Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency Maritime Commission program under which this C4-S-A1 hull (MC 659) was built at Kaiser Richmond in 1942-1944, when the federal government had reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding. For a steam-turbine transport of this type, era-typical applications were boiler and steam-drum insulation, steam-line lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, insulation board in accommodation spaces, and winch/windlass brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context); here: Kaiser Richmond Yard 3 trades and USCG ship's company
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. The product list is era-typical inference for the C4-S-A1 steam plant, not a ship specification.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-01
-
[2]Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. CA-326-L, 'Rosie the Riveter National Historical Park, Kaiser Shipyards' (Tassava written historical report, National Park Service, Library of Congress record); with NPS Rosie the Riveter/WWII Home Front NHP 'Historic Richmond Shipyards' page (nps.gov/rori) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER CA-326-L written historical data, pp. 15-16 (Yard 3 construction), p. 30 (8,000-ton steel figure), pp. 43-44 (Squier turbine/outfitting); LOC ca3393data.pdf; https://www.nps.gov/rori/learn/historyculture/historic-richmond-shipyards.htm (component counts, C4 production dates)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal written history documents the construction environment of this hull's builder: Kaiser erected the 156-acre Yard No. 3 at Potrero Point, Richmond, beginning January 1942, around five 590-by-100-foot graving docks specifically to build the C4 troop transports - this hull's type. The C4s were far more complex than Liberty ships (~8,000 tons of steel each; the NPS park page puts it at ~130,000 components vs ~9,600 for a Liberty, 'ocean-liner complexity'); Yard 3 needed six months to launch its first C4 (GENERAL GEORGE O. SQUIER) and nine months of outfitting work with Maritime Commission inspectors and imported Westinghouse 'gear men' to install the turbine engine.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940-1946 (report 2006-2007 era)
- Population
- Kaiser Richmond Yard 3 workforce (1942-1945)
- Limitations
- Documents the builder yard and C4 program, not this named hull - hull 659 is not individually described. The full written report contains NO asbestos or insulation-material statement (keyword-verified 2026-09-25): its silence is a negative datum for yard-level materials evidence, not proof of absence. Does not establish asbestos presence or absence aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-02
-
[3]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), 'General H. L. Scott (AP-136)' - HyperWar/ibiblio transcription mirror (canonical NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-25; standing NHHC link-rot issue since batch-01) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS AP-136 entry, full text (HyperWar transcription by Patrick Clancey)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record: laid down 1942-12-20 under Maritime Commission contract by Kaiser Co., Inc., Yard 3, Richmond, Calif.; launched 1943-09-19 (sponsor Mrs. Walter K. Wilson); acquired by the Navy 1944-03-06; commissioned 1944-04-03 at San Francisco, CAPT John Trebes USCG in command. Six western-Pacific troop voyages 1944-06-10 to 1945-07-02 (Marshalls, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Admiralties, Philippines); period as Pacific Fleet receiving ship; at Ulithi 1945-03-25 embarked 1,004 officers and men of USS Franklin (CV-13). Postwar: New York, Mediterranean (Naples/Leghorn), Suez/Calcutta-Colombo 'Magic-Carpet' runs, Shanghai (1945-12-11), Jinsen Korea and Shanghai occupation-troops voyage (Feb-Mar 1946). Decommissioned 1946-05-29; returned to WSA 1946-06-03; National Defense Fleet, Puget Sound; sold to Bethlehem Steel Corp. 1964-07-31; converted to general cargo ship 1965 and renamed Yorkmar. Type data: C4-S-A1; 9,950 lt disp.; cpl. 425; trp. 3,823; 4 5"/38, 8 1.1", 16 20mm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1942-1965 (entry compiled ~1960s)
- Population
- USCG ship's company 1944-1946; embarked troops incl. 1,004 USS Franklin survivors (1945-03-25)
- Limitations
- Authoritative Navy narrative history. OCR/transcription artifacts in the mirror ('G March', '2 July 1940', '3,82S') read contextually as 6 March, 2 July 1945, 3,823 - flagged, not silently corrected. Contains no asbestos or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-03
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GENERAL H. L. SCOTT (AP-136), Ship History Detail 1818, incl. digitized vessel status cards (1818_3361AF.jpg, 1818_3361AB.jpg, supplementary card) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 1818 milestone table; status card scans; Documents PDF GeneralHLScott_1818_002.pdf
