USS Gadsden (AK-182)

Evidence

10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).

1. [1]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency program under which this C1-M-AV1 hull was built (Maritime Commission Design AV; first 100 ships contracted 1943-09-02, MC hulls 2101-2174, 2194-2207, 2239-2250 - MC hull 2113 falls in the first group) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1940s era documented; article 1987

   Population

   WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)

   Limitations

   Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or the C1-M-AV1 type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-01

2. [2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - 'Gadsden' (AK-182) entry (Wayback capture of NHHC page; note the canonical NHHC URL itself misspells the name: .../danfs/g/gadsen.html; canonical live URL returned 404 on 2026-09-21) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   Wayback Machine capture 2024-12-22 of https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/g/gadsen.html - full entry; the correctly-spelled variant (gadsden.html) returned 404 live and has no Wayback capture (standing NHHC link rot, same as batches 01, 833, 856)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS 'Gadsden (AK-182)' entry records: namesake 'A county in Florida' (Gadsden County); stat line (AK-182: dp. 2,382 (lt.); l. 338'6"; b. 50'; dr. 21'; s. 12 k.; cpl. 85; a. 1 3"; cl. Alamosa; T. C1-M-AV1). Launched 8 April 1944 under Maritime Commission contract by Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Inc., Superior, Wis.; sponsored by Mrs. Morgan Murphy of Superior; acquired by the Navy on loan-charter basis 26 December 1944; commissioned at New Orleans, La., 28 February 1945, Lt. W. J. Sattel in command. After Gulf of Mexico shakedown, departed New Orleans 31 March 1945 with frozen meat and ammunition for Ulithi (arrived 11 May); Kossol Roads, Palau 3-day stay under suicide-swimmer alerts; convoyed via Leyte to Morotai, NEI - 3 months as ammunition ship for 7th Fleet units, at times servicing six to eight ships a day, handling much of the ammunition used for the Brunei Bay-Balikpapan invasions of Borneo; Leyte from 31 July 1945 until Japanese capitulation; 21 August shuttle run to Subic Bay and Hollandia, then Manila; departed Manila 26 November 1945, transited Panama Canal 8 January 1946, reached Norfolk 19 January; decommissioned 31 January 1946, redelivered to the Maritime Commission 1 February 1946 for James River fleet lay-up; 'subsequently sold to the Korean Shipping Corp. and renamed Yosu.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1944-1955 (entry text; published 2016-10-30)

   Population

   Navy crew (cpl. 85 per DANFS); ammunition-ship duty issuing to Seventh Fleet units at Morotai and Leyte

   Limitations

   Authoritative for identity, chronology, and operations. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazardous-material statement. 'Commissioned at New Orleans' is imprecise - the ship's own war diary and history narrative place the ceremony at Westwego, LA (across the river); 'departed New Orleans 31 March 1945' elides the ammunition-loading stop at NAD Theodore, AL documented in the diary; 'sold to the Korean Shipping Corp.' glosses the card-documented chain (American Eastern Corp. 1946-1955, MARAD repurchase, Republic of Korea purchase 2 Jun 1955). Entry gives no laid-down or stricken date.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-02

3. [3]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GADSDEN (AK-182), Ship History Detail 1781 (vessel status card custody face c3c35fb9-68a7-44fd-867b-c1998df226c6.png; card reverse b50c05a6-7012-46fe-b0e5-aa53de2a618e.png; reserve-fleet vessel-data card 1781_3293AF.jpg and reverse 1781_3293AB.jpg) [marad_nrc]

   Locator

   ShipHistory Detail 1781 - status-card scans read directly (cards/c3c35fb9-68a7-44fd-867b-c1998df226c6.png custody face; cards/b50c05a6-7012-46fe-b0e5-aa53de2a618e.png reverse; cards/1781_3293AF.jpg and 1781_3293AB.jpg reserve-fleet vessel-data card); milestones table

