Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS: 'Euryale (AS-22)' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Euryale (AS-22) entry. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-26; text verified via Wayback Machine capture 2025-12-09 (web.archive.org/web/20251209130331/https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/e/euryale.html).
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for Euryale (AS-22): 7,600-ton submarine tender, 492'6" x 69'6", complement 1,403, armament 1 x 5"/4 x 3", class 'Euryale'. Built 1941 by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Kearny, N.J., as Hawaiian Merchant; acquired by the Navy 15 April 1943; commissioned 2 December 1943, Captain H. A. Guthrie in command. WWII chronology: Brisbane arrival from New York 5 March 1944; Milne Bay, New Guinea 14 March-26 May (refitted submarines, repaired surface ships); Manus 28 May-11 August (established forward base and rest camp, refitted 26 submarines); Brisbane reload 16 August; Fremantle 28 August 1944-11 April 1945 tending submarines; Pearl Harbor until 16 August; Guam from 28 August (submarine base/rest camp); Okinawa and Sasebo from 16 September; maintained/prepared Japanese submarines for disposal until 12 January 1946; crossed to Pearl Harbor with a salvage ship and two Japanese submarines (towing one on the last leg); arrived San Francisco 22 February 1946; decommissioned and placed in reserve 7 October 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, construction, acquisition, commissioning, and operational chronology only. DANFS entry ends at decommissioning (reserve/disposal not covered); contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-01
-
[2]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - HAWAIIAN MERCHANT (Detail/8436) vessel status card (30A_01.png) and digitized custody card (HAWAIIAN MERCHANT.pdf); EURYALE (AS-22) (Detail/5883) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- MARAD ShipHistory Detail/8436 status card image and custody-card PDF; Detail/5883 (https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5883) ship particulars: year built 1941, Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock, C3-S-A2, 492 ft x 69 ft, fate 'Sold -NTU'.
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory vessel status card for HAWAIIAN MERCHANT (Off. No. 240536): type S. Cargo, C3-S-A2 (hand-annotated); DWT 12,430; Gross 7,775; Net 4,535; Hull No. 187; built by Federal S.B. & D.D. Co. at Kearny, N.J.; completed April 1941. Custody chain: basis to W.S.A. 1-24-42 8:00AM PST at San Francisco from Matson Navigation Co. (time charter); 4-7-42 5:00AM PWT San Francisco RTC; 4-15-43 4:10PM EWT at New York from Matson Navigation Co., R. Purch. (Navy Dept. purchase). Allocation rows show Matson Navigation Co. (TCA) at San Francisco 1-24-42 and 4-7-42, then Navy Dept. purchase at New York 4-15-43; renamed 'EURYALE' (AS-22). Companion custody card shows Matson Navigation Co. -> U.S. Maritime Commission -> War Department deliveries 1-24-42 at San Francisco. Return leg: Maritime Administration, returned at Bremerton, Washington 8-9-72; American Ship Dismantler, Inc. (Nontransportation Use), purchase 8-9-72; physical delivery 8-30-72 2:30PM PDST.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1972
- Limitations
- Authoritative for ownership/custody chain, construction particulars, and disposal milestones; card is hand-annotated and partially legible (values transcribed with care). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-02
-
[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, Record of Ship Sales, Form MA-20 (10-60), PD-X-943 / contract MA-6759 - EURYALE (AS-22) status card image 5883_AF.jpg [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- MARAD ShipHistory Detail/5883, Status Cards tab, 'Record of Ship Sales' image; parent record https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5883
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD Record of Ship Sales (Form MA-20) for EURYALE (AS-22), PD-X-943: auxiliary submarine tender; awarded to American Ship Dismantlers, Inc., date 8-9-72, purchase price $84,889.88; contract MA-6759; year built 1941; LOA 492 ft, extreme beam 69 ft; displacement full load 14,500 / light load 8,282; draft 25 ft; location of vessel Bremerton, Washington; built by Federal S.B. & D.D. Co., Kearney, N.J. Remarks: advertised under PD-X-943 dated 7-12-72, opened 8-4-72 under two conditions - (1) NTU [non-transportation use], (2) Scrap Hull-US; award under condition (1) NTU.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1972
