Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet ae-packet.md (9 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-frederick-funston-apa89-pkt-ae-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'USS Frederick Funston (APA-89)' (Naval History Division; HyperWar/ibiblio transcription); shipscribe APA-89 construction table; shipbuildinghistory Todd Tacoma hull list [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS APA-89 entry spec line and opening paragraph; shipscribe construction table (keel 21 Apr 41); toddtacoma.htm yard hull 6 / MC 167 row. NHHC canonical live URL returned 404 on 2026-09-25 (link rot consistent with Batch-01 standing defect) - transcription mirror cited.
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Maritime Commission hull 167, built under MC contract (Military Program, ordered 30 Sep 1940) for the U.S. Army to a special C3 design (C3-S1-A3) by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Wash.; laid down 21 April 1941; launched 27 September 1941, sponsored by Miss Barbara E. Funston (namesake Maj. Gen. Frederick Funston, Medal of Honor); completed and delivered to the Army 28 October 1942 (shipscribe; toddtacoma yard list gives delivery 11 November 1942 - variance logged). DANFS spec line: dp 7,000; l 492'; b 69'6"; dr 26'6"; s 16 k.; cpl 576; a 1 5", 2 3"; class Frederick Funston.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940-1943
- Population
- Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding construction workforce 1941-42 (inference, not a documented exposure group); USAT crew 1942-43
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, builder, MC contract, construction milestones, and spec line only. Contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement; supports no asbestos claim. Army delivery date conflicts: shipscribe 28 Oct 1942 vs shipbuildinghistory yard list 11 Nov 1942 - both reported, unresolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-01
-
[3]Shipscribe.com, Frederick Funston (APA-89) class notes (transcribed Bureau of Ships correspondence and records); shipbuildinghistory.com Naval ships AP tabulation ('AP 48 Frederick Funston ... Cancelled'; 'AP 178 Frederick Funston (ex-AP 48)') [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe APA-89 class notes paragraphs 1-2; shipbuildinghistory.com/navalships/ap.htm AP-48 and AP-178 rows
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- AP-48 was an assigned-but-cancelled designation, not a separate ship - AP-48, APA-89, USAT Frederick Funston, and T-AP-178/AP-178 are one hull (MC 167). Per shipscribe's BuShips-derived class notes: on 29 September 1941 the Acting CNO asked the Bureau of Ships to assign hull numbers to six Army transports plus two new C3s under MC construction; they were designated AP 42-49 before end of October 1941 (this hull = AP-48). The Army, with Navy assistance, converted the still-incomplete AP 48-49 to combat-unit-loaded transports (Welin triple-bank gravity davits replacing ordinary lifeboat davits; armament revised from 4-5"/38 DP to 1-5"/51 SP + 3-3"/50 AA). Navy manning was deferred July 1941 and officially cancelled 30 March 1942; on 10 August 1942 the VCNO confirmed the Navy would not acquire the ships. In April 1943 the Army turned the ships over at New York, where they were commissioned directly as APA-89 and APA-90.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1943
- Limitations
- Designation-chain documentation only - resolves the AP-48/APA-89 consolidation required by the batch spec (one canonical hull under APA-89; the tier-1 record keyed on AP-48 maps to this record). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-02
-
[4]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'USS Frederick Funston (APA-89)' (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription); NavSource campaign tabulation corroborates dates [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS APA-89 entry, service-narrative paragraphs 2-4; NavSource APA-89 campaign tables
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- World War II service narrative (DANFS): sailed from Norfolk 8 June 1943 for rehearsal landings on the Algerian coast; arrived off the Sicily assault beaches 10 July 1943, landing troops through heavy surf; trained at Oran then lay off Salerno 8-10 September 1943 landing soldiers; returned to North Africa for reinforcements landed at Salerno 22-23 September; three Oran-Naples voyages carrying Army service troops, engineers, and rangers; carried paratroopers to Northern Ireland, then New York, arriving 31 December 1943. Pacific: embarked Naval Construction Battalions at Davisville, R.I., arriving Honolulu 16 March 1944; landed Marines in the initial Saipan assault 15 June 1944, offloaded cargo and embarked casualties; reinforced Guam 24 July; sailed from Manus 14 October for Leyte, landing troops and cargo 21 October and reinforcements (embarked at Aitape) 14 November; Lingayen Gulf initial landings 9 January 1945 (a lookout shot a suicide swimmer 50 yards from the ship that night); lay off Iwo Jima through the assault, landed reserve troops 27 February, carried casualties to Guam 8 March; replaced landing craft at Guadalcanal, exercised at Noumea through April; west-coast overhaul May 1945 (yard unspecified in DANFS); Philippines inter-island transport duty 3 October-8 December 1945; occupation troops to the Marianas and veterans home 22 December-7 February 1946. Decommissioned and returned to the Army 4 April 1946; six battle stars for WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1943-1946
