Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]DANFS, 'Endurance II (AM-435)' - official NHHC entry, verified verbatim from Wayback capture 2025-01-20 (live history.navy.mil page returns 404 - standing link rot, same as BATCH-01); verbatim mirror transcription at losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/mine/am435.htm [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Endurance II (AM-435)' entry, specifications block + full service narrative (Wayback capture 20250120194638)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official DANFS record for this hull: spec block '(AM-435: dp. 620; l. 172'; b. 36'; dr. 10'; s. 16 k.; cpl. 74; a. 1 40 mm.; cl. Agile)'. 'The second Endurance (AM-435) was launched 8 August 1952 by J. M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Wash.; sponsored by Miss Gerry A. Borovich; and commissioned 19 May 1954, Lieutenant L. E. Martin in command. She was reclassified MSO-435 on 7 February 1955.' Service: arrived Long Beach, Calif., home port, 21 April 1954 - training operations along the southern California coast; July 1955 goodwill cruise to Acapulco, Mexico; first Far East cruise August 1957 - February 1958 (exercises with the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force and the navy of the Republic of China); second Far East tour January - July 1960 (minesweeping exercises at Okinawa; assistance to the Chinese navy developing modern mine warfare techniques); arrived Long Beach 19 July 1960, 'the remainder of the year was given to operations and ship overhaul.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1952-1960 narrative; hull life 1952-1974
- Population
- J. M. Martinac construction trades (Tacoma, 1952-54); crew (design complement 74) across the commission
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, builder, dates, and service narrative - not materials or asbestos content. No laid-down date is given (NavSource supplies 28 January 1952); the narrative ends in 1960 - the entire Vietnam-era operational record and the decommissioning/stricken/sale milestones are absent from DANFS for this hull. Live NHHC URL 404s - the 2025-01-20 Wayback capture of the official page is cited; the hazegray mirror transcription agrees verbatim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-01
-
[2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - 'Endurance (MSO-435) ex-AM-435', file 11/02435 (page by Mike Smolinski; navsource.org DNS resolution failed this session - retrieved via navsource.net mirror and Wayback capture 2024-12-26) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/02435 - chronology block, specifications block, propulsion line, CO list, photo captions (Wayback capture 20241226062146; live mirror navsource.net/archives/11/02435.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull record: 'Aggressive Class Minesweeper'; laid down 28 January 1952 by J. M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Washington - the only located source giving a laid-down date; launched 8 August 1952; sponsored by Miss Gerry A. Borovich; commissioned USS Endurance (AM-435) 19 May 1954 - 'the first formal commissioning of a Navy vessel in Tacoma at the Tacoma Naval Station since World War II'; reclassified Ocean Minesweeper MSO-435 7 February 1955; 'decommissioned and struck from the Naval Register 1 July 1972'; 'sold for scrapping 27 January 1974 to Al Kidman of Wilmington, CA., for $32,501.' Specs: 630 t light / 755 t full; 172' x 35' x 10'; 14 kts; complement 80; armament as built one single 40mm mount + two .50-cal machine guns, final configuration twin 20mm bow mount; propulsion 'Four Packard ID1700 diesel engines, two shafts, two controllable pitch propellers.' Call sign November-Quebec-November-November. Photo captions: 'Endurance was the largest wooden-hulled vessel to be built in Tacoma since WWI'; June 1969 Subic Bay collision damage. Commanding-officer list through 15 October 1970 - 1972 (LCDR Isidore 'Bud' Larguier, Jr.).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1952-1974
- Population
- J. M. Martinac trades (1952-54); crew (complement 74-80) 1954-1972; scrapping-yard workers (Wilmington, CA, 1974)
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; milestones are listed without per-item primary citations. Spec variances vs DANFS (complement 80 vs 74; beam 35 vs 36; speed 14 vs 16; displacement 630/755 vs 620) flagged in correction row, not merged. The 27 Jan 1974 sale detail conflicts with 'disposed of by Navy sale December 1973' (hazegray transcriber's note, propagated to Wikipedia) - flagged, not adjudicated. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-02
