USS Fulmar (AMC-46)

Evidence

9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).

1. [1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. II (1963, reprint with corrections 1969), Naval History Division - 'Fulmar' I entry, p. 455; verbatim full-text scan via Internet Archive [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   archive.org/details/dictionaryofamer02wash - Fulmar entry, p. 455 (also the Fulmar II stub: 'The second Fulmar (AMS-47) was until 1 September 1947, YMS-193 (q.v.)')

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS entry for Fulmar I (AMC-46), Vol. II p. 455: coastal minesweeper launched 25 February 1941 by Greenport Basin and Construction Co., Greenport, L.I., N.Y.; sponsored by Mrs. A. V. Walters; commissioned 25 June 1941, Lieutenant (junior grade) A. Russell, USNR, in command. 'Fulmar carried out minesweeping operations out of Newport, R.I., and from September 1941, out of Portland, Maine, until arriving at Miami, Fla., 21 September 1944. There she acted as target for motor torpedo boats undergoing training for the next year. Arriving at Charleston, S.C., 1 October 1945, Fulmar was decommissioned 4 January 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 16 September 1946.' Stats line: 'AMC-46: dp. 185; l. 97'1"; b. 22'; dr. 8'6"; s. 10 k.; cpl. 16; a. 2 .50 cal. mg.; cl. Accentor.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1946

   Population

   Greenport Basin construction trades (1940-41); wartime crew (design complement 16)

   Limitations

   Authoritative identity/history record naming this hull. Contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation information - supports no asbestos claim. The live NHHC site publishes no Fulmar I page (only a Fulmar II stub, Wayback-verified); the print-scan transcription is cited instead - same link-rot pattern as batches 01 and 1460. DANFS ends its record at the 16 Sep 1946 MARCOM transfer - it prints nothing on the laid-down date, the 21 Jan 1946 striking, the post-Navy chain, or the 1954 loss (all NavSource-only).

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-01

2. [2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Fulmar (AMc 46), navsource.org/archives/11/03046.htm [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource AMc-46 page - chronology block, specifications block, commanding-officer list

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive entry for Fulmar (AMc 46): corroborates the DANFS chronology (launched 25 February 1941; commissioned 25 June 1941; decommissioned 4 January 1946 at Charleston, S.C.; transferred to the Maritime Commission 16 September 1946) and extends it - laid down 21 December 1940 at Greenport Basin and Construction Co.; struck from the Naval Register 21 January 1946; acquired in 1948 by Frank P. Tower of Morgan City, LA for use as a fishing boat and renamed Grace & George; acquired 1949 by Louisiana Bunkers, Inc. of Patterson, LA; burned 9 July 1954 at the John Santos Carinhas wharf on the Calcasieu River at Cameron, LA. Spec block prints: 185 t., 97'1", 22' beam, 9' draft, 10 kts, complement 17, one .50 cal machine gun; propulsion one 500-shp General Motors 8-268A diesel engine, one shaft; call sign Nan-Item-Love-Zebra. Commanding-officer list (Joe Radigan collection): LTJG Allen Russell USNR (6/1941-4/1942), LT Charles W. Logan USNR (4/1942-9/1943), LT Gustave J. Blasi USNR (9/1943-3/1944), LT Frederick B. Gugle USNR (3/1944-2/1945), LT Jack L. Benson USNR (2/1945-6/1945), LT William G. Crawford USNR (6/1945-1/4/1946).

   Verification

   partial

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1954

   Population

   Wartime crew (1941-1946); fishing-boat crews (1948-1954)

   Limitations

   Volunteer-maintained secondary compilation, not an official record - corroborated against DANFS where they overlap. Sole source for the laid-down date (21 Dec 1940), the strike date (21 Jan 1946), the propulsion detail, the call sign, the six-name CO list, and the entire post-1946 chain (Tower/Grace & George 1948, Louisiana Bunkers 1949, burned 9 Jul 1954 at Cameron LA) - none located in any corroborating source. Conflicts with DANFS on complement (17 vs 16), armament (one vs two .50 cal), and draft (9' vs 8'6") - carried in the correction row. Contains no asbestos or materials information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-02

