Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (NHHC), 'Everglades' (AD-24) entry - ship characteristics and service narrative through end of 1960 (verbatim text also transcribed at hazegray mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Everglades' (history.navy.mil /danfs/e/everglades.html; Wayback capture 2024-12-07; hazegray transcription https://losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/auxil/ad24.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS: Everglades (AD-24: dp. 8,165; l. 492'; b. 69'9"; dr. 27'6"; s. 18 k.; cpl. 826; a. 1 5", 4 3"; cl. Klondike), named for the Florida Everglades. Launched 1945-01-28 'by the Todd Shipyard Corp., San Pedro, Calif.'; sponsored by Mrs. Anne E. Richardson; completed 1946-05-23. Never commissioned; turned over to the San Diego Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet for inactivation 1947-05-15. Commissioned for the first time 1951-05-25, Captain Thomas M. Brown commanding (Korean War activation). After shakedown, transited the Panama Canal to Norfolk, Va., for duty with Destroyer Force, Atlantic - 'repairing Norfolk-based destroyers and servicing ships in the Caribbean or the Mediterranean where she has made four extensive cruises through the end of 1960.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Crew (~826 per DANFS); destroyer crews serviced alongside
- Limitations
- Official ship-history narrative; the entry text ends in 1960 - later service, Charleston homeport, decommissioning, striking, NISMF layup, and disposal are not covered by this source. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or condition information. Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-19; text verified via Wayback capture 2024-12-07 of the canonical page and independently via the hazegray transcription mirror.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-01
-
[2]Shipscribe.com (S. S. Roberts compilation of official U.S. Navy/Maritime Commission records), Klondike (AD-22) class page - construction table, class notes, disposition table, and AD-24 ship note [other_primary]
- Locator
- AD-22 class page - Construction table (AD-24 row), Class Notes (1942-44 contract/yard history), Disposition table, Ship Notes (AD-24)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Navy-records compilation: class design 'Navy C3' (Navy adaptation of the Maritime Commission C3, duplicating USS Cascade AD-16 with ~90% of working plans; George S. Sharp design agent; plans based on MARKAB AD-21 conversion). AD-24 ordered 1942-12-02 from Los Angeles Shipbuilding & Dry Dock; keel 1944-06-26; launched 1945-01-28; commissioned 1951-05-25. Builder history: Navy requisitioned the Los Angeles yard 1943-12-03, turned it over to Todd Shipyards Corp., N.Y. as managing agent 1943-12-09, and awarded a new contract to Todd Shipyards Corp., San Pedro 1944-07-10. Ship note for AD-24: 'Completed by Bethlehem Steel Co., Terminal Is., San Pedro, Cal. (order 1 Feb 45, transferred 12 Feb 45). Accepted without commissioning in inactivated condition 6 May 47. In USN reserve 1946-51. To NDRF and title to MA 2 Jul 90.' Class notes record that AD-24 was transferred a few days after launching at about 40% complete to Bethlehem San Pedro for completion, to free Todd San Pedro labor for AV-11-13, AD-22 and AD-25. Disposition table: decommissioned 1970-08-15; stricken 1989-05-24; disposal 1990-07-02 (MA/T - MARAD title transfer); MA sale 1991-09-18. Machinery: G.E. turbine, 1 screw, 8,500 HP; complement 741 (1944).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1942-1991
- Population
- Contractor/yard trades (LA SB&DD / Todd San Pedro, Bethlehem Terminal Island, 1944-46); Pacific Reserve Fleet inactivation crews (1947)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official records - reliable for dates/milestones but not itself a primary document. Contains no asbestos or materials information; the 'Navy C3' design lineage and yard transfers establish construction facts only. Whether any abatement or material removal occurred during construction, completion, or later layups is not addressed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-02
-
[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - EVERGLADES (AD-24), Ship History Detail 1498, incl. digitized Form MA-383 'Reserve Fleet - Ship Particulars' status card (1498_2769AF.jpg) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 1498 - characteristic fields, milestone table, status-card image /cards/1498_2769AF.jpg, image captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record: EVERGLADES (AD-24), year built 1945, shipyard 'Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Corporation', Naval Auxiliary / AD Destroyer Tender, MARAD type Military; length 492 ft, beam 69 ft, gross 16,635 tons; fate 'Sold - Scrap'. Milestones: Acquisition 1990-07-02 ('No entry; MARAD TITLE only'); Interim Movement 1990-07-02; Disposition 1991-12-11; Withdrawal 1991-12-11. Status card (Form MA-383): fleet location 'Naval Ship Yard, Phil., PA'; builder 'Los Angeles SB&DD'; date built 'Jan 1945'; specifications LOA 492', breadth 69', gross 16,635 t, DWT 8,360, speed 18.4 kn; 'OTHER DATA: ** Title Transferred to MARAD 7/2/90 at NSY-Phila.'; withdrawn handwritten entries 'sold' (date partially legible, 11/4/91) and 'delivered 12/11/91'; reason 'Sold for Scrap'. Image set includes U.S. Navy construction photographs captioned 'under construction at Bethlehem Shipyard in San Pedro, California' dated 1944-07-10 through 1945-12-08, including engine-room and meat-refrigerator-space views.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1944-1991