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   MARAD ShipHistory records for this hull (Detail 1781 'GADSDEN (AK-182)'): Official No. 246434; shipyard 'Walter Butler Shipbuilders'; MARAD type C1-M-AV1; year built 1944; fate 'Sold - Foreign Flag Op.'; milestones - Entry 2/1/1946 James River Reserve Fleet, Withdrawal 8/10/1946 on sale to American Eastern Corp., Acquisition 5/23/1955 (Maritime Administration re-acquired), Sale 6/2/1955 to the Republic of Korea. Vessel status card (custody face) reads: O.N. 246434; 'GADSDEN (AK 182)', Flag American, Type C1-M-AV1; DWT Gross 3884 / Net 2198; 'Hull No. 2113 Built by Walter Butler SB Inc (Superior Wis)' with handwritten annotation '(Reassembled Avondale La.)'; 'Completed 12-26-44'; 'Basis to W.S.A. 12-26-44 3pm CWT @ Avondale, La. from Builders to USMC OWNED'; allocation rows - Navy Dept | LB | Avondale La. | 12-26-44 3pm CWT; Reserve Fleet | Lee Hall Va | 2-1-46 3:50pm EST; American Eastern Corp (Cont. MCc41596) | Int. Agreem. | Lee Hall Va | 8-10-46 3pm EDT, with note 'Between the American Eastern Corp. and the USMC to move vessel from Reserve Fleet to Bethlehem Shipbldg. Corp. @ Baltimore. Amer. Eastern Corp. was required to make a deposit of $8,000'; American Eastern Corp. | PURCH. | Lee Hall Va | 8-16-46 1:55pm EDT '(Title passed @ Jersey City, N.J. same date and hour)'; 'PURCHASE PRICE: $693,862.00'. Card reverse: Maritime Administration | Purch. | Seattle | 5-23-55 4:00pm PST; Pacific Far East Line, Inc. | GAA | Seattle | 5-23-55 4:00pm PST; Republic of Korea | Purch. | Seattle | 6-2-55 7:40am PST. Reserve-fleet vessel-data card: DWT 5010, Ownership WSA, built Walter Butler Superior 1944, entered fleet 2-1-46, hull no. 2113, termination port last voyage 'HAMPTON ROADS', length/breadth/depth 323.9 x 50.1 x 26.5, ships papers removed 8-15-46 custodian American East. Corp., withdrawn 8-10-46 'DELIVERED TO AMER. EASTERN CORP'; reverse notes tonnage 3805 gr / 2123 net, draft 21 5/8, BHP 1700, and typed 'ALONGSIDE POINSETT' (reserve-fleet berthing note).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1944-1955

   Population

   Merchant crews (American Eastern Corp., 1946-1955); Korean crews (Yosu, 1955-1979)

   Limitations

   Authoritative government custody record for this hull; card faces read directly from scans. The web detail page 'Ship Length 388.75 feet' conflicts with every other source (DANFS 338'6", ship's history 339 ft, reserve card 323.9 ft registered length) - flagged as a data-field error in the correction row. 'Draft, Summer 21.00 tons' mislabels a draft field with a tonnage unit. Tonnage varies between card faces (Gross 3884/Net 2198 on the custody card vs 3805 gr/2123 net on the reserve card) - disclosed. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or machinery-manufacturer detail - supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-03

4. [4]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Gadsden (AK-182) page (compiled reference incl. DANFS transcription, awards, CO list, specifications, photo caption) [other_primary]

