Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet 1009-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-gemini-phm6-pkt-1009-packet-md
-
[2]Naval Vessel Register, GEMINI (PHM 6) ship detail page (archived 2024-08-09 capture; live URL serves a JS-rendered shell only, confirmed this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR SHIPSDETAIL_PHM_6 - vessel status, milestone dates, physical characteristics, program characteristics blocks
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Registry record for this hull (UIC 20932, class PHM 1): status 'Disposed of, by Navy Sale', date status changed 08/19/1996; builder 'Boeing Co/Seattle'; award 10/20/1977; keel 05/13/1980; launch 02/17/1982; delivery 07/29/1982; commission 11/13/1982; decommission 07/30/1993; stricken 07/30/1993; age at disposal 14.5 years; years commission to decommission 11.0. Physical: overall length 133 ft, waterline 118 ft; light displacement 177 tons, full 248 tons, deadweight 71; hull material 'All aluminum hull'; accommodations 5 officers + 19 enlisted. Custodian: schools, organizations and private enterprises. Page last updated 03/15/1999.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1977-1999 (record window)
- Population
- Boeing Marine Systems construction trades (1980-82); crew (1982-93)
- Limitations
- Official registry milestones and characteristics only; no asbestos or material content. Delivered via Wayback capture - the live URL returned the site navigation shell without detail content on 2026-10-04. NVR delivery date 07/29/1982 conflicts with NavSource's 'Delivered 13 March 1983' delivery-day caption at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Bremerton (see gaps). NVR 'by Navy Sale' disposal does not date the actual scrapping (which occurred 2014 - see ev-04/ev-13).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Patrol Combatant-Missile (Hydrofoil) Photo Archive, Gemini (PHM 6) - timeline, specifications, commanding-officer succession, official photo captions (verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/1606.htm header block, specifications block, photo captions, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Timeline for this hull: laid down 13 May 1980 by Boeing Marine Systems, Seattle, Washington; launched 17 February 1982; delivered 13 March 1983 (delivery-day photo caption, Naval Shipyard Bremerton, WA); commissioned 13 November 1982; decommissioned 30 July 1993; struck from the Naval Register 30 July 1993; 'sold for scrap 19 August 1996 by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service.' Specs: 178 t.(lt)/248 t.(fl), 133 ft x 29 ft, 51 kts, complement 24; one 76mm gun mount and eight AGM-84 Harpoon missiles; two 1,600 bhp Mercedes-Benz marine diesels (hullborne) and one 18,000 shp General Electric LM2500 gas turbine (foilborne), two water jets. Seven commanding officers listed (LCDR David R. Carlson commissioning CO through LCDR John K. Jones, 2-30 July 1993). Photo captions document: delivery day at Bremerton 13 March 1983; Acapulco, Mexico and Key West, FL with Racine (LST-1191) and Hercules (PHM-2), October 1983 (All Hands); Washington Navy Yard port visit 15 May 1984 (DN-ST-85-11654); underway during UNITAS 85, 1 August 1985 (DN-ST-85-11076); Key West 1987 and 1989; six-ship formation en route to Little Creek for decommissioning 13 June 1993 (DN-ST-93-05725). Explicitly notes: 'There is no DANFS history available for Gemini (PHM-6).'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1980-1996
- Population
- Boeing construction trades (1980-82); crew (1982-93)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - milestones generally track NVR/DANFS but the delivery date conflicts with the registry (13 March 1983 vs NVR 29 July 1982; see gaps), and 'sold for scrap' overstates the 1996 event (the hull was sold, not scrapped - actual scrapping 2014; see ev-04/ev-10). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-02
-
[4]George Jenkins, 'Patrol Combatant Missile (Hydrofoil): PHM History 1973-1993,' International Hydrofoil Society (presented 14 June 1995; epilogue 1 Nov 2000) - insider program history by the former OPNAV PHM program coordinator (verified live PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- phmhist-2.pdf, pp. 7-8 (PHM-6 weapons deletion, contract award, delivery sequence); pp. 14-16 (decommissioning decision chain, Little Creek ceremony, Charleston hull sale)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- PHM-6 named directly: after a $13.2M cost growth on the follow-ship contract, 'the decision was made on 4 August [1977] to build GEMINI (PHM 6) with foundations and cabling for the Harpoon missile system, the deck gun, and