- Population
- NISMF Philadelphia caretaker/support personnel (1970-1989)
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones and disposal; no asbestos, materials, or hull-condition information. The 'Bethlehem Shipyard' photo captions are anachronistic for pre-February-1945 frames - the hull was then at the Todd-operated LA SB&DD yard (Bethlehem completion began after the 1945-02-12 transfer per shipscribe contract history); captions handled in the correction row. 'MARAD TITLE only' notation indicates MARAD never took physical custody.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-03
-
[4]NavSource Online, Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Everglades (AD-24) page 09/03/0324 (contributor-compiled chronology, awards box, photo captions incl. Palomares 1966) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 09/03/0324 chronology, specifications block, awards box, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compilation (post-1960 record, where DANFS ends): laid down 1944-06-26 'under a Maritime Commission contract at Todd-Pacific Shipyards Inc., San Pedro, CA'; launched 1945-01-28; laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego Group 1947-05-15; commissioned 1951-05-25; decommissioned 1970 at Charleston, S.C.; struck from the Naval Register 1989-05-24; 'Laid up at the NISMF, Philadelphia, used as a support ship'; title transferred to MARAD 1990-07-02 for lay up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet; 'Final Disposition, sold for scrapping at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, delivered, 11 December 1991.' Photo caption: 'USS Everglades (AD-24) anchored off the beach at Palomare[s], Spain in support of the B52 Broken Arrow Incident cleanup, January-February 1966.' Awards box: Navy Unit Commendation; Navy Occupation Service Medal with Europe clasp; National Defense Service Medal (2). Call sign NBYQ.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1944-1991
- Population
- NISMF support-ship personnel; Palomares cleanup support crew (1966)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archive - not an official source; used as lead corroboration for the post-1960 timeline. 'Maritime Commission contract' framing conflicts with shipscribe's documented Navy-contract history (Navy contract to LA SB&DD 1942-12-02; the C3 was the design lineage, not the contract vehicle) - treated as loose phrasing, not relied on. Awards box not verified against the official CNO awards listing. Direct fetch of navsource.org failed at research date; content verified via search-index text of the same page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-04
-
[5]USS Everglades (AD-24) veterans' association site - history.htm, phil-ad24.htm, lastrun.pdf (crew-compiled ship history and reported MARAD/broker disposal details) [other_primary]
- Locator
- usseverglades.org history.htm, phil-ad24.htm, lastrun.pdf
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Veterans' association record: decommissioned 1970-08-15 at Charleston, S.C. and towed to Philadelphia; served 'as special service accommodation ship ... used as the hub of repair and maintenance in the Philadelphia yard until May 24th 1989' when stricken. Reports per MARAD records a $715,122 sale for scrap on 1991-09-04 from NSY Philadelphia; A. L. Burbank Shipbrokers of Ft. Lee, NJ acted as agents for buyer INCOM Limited (Singapore); INCOM had the hull towed 1991-12-14 to breaker yards at Alang, India, arriving January 1992. Narrative also records seven Mediterranean deployments (vs. DANFS 'four ... through the end of 1960' - consistent over the longer span to 1970), the first Atlantic-based destroyer tender to operate the DASH helicopter (1964), Engineering 'E' awards 1964-1966, and the first tender removal/replacement of two 5"/54 gun mounts from a destroyer (1967, cited by RADM C. J. Van Arsdall).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1945-1992
- Population
- Crew and veterans' association members (memory record)
- Limitations
- Unofficial veterans' reunion site - single-source for the sale price, buyer chain (Burbank/INCOM), and Alang destination; internally inconsistent elsewhere (keel 'laid 2 January 1945' vs. 1944-06-26 documented; 'built in Todd Ship Yard Seattle' in lastrun.pdf vs. San Pedro in history.htm). The $715,122 figure is attributed there to MARAD records and the disposal office but is not on the digitized status card. Carried as corroborating narrative only; none of these details establish anything about asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-05