-
[3]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), 'Martinac Shipbuilding, Tacoma WA' yard table - MSO-435 row + yard history header [other_primary]
- Locator
- martinac.htm - MSO 435 row + MSO 435-492 block + yard history header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard-table row for this hull: 'MSO 435 | Endurance | U.S. Navy | Minesweeper | 780d | 172 | 19-May-54 | Scrapped 1973.' The same table lists the builder's nine-MSO block: MSO 435 Endurance, MSO 436 Energy, MSO 444 Firm, MSO 445 Force, MSO 488 Conquest, MSO 489 Gallant, MSO 490 Leader, MSO 491 Persistent, MSO 492 Pledge. Yard history header: Joseph M. Martinac founded the J. M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp. in 1924; the yard was on the east side of the Thea Foss Waterway at the foot of East 15th Street, Tacoma; it closed in 2014 and the property was sold for development.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1924-2014 yard history; 1952-54 construction
- Population
- J. M. Martinac Shipbuilding workforce (Tacoma, WA, 1952-54)
- Limitations
- Compiler's yard table, secondary - consistent with DANFS/NavSource on builder and the 19 May 1954 delivery/commissioning date. 'Scrapped 1973' conflicts with NavSource's specific 'sold for scrapping 27 January 1974' - flagged in correction row; sale vs completed scrapping may explain the two years. '780d' tonnage is the table's standard deadweight-type value differing from DANFS 620 - DANFS carried. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-03
-
[4]USS Endurance (MSO-435) veterans' association site (ussendurance.org, webmaster aboard spring 1960) - homepage + 'Aftermath of the Collision with the HMS Rorqual' incident page (Wayback captures 2008-06-06 and 2006-06-19; site now offline) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback captures of ussendurance.org homepage (20080606111431) and 'Rorqurl incident.htm' (20060619000103)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Veteran-produced primary material for this hull: while moored stern-to at River Point pier, Subic Bay, Philippines, 13 June 1969, Royal Navy submarine HMS Rorqual (S02) approached too fast and rammed Endurance amidships - 'a large hole through the ship's hull,' damaging the Chief's Quarters head and Chief's wardroom; no injuries; the sub's telegraphman had turned the port engine-order telegraph the wrong direction ('half ahead' vs 'half astern'). The page hosts investigation documents and interior/exterior damage photographs. The site also documents the ship's Vietnam-era service, including the 1970 close gun action with a North Vietnamese armed trawler off the Cua Co Chien River mouth - the engagement depicted in Richard DeRosset's painting used on the dust jacket of CDR David D. Bruhn's 'Wooden Ships and Iron Men: The U.S. Navy's Ocean Minesweepers, 1953-1994' - plus crew memoirs (1962, 1963-64), a 1960 WestPac tour page, and the nickname 'Citrus Juliette.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1969 collision; 1970 action; site active ~2003-2016
- Population
- Crew aboard during 1969 collision; Subic Bay repair workforce (undocumented); veterans contributing records
- Limitations
- Veteran association material - primary for photographs, investigation-document scans, and memoir, unofficial for narrative claims. The collision is a documented hull-penetrating damage event - a repair/disturbance episode - but the repair scope and yard are not documented here. No asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. The Bruhn book is a reputable published naval history; the trawler engagement date (1970) comes from the site, not verified against the book text this pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-04
-
[5]U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 'Navy and Coast Guard Ships Associated with Service in Vietnam and Exposure to Herbicide Agents' - November 2015 alphabetized revision (oldbluewater.com mirror), entry 'Endurance (MSO-435)'; corroborating transcript at vetshq.com ships-docked list [other_primary]
- Locator
- oldbluewater.com ShipListNOV2015.pdf - 'E' entries; vetshq.com 'Ships Docked To Vietnam Shore Or Pier' list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The VA presumptive-exposure ships list names this hull: 'Endurance (MSO-435) Docked to piers at Da Nang at various times during March-June, 1969' - federal documentation, derived from deck logs and similar records, of Vietnam in-country port calls during the March-June 1969 window (the deployment ending with the 13 June 1969 Subic collision on the same tour). Placement on the list means crew aboard during those dockings qualified for herbicide-exposure presumption categories.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1969 operations; list revision November 2015