   Locator

   navsource.net/archives/09/13/130182.htm - full page incl. specifications block, commanding-officer entry, awards, photo caption (Malacca Strait image credit Airfoto Malacca via Gerhard Mueller-Debus); page also links the scanned war diary PDF (130182a.pdf)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource Online (Service Ship Photo Archive, AK-182 page) records: laid down 1943-44 as MC type C1-M-AV1 (MC hull 2113) at Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Inc., Superior, WI; launched 8 April 1944; acquired by the Navy 26 December 1944; commissioned USS Gadsden (AK-182) 28 February 1945 at New Orleans, LT Walter J. Sattel USNR in command; assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater WWII; decommissioned 31 January 1946 at Norfolk, VA; returned to the Maritime Commission 1 February 1946 for lay-up NDRF James River, Fort Eustis, VA; struck 25 February 1946; sold by the Maritime Commission 16 August 1946 to American Eastern Corp., New York, for $693,862.00, U.S.-flagged, name retained; re-purchased by the Maritime Administration 23 May 1955 at Seattle; sold 2 June 1955 to the Republic of Korea, reflagged South Korean, renamed MS Yosu; final disposition 'fate unknown.' Call sign NELE. Ribbons: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal, Philippines Liberation Medal (no battle stars). Specs: 2,382 t (lt) / 7,450 t (fl); 338'6" x 50' x 21'1"; 11.5 kts; complement 15 officers + 70 enlisted; largest boom 30 t; cargo 3,945 DWT incl. 9,830 cu ft refrigerated / 227,730 cu ft non-refrigerated; armament 1x3"/50 DP + 6x20mm AA; fuel 6,300 bbls diesel; propulsion one Nordberg Diesel TSM 6, two 250 kW 120/240 V DC diesel-drive generators, single propeller, 1,700 shp. Photo: ex-Gadsden underway as Korean-flagged MS Yosu in the Malacca Strait, circa 1970s. CO table: LT Walter J. Sattel, USNR, 28 Feb 1945 - 31 Jan 1946 (single command).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1979

   Limitations

   NavSource is a privately compiled standard reference, not a government publication; its spec block presumably derives from standard compilations - not independently corroborated. Its 'laid down 1943-44' is vaguer than shipscribe's precise keel date 1943-11-03 (adopted; variance disclosed in correction row). No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-04

5. [5]shipscribe.com, USS Alamosa (AK-156) Class page - construction/disposition tables, class notes, and ship note for AK-182 [other_primary]

   Locator

   shipscribe.com/usnaux/AK/AK156.html - Class Notes paragraphs (Design AV origin; Great Lakes transit procedure; 1 Jul 44 CNO directive; Jun 44 hull substitutions); Construction table row AK-182; Disposition table row 182; Ship Notes row '182 | GAD | SDE | N | 2113'

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   shipscribe.com Alamosa (AK-156) class page: construction table carries AK-182 GADSDEN - acquired/commissioned 26 Dec 44, builder Walter Butler SB Superior, keel 3 Nov 43, launched 8 Apr 44, commissioned 28 Feb 45; disposition table carries decommissioned 31 Jan 46, struck 25 Feb 46, to MC 1 Feb 46, MC sale 16 Aug 46. Ship note for AK-182 (MC hull 2113) reads: 'Delivered to MC in Great Lakes 8 Sep 44 and arrived at New Orleans 28 Oct 44. Reassembled by Avondale Marine Ways, Avondale, La., and delivered to MC and Navy 26 Dec 44. Merc. GADSDEN (US) 1946, YOSU (Korean) 1955, scrapped 1979.' Class notes document: the C1-M-AV1 'Design AV' origin (1943 JCS/JMTC requirement; diesel substituted for requested reciprocating steam; first-100 MC contracts approved 1943-09-02 covering MC hulls 2101-2174, 2194-2207, 2239-2250 - MC 2113 is a first-group hull; second group of 100 ordered February 1944); the Great Lakes transit procedure (Lakes-built hulls dismantled - bridge deck, superstructure deck, masts, stack removed - to clear Chicago-area bridges, towed via the Illinois waterway and Mississippi to New Orleans for reassembly and Navy conversion, remaining in MC custody for the trip); the 1944-07-01 CNO-to-BuShips ammunition-tender conversion directive naming AK-156/158/160 ONLY (this hull not included); and the June 1944 MC-hull substitutions (2374-5 and 2377 replacing 2140-1 and 2207 as AK-178/179/181 - AK-182/MC 2113 not a substitution).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1979

   Limitations

   Ship-specific documentation of the Great Lakes delivery (8 Sep 44), Avondale reassembly, and 'scrapped 1979' fate. shipscribe is a compiled reference (Tim Colton, coltoncompany lineage), not a primary document; the underlying Navy/MC records are paraphrased, not quoted verbatim. The ship note records a reassembly event but gives no materials scope - NOT an insulation or asbestos record. No asbestos content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-05