the fire control system, but not with the weapons themselves.' OPNAV budgeted the gun, Harpoon system, and fire-control system for purchase in 1981 and installation in 1983 via the Fleet Modernization Program (OPN funding). The contract to complete PHM-2 and build PHMs 3-6 was awarded to Boeing 20 October 1977; planned delivery sequence was PHM 3, 4, 5, 6, and 2 (explaining why the last-numbered hull commissioned before PHM-2). In the 1993 drawdown, 'the crews of the ARIES and GEMINI would provide the requisite training' for planned foreign-military-sale hot-ship transfers before the FMS option was abandoned; all six ships instead transited to Little Creek, VA in June 1993 and decommissioned in a joint ceremony 30 July 1993 before ~400 guests (keynote: ADM H.H. Mauz, CINCLANTFLT). Epilogue: the PHMs, 'stripped of all salvageable systems including electronics, turbines, diesel engines and the like, were sold as scrap to a commercial enterprise in Charleston, SC'; one hull (Aries) went to Missouri for restoration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1977-1993 (paper); epilogue to 2000
- Population
- PHMRON TWO crews incl. Gemini's (1983-93)
- Limitations
- Participant history, not an official record: Jenkins was OPNAV PHM coordinator (1976-79) and declares 'partisanship as an advocate' in the prologue - program-management detail is insider-grade but framed by an advocate. The decommissioning narrative predates the 1996 sale and 2014 scrapping. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-03
-
[5]Wilmington StarNews (Ken Little), 'USS Gemini, yacht on Cape Fear, sold for scrap metal,' 22 Oct 2014 (archived capture; live page paywalled, HTTP 402 to automated fetch) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- StarNews 22 Oct 2014 MyReporter Q&A, article body
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Post-Navy disposition of this hull, documented on the ground at Wilmington, NC: ex-Gemini acquired by a Chicago owner and converted to a yacht on property owner David Roderick's Cape Fear riverfront site - topside remodeled, diesel engines installed, work completed about 2006; the yacht 'Gemini' sailed for Florida and the Bahamas; resold to Florida owners and returned to the Cape Fear site about 2009; hauled out ashore, engines removed, further hull/topside work begun, then work suspended and the owners left (~2011); the derelict hull remained until 'early this summer' [2014], when Roderick 'sold it to a scrap dealer and they cut it up.' The article confirms the Navy's 1993 class-wide decommissioning and notes sister Aries survives as the USS Aries Hydrofoil Memorial on the Grand River, Brunswick, MO.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2006-2014
- Population
- Private conversion yard workers (c. 2006, 2009-11); 2014 scrapping crew
- Limitations
- Local press account of private-party events; establishes sequence and final scrapping (2014), not the 1996 DRMS sale buyer or chain of title. Contains a minor technical slip ('75 mm' gun - the mount was 76 mm Mk 75). No asbestos/hazmat content - no ACM-handling record for the conversion or scrapping appears.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-04
-
[6]Popular Mechanics (Kyle Mizokami), 'The Strange, Sad Odyssey of the USS Gemini,' 25 Jul 2016 (verified live) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Article body (Jul 25, 2016 publication)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates the post-Navy chain: bought by a private party and 'in 2006 turned into a luxury yacht' - topside rebuilt with two observation decks; original Mercedes-Benz diesels and the GE gas turbine replaced by three 1,200-hp Detroit Diesels; added jacuzzi and jetski docking bays; trips to Florida and the Bahamas; resold, returned to the Cape Fear River, engines pulled in 2011 for a planned diesel-electric retrofit, then abandoned; 'in 2014, the Gemini was sold for scrap. The ship's hull and superstructure were made of valuable aluminum and the former missile boat was cut into pieces and hauled away.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1996-2014
- Population
- Private conversion yard workers (2006, 2009-11); 2014 scrapping crew
- Limitations
- Corroborating press account consistent with StarNews; secondary reporting, no primary documentation of the 1996 sale chain. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-05
-