- Population
- Ship's company 576 plus embarked troops up to ~2,200 per voyage; casualties embarked off Saipan and Iwo Jima 1944-45
- Limitations
- Service history and campaign credit only - establishes crewed periods and operating areas; contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement. Crew (576) plus embarked troops (capacity ~2,200) and embarked casualties were aboard during assault, shuttle, and return operations - presence, not exposure evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-03
-
[5]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USNS Frederick Funston (T-AP-178) ex USAT ... USS Frederick Funston (APA-89) ... USAT Frederick Funston' (10/03/03089) - chronological list and campaign tables [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource APA-89 page: chronology entries 1946-1970, Korean War campaign table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Post-Navy career and disposal (NavSource chronology): returned to the U.S. Army Transportation Service and recommissioned as USAT Frederick Funston, operating out of Seattle. Reacquired by the Navy 28 April 1950 and placed in service with the Military Sea Transportation Service as USNS Frederick Funston (T-AP-178), Civil Service crew; Korean War service in the North Korean Aggression campaign 3-5 August 1950 (one battle star). Placed out of service 10 February 1960 at Olympia, WA; transferred to MARAD for lay-up in the Olympia NDRF the same date. Sold for scrapping 21 May 1969 to Zidell Explorations Inc.; withdrawn from the Olympia Reserve Fleet 19 June 1969; scrapping completed 28 July 1970.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1946-1970
- Population
- Civilian MSTS mariners 1950-1960; USAT crews 1946-50; NDRF Olympia custody
- Limitations
- Service/custody milestones only - no asbestos content. MSTS transfer dated 28 April 1950 here; shipscribe gives reacquisition/reclassification effective 1 March 1950 with Naval Register listing 28 April 1950 - reconciled (effective date 1 Mar, list date 28 Apr). Second strike date listed 'unknown' here vs shipscribe 1 July 1961 - shipscribe adopted. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-04
-
[6]Shipscribe.com, USS Frederick Funston (APA-89) class page - ship notes table (APA-89 row, MC# 167) and class notes paragraph 3 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe APA-89 ship notes and disposition table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard-work events on this hull (shipscribe BuShips-derived ship notes): Navy conversion by Todd Shipyards, Hoboken, N.J., in April 1943 - relatively brief because the Army had already fitted combat-loaded features; the ships remained Army property, officially operated by the Navy under Army direction for the war's duration. Postwar: initial Army conversion at San Francisco mid-1946; full Army conversion awarded ~December 1947 to Bethlehem Steel, San Francisco, begun late January 1948 and completed ~November 1948 (conversion back to civilian-manned Army transport as designed in 1940). Disposition table: decommissioned 10 Feb 60; stricken 1 Jul 61; MA sale 21 May 69.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1943-1969
- Population
- Todd Shipyards Hoboken workforce (Apr 1943); Bethlehem Steel San Francisco workforce (Jan-Nov 1948)
- Limitations
- Documents the April 1943 Todd Hoboken Navy conversion and the Jan-Nov 1948 Bethlehem Steel San Francisco conversion as dated yard events on this hull, plus the MSTS-era strike date (1 Jul 1961) that NavSource lists as unknown. Contains no asbestos or insulation statement - any asbestos scope within these conversions is inference only and is not asserted.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-05
-
[7]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - FREDERICK FUNSTON (APA-89 / AP-178), Ship History Detail 1756 (incl. digitized status card) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 1756 - data fields, milestones table, status-card scan, attached documents
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record 'FREDERICK FUNSTON (APA-89 / AP-178)', Ship History Detail 1756: Year Built 1942; Shipyard Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation; MARAD type C3-S1-A3; length 492 ft, beam 70 ft; 11,971 gross / 8,605 net tons; fate 'Sold - Scrap'; missions World War II and Korean War; custody milestones - entry/acquisition 2/10/1960 (NDRF), disposition and withdrawal 6/19/1969. A digitized vessel status card and a vessel PDF are attached to the record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1942-1969