3. [3]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton) - Greenport Basin & Construction Co. yard table, AMc-46 row; Coastal Minesweepers table program header (70 hulls, 15 boatyards, one 97-ft 10-kt wooden Accentor design) [other_primary]

   Locator

   shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-comm-small/greenport/ - AMc-46 row incl. 'ON 255044'; shipbuildinghistory.njscuba.net/us-navy-small/minesweepers2/ - program header and AMc-46 row

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton compilation), Greenport Basin yard table row: 'AMc-46 | Fulmar | US Navy | minesweeper | 205d | 97 | 25-Jun-41 | sold 1946 as Grace & George (ON 255044)' - corroborates the builder yard, the 97-ft design, the June 1941 completion, and the post-Navy fishing-vessel name Grace & George with U.S. official number ON 255044. The companion Coastal Minesweepers table frames the program: 'During WWII, a total of 70 wooden-hulled coastal minesweepers, even smaller than the YMSs, were built in 15 boatyards. There was only one basic design - the 97-foot, 10-knot Accentor class.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1948

   Population

   Greenport Basin construction workforce (1940-41)

   Limitations

   Compiler's yard table, secondary - corroborates builder, tonnage class (205 t design vs DANFS 185), delivery month, and the single-design 70-hull/15-boatyard wooden-hulled program frame. 'Sold 1946' compresses the documented MARCOM transfer (16 Sep 1946) and the NavSource-documented private resale (1948). ON 255044 not yet verified against a Merchant Vessels of the United States edition (HathiTrust full-view identified but page-level retrieval blocked) - pending. Contains no asbestos or materials information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-03

4. [4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII - USS Fulmar (AMc-46), ship 9361; HyperWar/ibiblio 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' minecraft compilation, Accentor/Acme class block [other_primary]

   Locator

   uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/9361.html data table; ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/ships-dm.html - Accentor/Acme class specifications block and AMc-46 Fulmar row

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   uboat.net Allied Warships entry for USS Fulmar (AMc-46): 'Minesweeper of the Accentor class'; built by Greenport Basin and Construction Co. (Greenport, Long Island, New York); ordered 31 December 1940; laid down 21 December 1940; launched 25 February 1941; commissioned 25 June 1941; end service 4 January 1946 - corroborating the DANFS/NavSource chronology and the Accentor class name. The HyperWar/ibiblio 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' minecraft table gives the Accentor/Acme class block: displacement 185-205 t; length 97'1"-98'5"; beam 21'-23'7"; draft 8'11"-10'8"; speed 10 knots; armament 2 .50 cal machine guns; complement 17; 'Diesel engine, 400 h.p.'; 'Wooden-hulled ships designed for inshore operations' - documenting that this class was wooden-hulled and diesel-driven by design, with no boilers or steam plant.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1946

   Limitations

   Specialist secondary compilations - corroborate dates, builder, and the Accentor class name, and document the class design basis (wooden hull, diesel propulsion, inshore role). uboat's 'ordered 31 December 1940' rests on that source alone and is likely a transposition of the 21 December 1940 laid-down date - secondary-only, not carried into record fields. Class-spec figures are class-level ranges, not hull-specific. Contains no asbestos information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-04

5. [5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); IMO Resolution MEPC.269(68), 2015 Guidelines for the Development of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials - asbestos indicative list (diesel-engine lagging/packing components; shafting packing; clutch and brake linings; gaskets; electric equipment insulation) [other_primary]

   Locator

   AJIM 11(3):359-373 abstract/article; IMO MEPC.269(68) Appendix 5 section 2.2.3.2 asbestos indicative list (imorules.com mirror)

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Era-level inference only: peer-reviewed scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this wooden-hulled coastal minesweeper was built. The IMO Inventory-of-Hazardous-Materials guidelines' indicative list documents asbestos use in marine diesel installations - lagging material for exhaust pipe, fuel pipe, and turbocharger, plus packing with piping flanges - and elsewhere in shafting packing, clutch and brake linings, gaskets, and electrical insulation. Aboard a ~185-ton, 97-ft wooden-hulled diesel minesweeper the plausible applications, if any, would be confined to such machinery fittings; the dominant WWII naval asbestos pathways (boiler and steam-pipe insulation) do not apply because the class carried no steam plant.