[7]NARA photographs of this hull - NAID 6451967 (NHHC photo DN-SC-90-09333, 1 Nov 1989, Key West: Aquila (PHM-4), Gemini, and a third PHM with USCGC Shearwater (WSES-3)); plus DN-ST-85-11654 (Washington Navy Yard, 15 May 1984), DN-ST-85-11076 (UNITAS 85, 1 Aug 1985), DN-SC-93-03749 (with Aquila, foils deployed), DN-ST-93-05725 (six-ship formation to Little Creek decommissioning, 13 Jun 1993) - identifiers via NavSource-transcribed official captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA NAID 6451967; NavSource 12/1606.htm caption credits (DN-ST-85-11654, DN-ST-85-11076, DN-SC-93-03749, DN-ST-93-05725); getarchive.net NARA mirror entry (6 Jan 1984 Key West)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official photographic record (NARA RG 330 / DVIDS stills) documents this hull's operating bases and milestones: Washington Navy Yard port visit May 1984; UNITAS 85 underway August 1985; Key West pier operations 1984-1993 alongside Aquila, Taurus, and Hercules; the June 13, 1993 six-ship formation en route to Little Creek for the joint decommissioning. A NARA finding aid (via getarchive.net mirror) places Gemini with Aquila at their Key West pier 6 January 1984 (operator JOCS Kirby Harrison). Archival leads for service-history and any future condition imagery - presence documentation, not work records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1983-1993
- Population
- Crew and pier/base personnel at documented events (1983-93)
- Limitations
- catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered and could not be fetched this session; the getarchive.net mirror returned HTTP 403. NAIDs and captions are transcribed via NavSource photo credits - direct verification open. Photographs establish presence, not maintenance or material conditions. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (published 18 Oct 1979; full text via Wayback PDF - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-04) [gao]
- Locator
- HRD-80-2 full text: letter report body ('Navy's Policy on Use of Asbestos'), enclosure on shipboard asbestos applications and Attachment #1 insulation-status framing
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The era-defining document for asbestos aboard a 1980-built hull, quoting the Navy directly: the October 1975 policy eliminated 'the use of asbestos and materials containing asbestos, where suitable alternate materials have been designated,' after thermal-insulation specifications 'had been changed in 1973 to specify the use of asbestos-free materials' (some ships still delivered with asbestos insulation 'as late as May 1978' from pre-purchased stock). 'Although all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables, most ships delivered in the last several years or now under construction have little or no asbestos as thermal insulation, which was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships.' On residual applications: asbestos in electrical resistors, deck floor tile, electric cabling, galley ranges, piping-system gaskets and packing, and equipment brakes and clutches - 'there are so many common uses of asbestos that it is nearly impossible to build a Navy ship free of the mineral.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1979 (report); policy window 1973-1979 covering this build
- Population
- Navy shipboard workers (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation predating this hull's keel (May 1980) by months; names no hull. It both supports residual-application inference (gaskets, packing, deck tile, electrical, brakes) and undercuts thermal-insulation inference for a post-1973-spec ship - the two directions are carried together, not selectively. Fieldwork was Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, unrelated to Boeing or this hull. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, quantity, or present-day presence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-elimination policy and enumerated residual applications - see ev-07); NVR 'All aluminum hull' field and diesel/LM2500 plant (no steam system); NavSource/IHS propulsion specifications [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 enclosure on shipboard asbestos applications; NVR hull-material field; NavSource/IHS propulsion specs
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era-standard residual asbestos applications aboard a 1980-82 U.S. Navy combatant of this type were small-component items: piping-system gaskets and packing, brake and clutch facings, electrical resistors and cable insulation, deck tile, and galley-range insulation - the applications GAO enumerated fleet-wide for which asbestos-free substitutes had then not been identified or eliminated. The dominant mid-century exposure pathway - boiler and steam-system thermal lagging - does not exist aboard a diesel/gas-turbine hydrofoil, and GAO documents that thermal insulation aboard ships of her construction window had 'little or no asbestos.'