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones; corroborates the 1960 NDRF entry and 1969 withdrawal/sale dates. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-06
-
[8]MARAD ShipHistory Detail 1756 (field 'MARAD Type C3-S1-A3'); shipscribe class header (Design: MC C3-S1-A3); shipbuildinghistory.com Todd Tacoma row 6; NavSource APA-89 ('C3-S-A1') [other_primary]
- Locator
- toddtacoma.htm yard hull 6 row: 'APA 89 Frederick Funston (MC 167) ... C3-S1-A3 ... 11,971 ... Delivered 11-Nov-42 ... scrapped 1969'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Maritime Commission design-type string reported inconsistently across authoritative sources for this hull: MARAD ShipHistory and shipscribe list 'C3-S1-A3'; the shipbuildinghistory Todd Tacoma yard list also gives 'C3-S1-A3' (yard hull 6, MC 167); NavSource states 'C3-S-A1'; NavSource's sister-ship (APA-90) and DANFS-family references use 'C3-S-A1'/'C3-S1-A3' interchangeably. C3-S1-A3 is adopted in this record as the preponderant designation (MARAD + shipscribe + yard list).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941 design records; sources 1942-2026
- Limitations
- Designation-label variance only - all sources agree on the same physical hull (MC 167, Seattle-Tacoma, delivered Oct-Nov 1942). The correct MC type-string would be resolved by Commission contract records (RG 178, archival lead). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-07
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program (Maritime Commission Military Program contract, 1941-42) under which this C3-type steam transport was built and her steam plant specified and insulated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish asbestos was or was not aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Carried for era context consistent with batch exemplars.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-08
-
[10]Machinery and yard data: NavSource APA-89 specifications block and shipscribe APA-89 ship notes (boiler/turbine fit, conversion yards and dates); era inference per Corn & Starr (AJIM 1987) WWII shipbuilding documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource APA-89 specifications; shipscribe APA-89 ship notes
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference applied to this hull's documented plant: a 1941-42 steam transport with two oil-fired Foster Wheeler 'D'-type boilers supplying an Allis-Chalmers geared turbine at 520 psi/765 F falls within the boiler-lagging and steam-line-insulation pathway typical of the era - boiler and fireroom insulation, steam-line and turbine lagging, valve/flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation were standard asbestos applications on steam auxiliaries of this period. The ship's April 1943 Navy conversion (Todd Shipyards, Hoboken) and January-November 1948 Army conversion (Bethlehem Steel, San Francisco) are documented yard events at which insulation work would have occurred if present; its 1969-70 dismantling at Zidell is the analogous terminal event.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1970
- Population
- Sea-Tac Tacoma construction trades (1941-42); Todd Hoboken conversion workforce (1943); Bethlehem SF conversion workforce (1948); engineering/maintenance crews all periods; Zidell dismantling workforce (1969-70)
- Limitations
- The machinery fit and conversion events are ship-specific and documented; the asbestos content is not - no located source names any insulation material aboard this hull. The sister hull James O'Hara (APA-90) has litigation-record evidence (Woo v. GE, Wash. Ct. App. 2017, summary-judgment posture) that asbestos-containing insulation, packing, and gaskets served the same class's steam turbines - relevant corroborating context for the class, but it does not document materials aboard THIS hull and is not asserted as ship-specific here. Does not establish quantity, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-09
-
[11]Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' community advisory document (Portland Harbor site); U.S. Coast Guard Regulated Navigation Area rule, 77 FR 2012-7784 (2012) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ Zidell cleanup summary: site history ('Purchased by Zidell in 1946: 336 ships dismantled over 30 years'), contaminants list (incl. 'Asbestos'), abatement bullet; 77 FR 2012-7784
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Final disposition places the hull at a documented asbestos-contaminated ship-dismantling site: sold for scrapping 21 May 1969 to Zidell Explorations Inc., Portland, OR; withdrawn from Olympia NDRF 19 June 1969; scrapping completed 28 July 1970 (NavSource; MARAD milestones corroborate withdrawal). Oregon DEQ records for the Zidell waterfront property state the company dismantled 336 ships over ~30 years after 1946 and identify asbestos among site contaminants (with metals, PCBs, TBT, petroleum hydrocarbons); the completed remedy included a certified asbestos-abatement project with air monitoring and bulk ACM disposal; a 2012 USCG Federal Register rule established a regulated navigation area to protect the engineered sediment cap.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1969-70 scrapping; site assessment/remediation 1987-2012