- Limitations
- Primary disposal record: sale terms, price, buyer, and vessel location at sale. Secondary compilations (NavSource) print the price as $89,889.88; the card reads $84,889.88 - card adopted. Contains no asbestos or materials information; documents scrapping intent (NTU/scrap-hull conditions) but not the scrapping site or any abatement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-03
-
[4]U.S. Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images: 'USS Euryale (AS-22), 1943-1971' (ibiblio HyperWar mirror of NHHC content) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Online Library AS-22 page, narrative paragraph and photo captions NH 97841 / NH 77403
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Naval Historical Center Online Library of Selected Images page for USS Euryale (AS-22), 1943-1971: describes a 7,600-ton submarine tender built at Kearny, N.J. as civilian Hawaiian Merchant, commissioned December 1943; March 1944-April 1945 supported submarines in the southwestern Pacific (primarily Manus, Admiralty Islands and Fremantle, Australia); August 1945 Guam, September 1945 Japanese waters; based at Sasebo through year-end 1945 preparing Japanese submarines for disposal; escorted former enemy submarines to Pearl Harbor early 1946; decommissioned October 1946; ~25 years in Reserve Fleet; transferred to MARAD December 1971 and subsequently sold for scrapping. Photo NH 97841 documents Euryale at Sasebo, November 1945, with Japanese submarines I-401, I-14, I-400 alongside; photo NH 77403 documents arrival off San Francisco circa 22 February 1946; NARA-held images listed: 80-G-209569, 80-G-380204, 80-G-264330.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Limitations
- NHHC-curated narrative is accurate on operations but states the ship was 'acquired by the Navy while under construction' - compressed/incorrect: the MARAD status card documents completed merchant service 1941-1943 under Matson/WSA/Army/NTS before Navy purchase 1943-04-15. Contains no asbestos or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-04
-
[5]Stephen S. Roberts, 'U.S. Navy Auxiliary Ships: USS Euryale (AS-22)' class/ship notes, shipscribe.com (compiled from BuShips/NARA records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AS-22 class notes, construction and disposition tables, ship notes
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- BuShips-records compilation (shipscribe.com, S.S. Roberts): conversion of Hawaiian Merchant to Euryale (AS-22) performed at Todd Shipyards (Erie Basin), Brooklyn, N.Y., 13 April 1943 - 2 December 1943, to a Gibbs & Cox design derived from the AS-23 plans; VCNO designated the ship for tender conversion 29 October 1942; Auxiliary Vessels Board (9 May 1942) had recommended Navy purchase of a C3-type hull as AS-22. Ship notes: 'In USN reserve 1946-71 (in service in reserve as a reserve fleet accommodation ship at Bremerton from December 1959 to 1970). To buyer 30 Aug 72.' Disposition table: decomm. 7 Oct 46; strike 1 Dec 71; disposal 9 Aug 72; MA sale 9 Aug 72. The four Matson liners (Hawaiian Planter/Packer - Newport News; Hawaiian Merchant/Shipper - Federal) were built privately outside the Maritime Commission program though C3-resembling.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1972
- Limitations
- Secondary scholarly compilation of primary BuShips/NARA correspondence - not itself an official record; individual assertions (conversion dates/yard, Bremerton accommodation-ship service 1959-70) not independently verified against the underlying documents. Private-build (non-MC) characterization conflicts with NavSource's 'MC hull 187' phrasing - see gaps. Contains no asbestos statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-05
-
[6]Owens-Illinois, Inc., Industrial Health Survey of Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, NJ (Aug. 30-Sep. 2, 1944); introduced as Owens-Illinois interrogatory exhibit #20 in Heathman v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., Brazoria County TX (1990); via shipyards.json yard record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' / UCSF Industry Documents Library [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyard-exposure-map shipyards.json, yard_id federal-shipbuilding-kearny, evidence ev-federal-kearny-ihs-1944
