design + machinery tables (shipscribe.com scan, text layer) - consolidated with lst-1-class class profile (LST-542 group, LST-1060..1080 engine-variant block) and shipscribe conversion-event dates [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST machinery table row 'LST1060-1080 -> G.M. Diesel 12-278A' (text layer, verified live 2026-10-02; the batch-644 URL shipscribe.com/styles/usnaux/sdb/SDB1945v2.pdf now returns 404 - file moved to /pubs/); class-f lst-1-class.class.json analysis; shipscribe AKS-27 ship note (conversion/inactivation dates)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-powered LST-542-class hull built at Bethlehem-Hingham in 1945 and converted at a Navy yard in early 1946: NO boilers or steam plant - the steam-lagging pathway does not apply; plausible asbestos applications on this type concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing throughout the engineering spaces, electrical insulation/cable, deck coverings (incl. tank-deck surfaces), accommodation-space insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches and the stern-anchor windlass. Her three documented Navy-yard industrial events - Pearl Harbor Navy Yard conversion Jan-Apr 1946, Bremerton alterations 1950, Astoria inactivation overhaul Jul-Nov 1956 - all fall inside the peak asbestos era and involved interior rework, but no source documents material scope. The BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. II machinery table (NAVSHIPS 250-011, April 1945) assigns the LST1060-1080 block - which includes this hull - GM Diesel 12-278A engines.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1960
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades 1945; Pearl Harbor Navy Yard conversion workers 1946; Puget Sound (Bremerton) alteration workers 1950; Astoria inactivation crews 1956; ship's company 1945-1956
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation spec, or survey exists in the public record for this ship; the conversion events are documented as to dates and yards but NOT as to asbestos scope. The BuShips machinery table is an official design-block document: it fixes engine model per block but says nothing about insulation materials. Does not establish presence, absence, or quantity of ACM aboard, nor any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-06
-
[7]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval and merchant construction - the era and program context in which this hull was built (1945, Bethlehem-Hingham) and repeatedly reworked at Navy yards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1945-1960
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers and crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship only; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. The diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels. Citation corrected per batch-318: the batch-05 ss-john-w-brown record cites this paper as 11(3)/DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311 - the correct citation is 12(4):359-373, DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-07
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403 confirmed again 2026-10-02 - standing block since batch-01)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or when required for repairs, modified in 1979 toward selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place on active Navy hulls for decades; systematic substitution did not begin until the early 1970s, more than a decade after this hull left Navy custody (disposed 1960).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation that postdates this hull's entire existence - she was stricken and sold in 1960, before the policies described were in force. Context for the era fleet picture only: supports the inference that 1945-era materials were not systematically removed during her service life, but establishes nothing about what was aboard. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov HTTP 403); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-08
-
[9]Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, OPNAVINST 5100.19F, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, 5 May 2019, chapter B1, paragraph 3.d (archived copy; direct PDF access returned 403) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chapter B1, paragraph 3.d; also paragraph 3.a (archived 2025-02-08 capture verified live 2026-10-02; same archived copy used by batch-6544 this date)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- OPNAVINST 5100.19F states that, for active-ship asbestos management, any Navy ship whose keel was laid before 1980 is considered to contain friable asbestos thermal-system insulation and must maintain an emergency asbestos response team. This hull's keel was laid 8 February 1945. The presumption is a later administrative-management baseline - this ship left Navy custody in 1960, decades before the instruction.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2019 policy; keel laid 1945
- Population
- Navy shipboard and maintenance personnel (policy context)
- Limitations
- A 2019 management presumption for active Navy ships, not a contemporaneous drawing, sample, survey, or work record for this hull. The ship was stricken and sold in 1960 - the instruction cannot establish what material she carried in service, what was removed, or any individual's exposure. Added in this batch per current house convention (absent from batch-644 record).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-09
-
[10]Batch-6558 search ledger (this record): archived NHHC DANFS capture + losthistory.net mirror; NavSource 09/16/1627 (navsource.net live); shipscribe AKS-27 class page; shipscribe SDB1945v2 at /pubs/; NavalCoverMuseum; CourtListener API v4 authenticated sweeps; MARAD ShipHistory (site error persists); va.gov BVA index sweep; web-index litigation/marketing check; class-level CourtListener sweep reference (lst-1-class, 2026-09-16); batch-644 prior-session ledger (2026-09-20) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-electron-lst1070-01 through sl-uss-electron-lst1070-16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LST-1070 / AG-146 / AKS-27 / USS Electron was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener authenticated same-hull sweeps this session: 'USS Electron' opinion search returned 189 hits, all name collisions in the result set reviewed (USS-POSCO steel-company cases, 'electronically filed' snippets, unrelated 'electron' usages) - zero results reference this vessel; 'LST-1070' opinion search returned 46 hits, all collisions - the only asbestos-docket case surfaced, Ramsey v. Georgia Southern University (Del. Super. N14C-01-287 ASB, 2 Feb 2017, In re: Asbestos Litigation), matched on the reporter pinpoint '539 A.2d 1064, 1070', not the hull number (full opinion OCR'd - no ship reference); 'AKS-27' returned 0 results; 'AG-146 + asbestos' refined query returned 0 results (the bare 'AG-146' query tokenizes on the hyphen into 65,517 collisions - Attorney-General opinion numbering - superseded by the refined query). The class-level 'USS LST' asbestos sweep of 2026-09-16 found only an incidental reunion-notice mention of LST-579 in Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton, S.D.N.Y. 1:07-cv-04771 - not an exposure record. Web-index sweeps returned only banned law-firm listicles (freeasbestostesting.com auxiliary-ships page lists Electron).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1945 hull converted at Navy yards in 1946, 1950, and 1956 is era-consistent with ACM-containing work, but nothing documents it. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. All four designation sweeps completed via the authenticated fleet-paced helper: 'USS Electron' 189 hits (all collisions), 'LST-1070' 46 hits (all collisions), 'AKS-27' 0 results, 'AG-146 + asbestos' refined query 0 results.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-10
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments) - record-group mapping only [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/019.html ; .../groups/024.html ; .../groups/181.html (all three guide pages verified live 2026-10-02, HTTP 200)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) holds contract plans, specifications, and alteration records for the LST-1070 build and the AG-146/AKS-27 conversion work packages; RG 24 Navy deck logs cover LST-1070 (1945-46) and Electron (1950-56) operations; RG 181 naval-district and shore-establishment records cover Pearl Harbor Navy Yard (1946 conversion), Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (1950 alterations), and the Astoria inactivation overhaul (1956) - industrial work orders could contain insulation/material itemization; Navy sale records for the Sep-Oct 1960 disposal would fix the buyer and breaking yard.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1960 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-electron-lst1070-11