- Population
- Zidell ship-breaking workforce, Portland 1946-1970s (site-level, not hull-linked)
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental record only. Establishes that this hull was dismantled at a yard whose post-fact cleanup documented asbestos within the ship-dismantling waste stream; it does NOT attribute asbestos to this specific hull, documents no per-vessel hazmat survey (none existed in 1969-70), and establishes no individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-10
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 search (opinion type=o and docket type=r indexes) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-frederick-funston-06 through sl-uss-frederick-funston-09
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep (authenticated API v4, fleet-paced, 2026-09-25): '"Frederick Funston"' opinion search returned 0 results; '"USS Frederick Funston"', '"T-AP-178"', 'Funston asbestos', and 'Funston mesothelioma' opinion searches returned 0 results; '"APA-89" asbestos' returned 1 result (3M Company and Subsidiaries, U.S. Tax Court 2023 - 'APA-89' string collision on an advance-pricing-agreement exhibit, non-qualifying); '"Frederick Funston"' docket search returned 3 results, all name collisions (Frederick Funston Smartt Chapter 13 bankruptcy, Bankr. W.D.N.C. 17-10050; Chicago Teachers Union v. Board of Education and Quinn v. Board of Education, N.D. Ill., concerning Funston elementary school). No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull located under any designation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- CourtListener covers published opinions and RECAP dockets; unreported dispositions, settled cases, and non-digitized filings are not captured. Claims may also proceed under operator/defendant names (Army Transportation Service, MSTS, Todd Shipyards, Zidell) without naming the hull. Absence of a located case does not establish absence of claims or of exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-11
-
[13]Batch-2388 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription; NavSource 10/03/03089; shipscribe APA-89; MARAD ShipHistory 1756; shipbuildinghistory Todd Tacoma; CourtListener name/hull sweeps; Oregon DEQ Zidell; excluded secondary sources [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-frederick-funston-01 through sl-uss-frederick-funston-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazardous-material inventory, museum disclosure, or docketed case naming this hull (under any designation - AP-48, APA-89, T-AP-178/AP-178, USAT/USNS Frederick Funston) was found in the public sources searched. DANFS, NavSource, shipscribe, MARAD ShipHistory (including the digitized status card), and the shipbuildinghistory yard list contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement. The hull was scrapped in 1969-70, predating modern hazmat documentation regimes; no preservation record exists. Law-firm marketing pages list the ship on generic Navy-asbestos rosters (a national mesothelioma firm's ship list and a lead-generation 'asbestos ships' page) - non-authoritative, unsourced, excluded from evidence.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1941-42 high-pressure steam plant and documented 1943/1948 conversion periods are era-consistent with installed asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-12
-
[14]NARA, '1941-1959 Deck Logs, including World War 2 and the Korean War' and 'Logbooks of the US Navy at the National Archives' (RG 24 Entry 118); NARA Guide to Federal Records, RG 336, RG 178, and RG 19 group pages [other_primary]
- Locator
- RG 24 Entry 118 deck-log series (Archives II, College Park); https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/178.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - research-room or reproduction order required; no spend authorized): (1) NARA Record Group 24, Entry 118 (U.S. Navy ship deck logs 1941-1959) should hold this ship's commissioned-period logs (April 1943-April 1946) - digitization status for APA-89 unverified; (2) Records of the Office of the Chief of Transportation (RG 336) for the Army Transport Service periods 1942-43 and 1946-50, incl. the Bethlehem Steel 1948 conversion file; (3) MSTS/USNS operational records for the T-AP-178 period 1950-60; (4) U.S. Maritime Commission records (RG 178) - contract and construction files for MC hull 167, incl. outfitting specifications potentially naming insulation materials and machinery suppliers; (5) BuShips records (RG 19) for the April 1943 Todd Hoboken conversion work package and the 1941-42 AP-48 designation correspondence quoted by shipscribe; (6) the MARAD vessel file underlying the digitized status card at ShipHistory Detail 1756.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1970 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for MC hull 167/APA-89 (conversion work packages, material schedules) is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-frederick-funston-13