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- An Owens-Illinois industrial health survey of Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J. (August 30-September 2, 1944 - wartime peak production) documented insulator work with asbestos pipe covering (Johns-Manville Superex) and boiler insulation in confined shipyard spaces, with dust counts measured during cutting and fitting. This is the yard that built this hull (launched/completed April 1941).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Shipyard insulators and pipefitters at Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny, NJ (era-level)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation: establishes asbestos product use at the builder yard during the wartime era (survey date 1944 postdates this hull's 1941 construction and 1943 departure); does not name this vessel, does not establish materials installed aboard this hull, and does not establish quantity, exposure, or causation. Survey conducted by a manufacturer with commercial interest; dust counts in mppcf.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-06
-
[7]Hansen v. Johns-Manville Products Corp., 734 F.2d 1036 (5th Cir. 1984); via shipyards.json yard record 'todd-shipyards', evidence ev-todd-02 [court_record]
- Locator
- 734 F.2d 1036; shipyard dataset yard record todd-shipyards (aliases include Erie Basin)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Hansen v. Johns-Manville Products Corp., 734 F.2d 1036 (5th Cir. 1984): Andrew Hansen worked for Todd Shipyards beginning in 1940 as a pipefitter, tearing out old insulation and installing new asbestos-containing insulation; developed asbestosis and mesothelioma; jury awarded $2,060,000 (including $1,000,000 punitive) against Johns-Manville; Fifth Circuit affirmed liability (remand on punitive quantum only). Todd Shipyards Corp. operated the Erie Basin, Brooklyn yard where this hull was converted to a tender in 1943.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940-1984
- Population
- Todd Shipyards pipefitter (1940s era)
- Limitations
- Affirmed-liability appellate decision against a product manufacturer (Johns-Manville); Todd Shipyards is the named worksite, not the liable defendant. Hansen's Todd employment was at Gulf Coast facilities (5th Cir. jurisdiction) - this hull's conversion yard was Todd Erie Basin, Brooklyn; the row documents era/corporate-level asbestos insulation work practice, not conditions at Erie Basin or aboard this hull. Does not name AS-22.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-07
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the program and era under which this hull was built (1941) and converted to a submarine tender (1943) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard naval and merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-08
-
[9]Edmonds v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation et al., No. 8:22-cv-00825-TPB-SPF (M.D. Fla.), Complaint and Sworn Information Form (Doc. 1-1), RECAP docket 63219119 [court_record]
- Locator
- Complaint Doc. 1-1, ~PageID 66-67: 'Specifically, Mr. Edmonds served aboard the USS Euryale (AS-22) during the years 1960-1961'; ship/location table 'USS Euryale (AS-22) - Machinist Mate'; sworn statement 'I was exposed to asbestos while serving... Specifically, I served aboard the USS Euryale (AS-22) during the years 1960-1961'. PDF: storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.flmd.400539/gov.uscourts.flmd.400539.1.1_2.pdf
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Asbestos personal-injury complaint and sworn information form identify the plaintiff Arnold Edmonds as a U.S. Navy Machinist Mate (1960-1964) who 'served aboard the USS Euryale (AS-22) during the years 1960-1961' and who states 'upon information and belief, I was exposed to asbestos while serving in the United States Navy from 1960-1964' aboard Euryale, USS Windsor (ARD-22), USS Saratoga (CV-60), and at Mayport Naval Shipyard. Filed in Hillsborough County, FL (22-CA-001513, filed 2022-02-22); removed to M.D. Fla. as Edmonds v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp. et al., 8:22-cv-00825-TPB-SPF (2022-04-06, 28:1442 removal, Nature of Suit 368 P.I. Asbestos); ~40 product-manufacturer defendants; docket terminated 2025-03-13.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1960-1961 alleged service; case 2022-2025
- Population
- Alleged exposed individual: U.S. Navy Machinist Mate aboard AS-22, 1960-1961 (pleading allegation)
- Limitations