   Verification

   inferred

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1946

   Population

   Greenport Basin construction trades (1940-41); wartime crew (design complement 16-17)

   Limitations

   Program/era-level scholarship plus a modern regulatory indicative list - neither source names this vessel or the Accentor class, and neither establishes that asbestos was or is aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. No class- or design-specific material documentation for AMc minesweepers was located; the diesel/wooden-hull profile limits plausible scope relative to steam-driven vessels. The machinery-fitting applications named are general era and industry practice, not documented aboard this class. The hull burned in 1954 - no fabric survives to survey.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-05

6. [6]DANFS 'Fulmar' stats line (dp. 185; dr. 8'6"; cpl. 16; a. 2 .50 cal; cl. Accentor) vs NavSource AMc-46 spec block (185 t; dr. 9'; cpl. 17; 1 .50 cal; GM 8-268A 500 shp) vs Colton Greenport row (97 ft, 205 t, 'sold 1946') vs uboat.net ship/9361 (ordered 31 Dec 1940) vs HyperWar class block (400 h.p. diesel) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   Same citations as ev-01 through ev-04

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Source discrepancies documented, not reconciled: (a) complement - DANFS stats line 16; NavSource spec block and the HyperWar class block 17. (b) armament - DANFS prints two .50 cal machine guns; NavSource prints one. (c) draft - DANFS 8'6"; NavSource 9'. (d) displacement - DANFS and NavSource 185 t; Colton's table prints the 205 t design figure. (e) propulsion - NavSource prints one 500-shp General Motors 8-268A diesel; the HyperWar class block prints 'diesel engine, 400 h.p.' - engine identity and rating per-hull unverified. (f) laid down 21 December 1940 rests on NavSource, uboat.net, and Colton - DANFS prints no laid-down date; uboat.net's 'ordered 31 December 1940' is a probable transposition and rests on that source alone. (g) disposal sequence - DANFS ends at MARCOM transfer for disposal 16 September 1946; Colton prints 'sold 1946'; NavSource prints private acquisition in 1948 - different stages of the same disposal chain, not contradictions.

   Verification

   disputed

   Role

   correction

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1940-1954

   Limitations

   Resolves nothing - documents a genuine multi-source conflict so a future pass does not silently pick one figure. Complement is carried as '16 (DANFS); 17 elsewhere' in the record field. The 400 vs 500 shp engine-rating spread is class-spec vs hull-spec; per-hull installation unverified. No asbestos content in any of these sources.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-06

7. [7]NARA, Special List #44 by ship number (sl-44-ship-number.pdf, 'AMC-46 (Fulmar)' rows); NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page, Fulmar (AMC-46) entry with seven catalog ids [other_primary]

   Locator

   SL-44 ship-number list, AMC block, lines 'AMC-46 (Fulmar) 6/25/1941 12/31/1941' and 'AMC-46 (Fulmar) 9/27/1942 11/30/1943' (verified by direct PDF text extraction); archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online - 'Fulmar (AMC-46)' block, catalog ids 285140861, 285140919, 285140974, 285141039, 285141119, 285141200, 285141281

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   NARA holds digitized deck logs for this hull. Special List #44 (List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947, by ship number) indexes two runs under 'AMC-46 (Fulmar)': 6/25/1941 - 12/31/1941 and 9/27/1942 - 11/30/1943, held in Record Group 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118, at Archives II, College Park. NARA's published 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page lists 'Fulmar (AMC-46)' (Commission June 1941; Decommission January 1946) with digitized runs covering more of the same period: 1941 Jun 25-Sep 30 (catalog id 285140861); Oct-Dec 1941 (285140919); 1942 Jan-Apr (285140974); May 1-Sep 26 (285141039); Sep 27 1942-Feb 25 1943 (285141119); 1943 Feb 26-Jul 23 (285141200); Jul 24-Nov 30 (285141281). Coverage June 1941 - November 1943; nothing indexed or digitized for December 1943 - January 1946 - the Miami motor-torpedo-boat target period and the Charleston inactivation.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   archival_lead