6. [6]USS Gadsden (AK-182) War Diary, February-October 1945, with Ship's History enclosure (AlPac 202, dated 17 Oct 1945) - scanned Navy submission series AK-182/A12-1 (serials 010-45 through 026-45), contributed to NavSource by Frank Gerhardt [other_primary]

   Locator

   navsource.net/archives/09/13/pdf/130182a.pdf - 37 pages: monthly cover letters + war-diary narrative pages Feb-Oct 1945 + NAVPERS-353 officer rosters + Ship's History; OCR-read at 200 dpi

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Digitized WWII war diary and ship's history for this hull (37-page scan hosted on NavSource): (a) Commissioning - placed in commission 28 Feb 1945 by Lt. Cdr. J. B. Ogle, USNR, for the Commandant, Eighth Naval District, 'while moored at Westwego, Louisiana'; Lt. W. J. Sattel (DM) USNR assumed command per BuPers restricted dispatch. (b) Post-shakedown work event - 18-20 Mar 1945 at South Side Pier 38, Galveston, the ship shifted berth 'to sheath #1, #2 and #3 cargo holds. The work was carried on by private contractor on a 24-hour per day basis' - a documented shipyard work event; materials not stated. (c) Ammunition loading - 25-31 Mar 1945 at U.S. Naval Ammunition Depot, Theodore, AL, Ryan Stevedoring Co. loading holds 1-3. (d) Pacific transit - Cristobal/Gatun-Pedro Miguel-Miraflores locks 7 Apr; Ulithi arrival 11 May; forced ventilation of the three forward cargo holds during daylight hours on passage (11 Apr entry). (e) Morotai ammunition-ship service - arrived 26 May; alongside SS David Brewer 27 May to receive ammunition; 28 May-25 Jul issuing ammunition and frozen meat to Allied fleet units under CTG 72.2, up to six-eight ships per day (berths D-5/DOG 4-5, SW Morotai). (f) Leyte - berth 223 San Pedro Bay from 30 Jul; alongside USS Poinsett (AK-205) 6 Aug receiving 37.5 long tons; LST-473 discharged 141.6 long tons aboard 15-17 Aug; 209 long tons smoke pots/floats to LCT-940/952 16-20 Aug; administrative command to Service Squadron Eight 15 Aug. (g) Subic Bay - 1-7 Sep, discharged 909 long tons to Floating Ammunition Unit lighters under ComSerDiv 71; 108.7 long tons alongside SS Juan Seguin completing discharge 8 Sep; administrative command to ComServPac 1 Sep. (h) Manus - Seeadler Harbor, Murzim Dock 17-22 Sep; 617 long tons (346 field clothing + 271 clothing/small stores) loaded by 20th Special Construction Battalion. (i) Hollandia - Navy Pier No. 2, 25-30 Sep, 1,174 long tons beer/empty gas bottles/calcium carbide by local Construction Battalion; departed 30 Sep for Guiuan, Samar; anchored Guiuan Roadstead 6 Oct 1945 (diary coverage ends). (j) Ship's History narrative (AlPac 202 submission, 17 Oct 1945) - 'a cargo vessel with a full-load displacement of 7440 tons... 339 feet in length... built by the Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Incorporated at Superior, Wisconsin. The GADSDEN, as were four other ships of her class, was named after a county in Florida'; confirms Morotai issues supplied 'the majority of the ammunition that was used for the Brunei Bay and Balikpapan Invasions of Borneo.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1945-02-28 to 1945-10-06 (diary); history narrative to 17 Oct 1945

   Population

   Ship's company (cpl. ~85) during commissioned period; Ryan Stevedoring Co. ammunition loaders (Theodore AL, Mar 1945); private-contractor hold-sheathing crew (Galveston, Mar 1945); 20th Special Construction Battalion loaders (Manus, Sep 1945); Construction Battalion loaders (Hollandia, Sep 1945)