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1980-2014
- Population
- Boeing construction trades (1980-82); crew (1982-93); private conversion/scrapping workers (2006-14)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - and deliberately weaker than for mid-century hulls: this keel (May 1980) postdates the Navy's 1973 asbestos-free insulation specification and October 1975 elimination policy. No hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located; names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-08
-
[10]GAO, Opportunity To Reduce Cost of the Navy's Contract for Patrol Hydrofoil Missile Ships, PSAD-80-3 (published 18 Oct 1979; product page via Wayback - gao.gov 403 to automated fetch) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page PSAD-80-3: highlights and recommendations
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's fixed-price contract for the patrol hydrofoil missile ships - the 20 October 1977 Boeing award that produced PHMs 2-6 including this hull - and found a contract price overstatement (ceiling price used for a subcontract rather than target price) attributable to 'Boeing's failure to obtain and furnish to the Government accurate, current, and complete cost or pricing data,' recommending contract-target adjustments. Documents the procurement vehicle, its troubled cost history, and the builder of record for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1977-1979
- Population
- Boeing/Navy contract workforce (1977-82)
- Limitations
- Contract-pricing audit; no technical, material, or hazmat content. Program-level (covers all five follow ships, not this hull individually). Product-page summary via Wayback; full report not extracted this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-09
-
[11]U.S. Naval Institute, Proceedings Vol. 112/9/1,003 (Sep 1986), Ensign Stephen R. Chapin USN, 'History of the PHM' (archived capture; live page HTTP 403) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Proceedings Sep 1986 article body (program origins, design borrowing, crew and MLSG framing)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporaneous program history: initiated 1969 as a joint NATO effort to build 30 hydrofoils after the 1967 Eilat sinking; NATO Naval Armaments Group exploratory study; by 1972 only the US, Italy, and West Germany remained, signing a design/development MOU (US lead; NATO project office in the US); Boeing received the development contract November 1971; 'eventually produced six U.S. PHMs with the last one commissioned in 1983.' Design borrowing: Harpoon system adapted from the P-3 program, Mk 92 fire control from USS Talbot (DEG-4), Mk 75 76-mm gun from the Italian Swordfish class; LM2500 foilborne turbine identical to FFG-7 and DD-963 classes; crew 'four officers and 17 enlisted men'; ships depend on the shore-based Mobile Logistic Support Group for all but routine maintenance.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1969-1986
- Population
- PHMRON TWO crew and Mobile Logistic Support Group personnel (class context)
- Limitations
- USNI HTML is uncorrected OCR (artifacts noted on-page); program-level class history - no hull-specific detail beyond the class roster; no asbestos content. Complement figure (21) conflicts with NVR/NavSource (24) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-10
-
[12]Mark R. Bebar (VP, International Hydrofoil Society), 'U.S. Navy Patrol Hydrofoil - Missile (PHM) Program,' IHS presentation 9-11 Sep 2019 (verified live PDF) [other_primary]
- Locator
- IHS PHM program deck, slides on program beginnings, follow-ship construction, squadron operations, decommissioning, Aries memorial