- Population
- Crew aboard during the March-June 1969 Da Nang dockings
- Limitations
- Documents Vietnam docking events only - an herbicide-exposure (Agent Orange) presumption list, unrelated to asbestos; establishes presence and port calls, not materials aboard. The identical entry appears on the vetshq.com transcript of the same VA list. Later list revisions were not re-searched this pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-05
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 report text (spec-revision and delivery-window passages)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos program: 'product specifications for thermal insulation had been changed in 1973 to specify the use of asbestos-free materials, [but] asbestos materials had already been purchased and in some cases installed in ships under construction. Therefore, some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978.' The Navy's October 1975 policy removed only damaged or repair-necessitated insulation, modified in January 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. This hull's construction (1952-54) and entire commission (1954-72) fall inside the asbestos-specification era the report documents.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1973-1979 policy window; hull era 1952-1972
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy-wide program
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation - names neither this hull, this class, nor her builder, and establishes nothing about what was installed or removed aboard. Report documents shipyard-worker protection, not shipboard crew exposure. gao.gov blocks automated fetches (HTTP 403); content verified via indexed verbatim text of the official report (gao.gov/assets/hrd-80-2.pdf).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-06
-
[7]Marr, W.T., 'Asbestos Exposure During Naval Vessel Overhaul,' American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 25 (1964): 264-268 (PMID 14168424) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AIHAJ 25:264-268; study site: Long Beach Naval Shipyard insulation shop; DOI resolves to tandfonline.com
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed industrial-hygiene study from the Long Beach Naval Shipyard Medical Department documenting measurable asbestos exposure among insulation workers during fabrication, installation, and removal of asbestos insulation on naval vessels undergoing repair and overhaul - the process type performed during this hull's documented second-half-of-1960 'ship overhaul' (yard unnamed in located sources). The Long Beach Naval Shipyard insulation shop had '50 to 80 employees working primarily aboard ship applying insulation containing asbestos'; Long Beach was this hull's homeport for its entire commission, and the naval shipyard was the homeport-adjacent yard complex.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1964 (publication); 1950s-1960s work practices
- Population
- Shipyard insulation workers (naval shipyard context, study period circa 1964)
- Limitations
- Process-level evidence only - the study does not name this hull, does not document work performed on AM-435/MSO-435, and does not establish that her 1960 overhaul occurred at Long Beach Naval Shipyard or involved asbestos insulation work; the study's emphasis is steam-plant insulation, heavier than a diesel minesweeper's envelope. Supports era-typical exposure conditions during yard availabilities generally, nothing hull-specific.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-07
-
[8]Era inference from documented plant, hull construction, and era specifications: NavSource per-hull propulsion block (4 Packard ID1700 diesels, 2 shafts, CPP) + documented wooden/non-magnetic construction (NavSource 'largest wooden-hulled vessel to be built in Tacoma since WWI'; NYT 5 Oct 1952 on sister Aggressive AM-422's laminated-wood hull; class non-magnetic design) + GAO HRD-80-2 era window [other_primary]
- Locator
- Synthesis: NavSource propulsion/construction data + NYT (5 Oct 1952) class-construction record + GAO HRD-80-2 era documentation