- Pleading-stage allegation, classified at the least-final stage: a complaint's ship list is an allegation of exposure, not an adjudicated finding. No exposure finding, product identification, or causation determination aboard this hull was located in this record. The 1960-61 service claim is era-consistent with the hull's reserve-fleet accommodation-ship role at Bremerton (per secondary compilation) but that role is not established by this pleading. Termination 2025-03-13 shown on the docket; entry-level disposition (dismissal/settlement/judgment) not retrieved - docket-entry pull was rate-limited at record freeze.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-09
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 search (authenticated via cl-auth-search.py): "USS Euryale" (o): 0; "Euryale" (o): 10 collisions; "Euryale" (r): 3 hits classified [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-euryale-as22-09 through sl-uss-euryale-as22-13
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep (authenticated API v4) for this vessel: "USS Euryale" opinion search returned 0 results; bare "Euryale" opinion search returned 10 hits, all name collisions - 19th/early-20th-century matters referencing other vessels named Euryale (e.g., The Sapphire line of collision/salvage cases) or incidental text, none involving AS-22 and none asbestos; "Euryale" docket search returned 3 hits: Edmonds v. Air & Liquid Systems (carried as ev-uss-euryale-as22-09), Altera Infrastructure bankruptcy (S.D. Tex. - debtor vessel schedule text collision), and Thomson Reuters v. ROSS (sealed-exhibit text collision). No qualifying adjudicated asbestos opinion naming AS-22 located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Search absence is not proof no claim was ever filed naming this ship; unreported/settled trial-level matters, sealed filings, and non-indexed state dockets are outside coverage. The bare "AS-22" opinion sweep is intrinsically high-collision (Alaska Statutes Title 22 'AS 22' cites dominate) - reviewed hits were all collisions; the qualified "AS-22" asbestos sweep likewise produced only collisions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-10
-
[11]NARA record-group guidance (RG 24 deck logs; RG 19 BuShips; RG 248 WSA) plus NARA still-picture identifiers via NHHC Online Library AS-22 page [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov record-group guides; photo identifiers per NHHC Online Library page (ibiblio mirror)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 24 (Logs of U.S. Naval Ships and Stations) - USS Euryale deck logs 1943-46; NARA RG 38 / WWII war diaries; RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) correspondence and the Gibbs & Cox conversion plans for AS-22; RG 248 (War Shipping Administration) charter/allocation files for Hawaiian Merchant; NARA still-picture identifiers listed on the NHHC photo page: 80-G-209569 (aerial, off New York, 5 Jan 1944), 80-G-380204 (Seeadler Harbor, Manus, May 1944), 80-G-264330 (western Pacific, 26 Sep 1945), and NAID 204952857 (Seeadler Harbor, 25 Jul 1944, with USS Guavina and USS Bashaw alongside).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1972 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and item-identifier mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; whether any asbestos-specific document exists for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-11
-
[12]Consolidated negative finding across searched repositories [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-euryale-as22-01 through sl-uss-euryale-as22-12
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Negative finding: across the public sources searched (DANFS/NHHC, MARAD ShipHistory incl. digitized status and sales cards, NHHC Online Library, shipscribe, NavSource, shipbuilding-history yard lists, shipyards.json), no ship-specific asbestos record was located for AS-22 - no hull survey, abatement contract, hazmat/donation disclosure, or adjudicated asbestos case. The hull was scrapped in 1972, so no preservation-layer documentation (survey, museum hazmat, NRHP) can exist; only archival-era documents (construction/conversion records) could document original materials. The only litigation record located is a pleading-stage allegation (ev-uss-euryale-as22-09), which is not an exposure finding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1941 steam cargo hull converted to a tender in 1943 is era-consistent with asbestos-containing original materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-euryale-as22-12