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class-level technical and program frame: NATO-agreed characteristics (250 metric tons; LM2500 foilborne + 2 MTU diesels hullborne; 4 officers/19 enlisted; draft 7.5 ft foils raised / 23 ft lowered); buy reduced 30 -> 25 (1974) -> 6 (1975); PHM-1 Pegasus TECHEVAL/OPEVAL 1974-76 (over 25,000 miles); OPEVAL-driven design modifications on the 'PHM-3 Series follow ships' (built to a detailed specification; ~6 metric tons added; uprated LM2500, foilborne waterjet pump, gearbox, foil structure); production ships and the transportable Mobile Logistic Support Group delivered to Key West, with PHMRON TWO fully constituted Spring 1983; June 1993 Navy decision to decommission citing operating expense; sole survivor USS Aries (PHM-5) preserved at the USS Aries Hydrofoil Memorial, Gasconade, Missouri.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1972-1993
- Population
- PHMRON TWO and MLSG personnel (class context)
- Limitations
- Society-history presentation; contains a PHM-6 commissioning-month error ('June 1982' - NVR registry date 13 November 1982 controls; see gaps). Program-level, not a hull record; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-11
-
[13]Batch-8650 search ledger (this record): NVR detail (archived); NavSource 12/1606 (live); NHHC DANFS (none exists); NARA NAID lead; GAO HRD-80-2 full text + PSAD-80-3; USNI Proceedings; IHS Jenkins + Bebar papers; StarNews/Popular Mechanics; Boeing Marine Systems asbestos sweep; CourtListener (paced - see sl-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-gemini-phm6-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum/worker record, or litigation naming USS Gemini (PHM-6) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS entry exists for this hull. No NIOSH/OSHA or yard-level asbestos record located for builder Boeing Marine Systems - an aerospace-style aluminum hydrofoil plant, not a traditional shipyard. No hazmat or ACM-handling disclosure surfaced for the 2006-2011 yacht conversion or the 2014 scrapping. Law-firm/marketing sources do cover the class (navyshipexposure.com Pegasus/Hercules pages, lanierlawfirm.com 'Marinite bulkheads' claim, mesotheliomaveterans.org/mesotheliomahope.com patrol-boat listicles) - all assert asbestos with no primary sourcing and are excluded by source policy. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - fleet-wide request budget spent at every attempt (see sl-10); logged as blocked, not a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2026-10-04
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - residual-era components (gaskets, packing, deck tile, electrical, brakes) were still asbestos-bearing across the 1980s fleet per GAO. The litigation-repository search is a genuine open gap (paced, not run). Deck logs, Boeing/NAVSEA work packages, and DRMS sale records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-12
-
[14]Disposition-timeline reconciliation: NVR 'Disposed of, by Navy Sale' 08/19/1996 + NavSource 'sold for scrap 19 August 1996 by DRMS' vs. documented post-sale chain (Jenkins epilogue - stripped hulls at Charleston, SC; StarNews 2014 - Wilmington yacht conversion and 2014 scrapping; Popular Mechanics 2016 - aluminum hull cut up 2014) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR status line; NavSource timeline; Jenkins epilogue (phmhist-2.pdf p. 16); StarNews 22 Oct 2014; Popular Mechanics 25 Jul 2016
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the registry/NavSource phrasing 'sold for scrap 19 August 1996' reads like immediate scrapping but was not. DRMS sold the demilitarized, systems-stripped hull to private buyers in 1996; the hull sat with other ex-PHM hulls at Charleston, SC, later moved to Wilmington, NC, was converted to a private yacht (~2006), sailed Florida/Bahamas, resold (~2009), hauled out and partially re-engined (~2011), abandoned, and actually scrapped in mid-2014. Actual end of hull existence: 2014, Wilmington, NC - not 1996.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1996-2014
- Limitations
- Corrects the disposition timeline, not a material/exposure claim. The 1996 sale buyer, Charleston holding period, and Wilmington chain of title rest on Jenkins's epilogue and local press, not a title record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-gemini-phm6-13