-
[6]Franke, Kara, and Dennis J. Paustenbach, 'Government and Navy knowledge regarding health hazards of asbestos: A state of the science evaluation (1900 to 1970),' Inhalation Toxicology 23(sup3):1-20 (2011), PMID 22200078 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Review, historical-use section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed state-of-the-science review documents that beginning in the 1880s and continuing well into the 1950s, amosite and chrysotile asbestos fibers (and to a lesser extent crocidolite) were used extensively as insulating materials on U.S. naval ships because of their incombustibility, low thermal conductivity, light weight, and strength - covering this hull's entire 1944-46 construction period and 1951-70 commissioned service.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1900-1970 review; hull era 1944-1991
- Population
- U.S. naval personnel and shipyard workers, 1880s-1950s (era context)
- Limitations
- Navy-wide era review, not a hull record - does not name this vessel. Establishes that asbestos insulation was standard naval practice in this hull's era, not that it was installed aboard this hull. Quantity, location, present-day presence (hull scrapped 1992), individual exposure, and causation are unestablished.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-06
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this Navy C3-type destroyer tender was built (keel 1944-06-26, launched 1945-01-28, completed 1946-05-23).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Construction straddled the wartime/postwar boundary (completed May 1946), and the hull was scrapped overseas in 1992 - no surviving fabric to survey.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-07
-
[8]Oxford v. Foster Wheeler LLC, 177 Cal.App.4th 700, 99 Cal.Rptr.3d 418 (Cal. App. 1st Dist., No. A121577, filed 2009-09-09); San Francisco Superior Ct. No. 440328 [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion text, Factual Background and Procedural History sections I-III; 177 Cal.App.4th 700
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Published appellate opinion documenting the destroyer-tender asbestos pathway at a sister hull: the first amended complaint alleged Calvin Oxford was exposed to asbestos 1963-1967 while assigned to the boiler repair shop of USS Klondike (AD-22) - 'a United States Navy vessel that functioned as a repair ship for other Navy warships' - and while working at shipyards including Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Trial evidence recited that Navy specifications required asbestos in Foster Wheeler D-type boilers' insulation, handhole/manhole gaskets, flange gaskets, and economizer parts, and that repair-shop work required removing, installing, disturbing, and handling asbestos-containing products on serviced warships' boilers. The jury's negligence verdict was vacated on appeal as irreconcilably inconsistent and remanded for new trial. Everglades performed the same repair-ship function for the Atlantic destroyer force during the same era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1963-1967 (alleged exposure at sister hull); 2006-2009 (litigation)
- Population
- Destroyer-tender repair-shop personnel (class context; Klondike assignment litigated)
- Limitations
- The opinion names USS Klondike (AD-22), NOT this hull - class-level context only; no litigation naming USS Everglades was located. Trial-testimony recitation in an appellate opinion records what was litigated, not a finding that exposures occurred; the negligence verdict was vacated (inconsistent-verdict grounds), so no affirmed judgment exists. Does not establish asbestos content of Everglades' own plant or fabric, individual exposure aboard this hull, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-08
-
[9]DANFS 'Everglades' (launching yard, sponsor, completion/inactivation dates); shipscribe AD-22 class notes + AD-24 ship note (contract/yard history, Bethlehem transfer, acceptance dates, disposal dates); MARAD ShipHistory 1498 fields + status card + photo captions; NavSource 09/03/0324; ussseverglades.org pages; Wikipedia infobox (sale date 1991-09-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe AD-22 class notes + ship note; MARAD Detail 1498 (shipyard field, status card, image captions); NavSource 09/03/0324; ussseverglades.org; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Everglades_(AD-24) infobox