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era-typical asbestos applications aboard a 1952-54-built wooden-hulled diesel-propelled ocean minesweeper, inferred rather than proven for this hull: diesel exhaust-system and muffler lagging on the four main engines and generator plant; machinery gaskets and packing; electrical-cable insulation; accommodation/joiner insulation; deck coverings and cements of the period; brake linings on winches, windlass, and minesweeping gear. Because the documented plant is diesel with no boilers or steam distribution - and the hull is wood with non-magnetic fittings - the boiler-room and steam-line insulation envelope emphasized for steam combatants does not apply; the residual envelope concentrates in engine exhaust and machinery spaces.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1952-1974
- Population
- J. M. Martinac construction trades (1952-54); enginemen and sweep-gear operators (crew, 1954-72); overhaul/repair yard workers incl. the documented 1960 overhaul and June 1969 Subic collision repair; 1974 scrapping workforce
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, specification, or material schedule was located. Does not establish that any listed product was installed aboard this hull, any quantity, or condition; the hull was sold for scrapping in 1974, so no present-day survey pathway exists. The diesel plant and wooden hull make even era-level inference weaker than for steam vessels of the same era.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-08
-
[9]Air & Liquid Systems Corp. v. DeVries, 586 U.S. 446 (2019), CourtListener 4601080 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener opinion 4601080
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No case located names this hull (see negative_finding row and search_ledger). Doctrinal context only for the vessel's type: claims arising from Navy-vessel asbestos exposure ran under maritime law against equipment manufacturers, and the Supreme Court's DeVries decision settled the 'bare-metal defense' framework - manufacturers that supplied bare equipment had a duty to warn where their products required asbestos-containing parts. It illustrates the litigation posture claims arising from service aboard a 1950s diesel minesweeper would have faced; no such claim naming Endurance was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2019 decision
- Limitations
- Doctrinal context only - the cited case does not name or involve this hull, and DeVries addressed manufacturers' duty to warn for asbestos-containing components on Navy vessels generally. Classification note: a complaint's vessel list would be a pleading allegation, not a finding; no pleading naming this hull was located. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-09
-
[10]Batch-1349 search ledger (this record): DANFS via NHHC Wayback capture + losthistory/hazegray mirror; NavSource 11/02435 via navsource.net mirror + Wayback; Colton Martinac yard table; ussendurance.org via Wayback; VA ships list (Nov-2015 rev mirror); GAO HRD-80-2; Marr 1964 AIHAJ; NARA deck-log index; CourtListener API + web UI; domain-restricted index searches; Shipscribe; NVR; shipyards.json; marketing-site exclusion check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-endurance-am435-01 through sl-uss-endurance-am435-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS Endurance / AM-435 / MSO-435: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, material specification, hazmat disclosure, preservation record, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming this hull was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener authenticated API queries were quota-blocked (HTTP 429; the shared 2,800/day authenticated pool was exhausted by prior batch work, ~7.4h to reset - logged as blocked, not as a negative; no anonymous queries were run per batch rules) and the courtlistener.com web UI returned 403. Web-index fallback (domain-restricted courtlistener.com search + exa.ai/vlex legal indexes) located no hull-naming opinion or docket - 'Endurance' hits were the Endurance American Specialty Insurance Co. MSP Recovery cases and common-word collisions. Non-authoritative marketing listicles (mesothelioma.com minesweeper page: 'USS Endurance | AM-435 | 5/19/1954 | Scrapped, 1974'; mesotheliomahelp.org minesweeper roster; freeasbestostesting.com) list the hull in generic ship-name tables - excluded per source rules; they carry no hull-specific evidence.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1952-54 Navy-built vessel is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials even accounting for the lighter diesel/wooden-hull insulation load. The hull's 1974 scrapping forecloses any present-day survey pathway. A systematic docket-level sweep (CourtListener API/RECAP) remains a pending gap - additional unindexed pleadings naming this hull may exist. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-10
-