   Limitations

   Primary record - the ship's own monthly war diaries submitted to Cominch/CNO under FF1/A12-1/A16-3 serial 7152 (29 Oct 1943 instruction), scanned and hosted on a private archive site; document images were OCR'd, minor OCR noise possible but all cited events were read in context. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazardous-material statement - the hold-sheathing event documents WHERE and WHEN work was done, not WHAT materials were used. Supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-06

7. [7]shipbuildinghistory.com - Walter Butler, Superior yard page (compiled yard table and history); C1 cargo ships table row for MC 2113 [other_primary]

   Locator

   Walter Butler Superior page - yard history paragraph and row for hull 31 / MC 2113; shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2c1cargoships.htm row '2113 | Butler SB | Superior WI | 31 | Gadsden | C1-M-AV1 | 5,032 | Sep-44'

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Builder-yard context: Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Inc. took over the Lake Superior Shipbuilding yard at North 1st and Hammond Avenue, Superior, WI, at the outset of the war; the yard table carries this hull as yard no. 31, name Gadsden, owner WSA, type C1-M-AV1, MC no. 2113, 3,805 LDT, delivered Sep-44, disposition 'Sold 1947' (year off by one from the card-documented Aug-1946 purchase - disclosed in correction row). The C1 cargo table carries the same hull: '2113 | Butler SB | Superior WI | 31 | Gadsden | C1-M-AV1 | 5,032 | Sep-44 | To USN as AK 182, sold private 1947.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   context_only

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1944

   Population

   Walter Butler Shipbuilders Superior construction workforce (1943-44)

   Limitations

   Yard-level context for the builder of this hull; documents the facility and the hull's yard number, but contains no asbestos or materials information and establishes nothing about materials aboard this hull. Walter Butler Shipbuilders (Superior) is not an Atlas shipyards.json entry - no slug exists for the construction yard (gap).

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-07

8. [8]Batch-858 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; MARAD ShipHistory 1781 + four status-card faces; NavSource; shipscribe; shipbuildinghistory (Walter Butler Superior, C1 cargo table); NavSource-hosted war-diary scan (37 pp); NVR hull check; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated); web-wide litigation search; NARA catalog; NavalCoverMuseum; Wikipedia/mirror fate check [other_primary]

   Locator

   search_ledger rows sl-uss-gadsden-ak182-01 through sl-uss-gadsden-ak182-13

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Gadsden / AK-182 / MC hull 2113 / MS Yosu was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was sold foreign in June 1955 - before the Navy's late-1970s asbestos-control programs and NESHAP demolition rules - and her documented 1979 scrapping occurred under Korean flag, so no U.S.-regulated abatement record was ever expected to exist for this hull. The ship appears on bulk law-firm marketing lists of Navy hulls that enumerate every Navy ship and carry no ship-specific evidence - classified non-qualifying and not cited.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   negative_finding

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   2026-09-21

   Limitations

   Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 C1-M-AV1 hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. Unlike the class lead ship, this hull lacks a documented insulation-scope conversion (the 1944 ammunition-tender directive covered only AK-156/158/160); the documented hold-sheathing event (Mar 1945) states no materials. CourtListener sweep coverage and result are recorded in sl-08 of the ledger; dockets not yet digitized and non-CourtListener jurisdictions are outside coverage. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-08

9. [9]Cross-source reconciliation: DANFS (Wayback mirror); NavSource AK-182 page; MARAD Detail 1781 status cards and milestones; shipscribe AK-156 class page; war-diary scan 130182a.pdf; shipbuildinghistory Walter Butler and C1 cargo tables; Wikipedia USS Gadsden (AK-182) (lead index only) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Per-item: shipscribe construction/disposition/ship-note rows vs NavSource chronology vs MARAD card faces (c3c35fb9 custody; b50c05a6 reverse; 1781_3293AF/AB reserve card) and milestones; DANFS entry; war-diary pp. 2, 4-5, 24, 29-30, 35-37; shipbuildinghistory hull-31 row; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Gadsden_(AK-182) infobox and uncited fate line