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved: (a) Builder attribution - DANFS 'Todd Shipyard Corp.', MARAD field 'Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Corporation', MARAD photo captions 'Bethlehem Shipyard', NavSource 'Todd-Pacific Shipyards Inc.', veterans' site 'Todd shipyard, San Pedro' / 'Bethlehem Steel Corporation ... Terminal Island' - shipscribe's contract history reconciles all three: Navy contract to LA SB&DD 1942-12-02; yard requisitioned and Todd-operated from 1943-12; this hull transferred ~40% complete 1945-02-12 to Bethlehem Steel, Terminal Island for completion. MARAD 'Bethlehem Shipyard' captions on photos dated before that transfer (e.g., 1944-07-10) are anachronistic. (b) Keel date - shipscribe and NavSource give 1944-06-26, consistent with dated MARAD construction photos from 1944-07-10; the veterans' site's '2 January 1945' is contradicted and excluded, as is lastrun.pdf's 'Todd Ship Yard Seattle'. (c) Sponsor - DANFS 'Mrs. Anne E. Richardson' vs. MARAD caption 'Mrs. Jack C. Richardson' - same person under era naming convention; DANFS form carried. (d) Sale cluster - MARAD card handwritten 'sold' date partially legible (11/4/91) with 'delivered 12/11/91'; MARAD milestones Disposition/Withdrawal 1991-12-11; shipscribe MA sale 1991-09-18; Wikipedia/veterans' site 1991-09-04; 'removed from Philadelphia Reserve Fleet 14 December 1991' (Wiki) - consistent Sep-1991 sale / Dec-1991 delivery sequence; exact sale date carried as a range, not asserted. (e) Complement - 826 (DANFS) vs. 741 (1944, shipscribe) - DANFS figure carried, variance logged. (f) Name collision - web-indexed 'Everglades' court hits are Port Everglades (Florida seaport) maritime/longshore cases, Everglades Shipping Corp. v. Shree Laxmi Trading Corp. (S.D.N.Y. marine contract), and Florida Everglades environmental litigation - none name this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1942-1992
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies and preempts name collisions; no asbestos content in any of these sources. The physical separation of the construction yard (LA SB&DD/Todd, San Pedro) and completion yard (Bethlehem, Terminal Island) matters for locating construction-period documentation - the hull moved between two different facilities.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-09
-
[10]NARA, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' (archives.gov guided topic, RG 19 Bureau of Ships series index); NARA RG 24 deck logs guidance [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA guided-topic page (RG 19 correspondence/specification series list); NARA naval deck logs guidance (RG 24)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (existence confirmed at collection level, not retrieved): (a) NARA's official asbestos research guide indexes RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) specification files and correspondence beginning in 1940 - which DOES cover this hull's 1942-46 construction contracts, outfitting specifications, and the LA SB&DD / Todd / Bethlehem completion records (unlike pre-1940 hulls outside the indexed series); (b) RG 24 deck logs for the 1951-1970 commissioned period - the likeliest record of alongside-repair operations, tender availabilities, and any recorded material handling; (c) NISMF Philadelphia inactive-ship maintenance and custody records for the 1970-1989 support-ship period; (d) NHHC photographic collections holding the U.S. Navy construction photos mirrored in the MARAD image set.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1942-1991 records
- Limitations
- Collection-level existence only; no box-level retrieval performed and no asbestos-specific documents identified - nothing in this row is an asbestos finding. Whether the RG 19 series or NISMF records contain insulation-material information for this hull is unknown until surveyed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-10
-
[11]Batch-454 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS (via Wayback) + hazegray transcription; shipscribe AD-22 page; MARAD ShipHistory 1498 + status card; NavSource; NVR; CourtListener API/UI (blocked); web-indexed court sweep; VA BVA index; veterans' association site [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-everglades-ad24-01 through sl-uss-everglades-ad24-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, specification itemization, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Everglades (AD-24) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The only litigation surface located is a VA Board of Veterans' Appeals PTSD decision (No. 0527789, 2005-10-14) naming the ship - other litigation, non-qualifying for asbestos. CourtListener access was rate-limited/blocked during this pass (API 429, 125/day exhausted, ~6h backoff; web UI 403), so a dedicated name/hull opinion and RECAP docket sweep is incomplete; web-indexed court-record searches returned only name collisions (Port Everglades, Everglades Shipping Corp., Florida Everglades environmental suits). Law-firm/listicle pages asserting asbestos aboard (asbestos-ships.com, gorilaw.com, mesotheliomaveterans.org) are uncited marketing content - consulted to establish coverage, never cited as evidence.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-46 steam auxiliary is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation, gaskets, and packing, and her repair-ship role matches the pathway litigated at sister Klondike. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Litigation search incomplete pending a CourtListener pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-everglades-ad24-11