[11]Source discrepancies logged, not silently merged: DANFS spec block vs NavSource specs; NavSource sale detail vs hazegray transcriber's note and Colton 'Scrapped 1973'; NavSource Packard ID1700 fit vs class-level Waukesha figure; Agile-vs-Aggressive class naming; three-hull name collision [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block vs NavSource 11/02435 spec block vs Colton martinac.htm vs losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/mine/am435.htm transcriber's note; NavSource 09/67/6718.htm (ARDM-3); NavSource 11/03077.htm (AMc-77)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- (a) Class name: DANFS spec block reads 'cl. Agile'; NavSource header reads 'Aggressive Class Minesweeper'; Combat Fleets splits the series ('AGILE Class, 421' single lead + 'AGGRESSIVE Class, 422-427, 432-449, 455-474, 488-496'), placing this hull (435) in the Aggressive block; Wikipedia follows DANFS ('Agile-class'). Carried as 'Agile/Aggressive class' with the split noted, not adjudicated - one design family either way. (b) Complement 74 (DANFS) vs 80 (NavSource). (c) Displacement 620 (DANFS) vs 630 lt/755 fl (NavSource) vs 780d (Colton yard table). (d) Beam 36' (DANFS) vs 35' (NavSource). (e) Speed 16 kts (DANFS) vs 14 kts (NavSource). (f) Disposal: NavSource 'sold for scrapping 27 January 1974 to Al Kidman of Wilmington, CA., for $32,501' (carried - most specific) vs hazegray transcriber's note 'disposed of by Navy sale December 1973' (propagated to Wikipedia) vs Colton 'Scrapped 1973' - the discrepancy is between sale and scrapping-completion dates; unresolved at day level. (g) Propulsion: NavSource hull-specific 'Four Packard ID1700 diesel engines' (carried) vs class-overview 'aluminum block Waukesha diesels' (Wikipedia Aggressive-class) - engine vendor varied across the nine-yard build program; NavSource's per-hull value preferred. (h) Name collisions: AMc-77 (first Endurance, 1941-45); ARDM-3 ex-ARD-18 (floating drydock named Endurance 1968, stricken 1995 - overlapping this hull's final years); ussendurance.com now a Star Trek fan club; Endurance American Specialty Insurance Co. litigation collisions.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1995 (name collision window)
- Limitations
- Resolves or flags publication-level discrepancies; none affects identity or the custody timeline materially. Day-level MSO redesignation (7 Feb 1955) and decommission/strike (1 Jul 1972) are consistent across DANFS and NavSource. No asbestos content in any source cited here.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-11
-
[12]NARA, 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' - entry 'Endurance (AM/MSO-435)' (commission May 1954 - decommission July 1972), digitized deck logs 1956-1970 (e.g., NAID 214496577, January 1956); + NARA asbestos guided-topic record-group mapping (RG 19/24/181) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov deck-log index entry 'Endurance (AM/MSO-435)' (1956-1970); catalog.archives.gov/id/214496577; archives.gov/research/military/navy/guided-topics/asbestos
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - deck logs digitized but unreviewed; other items require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized; NARA catalog API requires a key this session): (a) NARA cataloged deck logs for 'Endurance (AM/MSO-435)' covering 1956-1970 - the documentary base for the post-1960 DANFS gap, the March-June 1969 Da Nang dockings, the 13 June 1969 collision and repair, the 1970 trawler action, and any machinery-space entries; (b) muster rolls for the 1954-72 commission; (c) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships records per the asbestos guided-topic page - hull files 'AM435'/'MSO435,' class correspondence under 'AM421 Class,' 'QM/J. M. Martinac' contract files, Minesweeper and Minelayer General Information Books (Entry P-11, Item S-68, 1940-1962), and hull-arranged Ship Engineering Drawings (S39 Insulation and Lagging, S48 Piping, S103 Booklets of General Plans) - the plausible home of hull-level material schedules; (d) Subic Bay/forward-repair records for the June 1969 collision repair; (e) the Navy disposal file for the 27 January 1974 Kidman sale (resolution path for the 1973-vs-1974 disposal discrepancy).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1954-1974 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for AM-435/MSO-435 is unknown until surveyed. Deck logs and muster rolls are personnel/operations records, not materials documentation; the BuShips design file is the best candidate for a material schedule. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-endurance-am435-12