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   Source discrepancies logged, not merged: (a) Commissioning location - DANFS and NavSource carry 'New Orleans'; the war diary and the ship's own history narrative place the ceremony 'moored at Westwego, Louisiana' - the primary document adopted (Westwego sits across the Mississippi from New Orleans, adjacent to the Avondale reassembly yard), variant disclosed. (b) DANFS 'departed New Orleans 31 March 1945' elides the documented ammunition-loading at NAD Theodore, AL (25-31 Mar); the diary sequence (New Orleans refrigerated cargo 24 Mar; Theodore ammo loading 25-31 Mar; underway for Panama 31 Mar) is adopted. (c) Length - MARAD detail page '388.75 feet' and Wikipedia '388 ft 8 in' conflict with DANFS 338'6", NavSource 338'6", the ship's own history '339 feet,' and the reserve card's 323.9 ft registered length - the 338'6"/339' figures adopted; the 388.x figures flagged as errors (same defect seen on sibling AK-180's record). (d) Sale year - shipbuildinghistory yard table and NavalCoverMuseum both carry 'Sold 1947' vs card-documented title passing 16 Aug 1946 - MARAD card adopted. (e) Complement - DANFS cpl. 85 and NavSource 15 officers + 70 enlisted (85) agree; shipscribe class table carries 69 (1944) and the MC Design AV intent was 8 officers + 67 men (75) - DANFS adopted. (f) Leyte arrival - war diary anchors berth 223 San Pedro Bay 30 Jul 1409; DANFS 'arrived at Leyte 31 July 1945' - diary adopted (departed Morotai 27 Jul, anchored 30 Jul; DANFS off by one). (g) Korean buyer - DANFS 'sold to the Korean Shipping Corp.' vs MARAD card 'Republic of Korea | Purch.' with Pacific Far East Line as general agent at the turnover - card adopted; Korean Shipping Corp. was plausibly the operating company under the Korean flag. (h) Tonnage - custody card Gross 3884/Net 2198 vs reserve card 3805 gr/2123 net vs NavSource 5,032/5,010 DWT figures - disclosed unresolved. (i) Scrapped-1979 precision - shipscribe 'scrapped 1979' adopted; Wikipedia 'BU Inchon 7 September 1979' uncited, carried as unverified. (j) Laid-down date - shipscribe 1943-11-03 adopted vs 'laid down 1943-44' (NavSource/Wikipedia) - variant disclosed.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   correction

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1979 (dates reconciled 2026-09-21)

   Limitations

   Resolves nothing by fiat - records which source says what so downstream consumers inherit the conflicts honestly. Where a primary record and a compiled reference disagree, the primary record (MARAD card, war diary, DANFS) is adopted and the variant disclosed. No asbestos content in any reconciled source.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-09

10. [10]NARA record-group guidance: RG 24 deck logs (post-1941 at Archives II, College Park); RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) Construction Division records; merchant-vessel logbook guidance (RG 26); Korean maritime registry [other_primary]

    Locator

    archives.gov/research/military/logbooks (post-1941 Navy deck logs at College Park); archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/178.html; catalog.archives.gov returned only its JS application shell to automated query on 2026-09-21 - no digitized AK-182 log confirmed

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction orders; no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 WWII deck logs for AK-182 (Feb 1945-Jan 1946) at Archives II, College Park - the war diary covers Feb-Oct 1945 at narrative level; deck logs would add day-level entries for the Nov 1945-Jan 1946 return voyage and inactivation; (b) NARA RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) Construction Division records may hold the MC hull 2113 contract and C1-M-AV1 outfitting specifications for Walter Butler hull 31 - the likeliest surviving source for the Avondale reassembly/conversion scope and any material specifications; (c) the March 1945 Galveston hold-sheathing work was done 'by private contractor' at the Todd-Galveston Dry Docks berth - Todd-Galveston job records (if surviving) would carry the materials scope; (d) American Eastern Corp. operating records 1946-1955 - merchant crew composition, voyage record, and any repair/alteration files; (e) Republic of Korea registry and disposal records for MS Yosu (IMO 5396399) - the likeliest source for the 1979 scrapping event.

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-21

    Study period

    1943-1979 records

    Limitations

    Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-gadsden-ak182-10