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1941-1946 records

   Limitations

   Verifies that deck logs for this specific hull exist and are digitized in the National Archives Catalog - not their contents, which are unsurveyed (no page-level retrieval performed). The indexed/digitized runs cover June 1941-November 1943 only; nothing is indexed for December 1943-January 1946 - the Miami target-vessel period and the Charleston decommissioning window. Whether logs for those gaps exist but are unindexed is unknown. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-07

8. [8]Batch-1581 search ledger (this record): DANFS print scan/NavSource/uboat/shipbuilding-history/HyperWar; NARA SL-44 + digitized-log catalog; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) opinions + dockets; general web litigation search; NVR; MARAD ShipHistory; master-hull-list.json [other_primary]

   Locator

   search_ledger rows sl-uss-fulmar-amc46-09 through sl-uss-fulmar-amc46-12 (CourtListener + web fallback); sl-18 (post-Navy-name query paced)

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed case naming USS Fulmar or AMc-46/AMC-46 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, fleet-paced helper) was searched by exact name and hull number on 2026-09-23: '"USS Fulmar"' opinions - 0 results; '"Fulmar"' opinions - 17 hits, all name collisions (Fulmar Paraguaya shipping line, a Tennessee mayor, a law firm, persons surnamed Fulmar); '"AMC-46"/"AMc-46"/"AMC 46"' opinions - 1 hit, Walker v. Harris, 335 F.2d 185 (5th Cir. 1964), a limitation-of-liability case on a ~1912-built wooden tug - a token collision, not this hull and not asbestos; '"Fulmar"' dockets - 94 hits, all collisions (Seabulk Fulmar, Inc.; the Exxon Fulmar North Sea field; individuals); '"Fulmar" asbestos' dockets - 17 hits, all collisions (mega-bankruptcy and corporate dockets where the token appears incidentally). A general web litigation search surfaced only ship-history pages and unrelated Navy asbestos cases. The post-Navy name 'Grace & George' was not separately queried - the fleet-paced helper reported the shared quota spent (HTTP 429) before that query ran.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   negative_finding

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   2026-09-23

   Limitations

   Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1941-built vessel is era-consistent with asbestos-containing machinery fittings even accounting for its lighter diesel insulation load. The hull burned in 1954, so no fabric survives to survey and no abatement record would be expected. Name-collision care required in any future search: USS Fulmar (AMS-47, ex-YMS-193) is a distinct hull (also Greenport-built) in service 1947-1968, and 'Fulmar' also collides with the North Sea oil field and commercial names. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-08

9. [9]The Suffolk Times, 'North Fork History Project: Greenport during World War II' (Bob Liepa, 2018 archive piece) - Greenport Basin wartime program, non-magnetic construction, workforce, output [reputable_press]

   Locator

   Suffolk Times archive piece - shipbuilding paragraphs citing Corwin & Horton, 'Greenport'; Oysterponds Historical Society photo credits

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   The Suffolk Times, North Fork History Project (2018), documents the yard that built this hull: Greenport Basin & Construction Company built 'a fleet of small warships - minesweepers, subchasers, landing craft and tugboats' under Navy contract; the minesweepers 'requir[ed] non-magnetic construction so as not to attract mines'; the yard ran two 12-hour shifts with about 3,000 wartime workers; and 'by January 1945, Greenport Basin had built over 453 vessels for the military' (per Corwin and Horton, 'Greenport'). This documents the construction program under which the hull was built - wooden, non-magnetic construction for inshore mine work - at a small wooden-boat yard, not a naval shipyard.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   context_only

   Accessed

   2026-09-23

   Study period

   1941-1945

   Population

   Greenport Basin wartime workforce (~3,000 at peak, per the article)

   Limitations

   Local-history retrospective citing a town history - documents the builder's wartime operations generally; it does not name this hull and contains no asbestos or materials information. It contextualizes why the class was wooden-hulled (non-magnetic requirement for mine work) but establishes nothing about materials aboard AMc-46 itself.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-fulmar-amc46-09