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD record + status cards: Year Built 1944; Official No. 296061; MARAD type C4-S-A1; MC hull 659; Kaiser Co., Inc. #3, Richmond; completed 1944-03-06; delivered to WSA 3-6-44 2:00PM PWT Richmond, by Builders to USMC; to Navy Dept. same time (LB agreement); card record of transfer from Navy Dept. as surplus to USMC Reserve Fleet, Olympia, Wash., 1946-06-03 11:00PM PST (matches milestone Entry 6/3/1946). Withdrawn under MARAD Repair Program 1955-06-22 (GAA Olympic Steamship Co., Inc.), returned to Olympia reserve 1955-08-31. Exchange sale: contract MA-3680 dated 1964-07-31, title transferred to Bethlehem Steel Corp. (Exchange, for the MASSMAR) Washington DC noon EST; physical delivery Olympia 1964-08-04 11:23AM PDST to 'purchaser - Bethlehem/Calmar'. Renamed YORKMAR 8/64; converted to a general cargo vessel 5-65; transferred to Panamanian flag 1973-12-10 to Hou Yung Steamship Company. Database fate field: 'Transferred - Foreign.' Termination port last voyage: Seattle. Passenger capacity on card: 3,528. Scrapped 1974 (secondary compilations agree; status card ends at 1973 transfer).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Population
- NDRF Olympia lay-up workforce (1946-1964); Olympic Steamship repair crews (1955); Yorkmar crew (1965-1973)
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody, contract, and flag milestones; status cards are custody documents and contain NO materials, condition-survey, or asbestos data. Handwriting partially legible (card images read 2026-09-25). Sale price and conversion yard not stated. Scrapped-1974 endpoint rests on compiled sources (NavSource/Wikipedia), not on the card itself.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-04
-
[5]Hogge v. SS YORKMAR, 434 F. Supp. 715 (D. Md. 1977) - consolidated limitation-of-liability and personal-injury litigation (CourtListener cluster 1416874; related: General Foods Corp. v. United States and General Foods Corp. v. Baker, D. Md. 1978) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion 434 F. Supp. 715 (D. Md., filed 1977-03-11), CourtListener 1416874
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Verified court record naming this hull under its merchant name: on 1973-02-02 the SS YORKMAR (owned by Bethlehem Steel Corp., operated under bareboat charter by Calmar Steamship Corp.) allided with the Penn Central vertical-lift railroad bridge over the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, killing Yorkmar seaman Philip J. Brazil and injuring seamen Elbert Hogge and Gary Sanders. The court found the vessel at fault under the Pennsylvania Rule (failed listening watch / customary clearance procedure); Penn Central and the United States were held jointly and severally liable. Confirms the hull's Yorkmar-era operation and condition one year before her 1973 flag transfer and 1974 scrapping.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1973-1978 (litigation period)
- Population
- Yorkmar crew (1973); bridge and tow personnel
- Limitations
- This is collision/allision personal-injury, death, and limitation-of-liability litigation - NOT asbestos litigation and not exposure evidence. Classified 'other litigation': it establishes vessel identity/operation only. Litigation-stage discipline: the fault finding is a trial-level merits holding; the case says nothing about shipboard materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-05
-
[6]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, official biography of Rear Admiral Allen Winbeck [other_primary]
- Locator
- history.uscg.mil Notable People biography, RADM Allen Winbeck (article 1919618)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG biography corroborates the ship's Coast Guard manning and command chain: Winbeck became executive officer of the troop transport General H. L. Scott (AP-136) after Patrol Frigate Division 11 staff duty (c. late 1944), transporting troops from the West Coast to Pacific Theater areas, and assumed command of the Scott in July 1945, transporting troops between Seattle, Korea, and Shanghai until decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- USCG officers and crew of AP-136 (1944-1946)
- Limitations
- Official service biography, not a ship record; its 'decommissioning ... in April 1946' phrasing is loose and conflicts with DANFS's explicit 29 May 1946 decommissioning (controlled to DANFS; see correction row ev-09). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-06
-
[7]Batch-2065 search ledger (this record): DANFS; MARAD ShipHistory 1818 + status cards; HAER CA-326-L full text; USCG Historian's Office; CourtListener name/hull/name-variant/operator searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-01 through sl-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, construction specification, or docketed asbestos case names AP-136, MC hull 659, ON 296061, or the Yorkmar in the public sources searched. MARAD status cards and the HAER Kaiser-yards written history contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement. The only docketed case naming the hull (Hogge v. SS Yorkmar) is non-asbestos allision litigation. CourtListener hits classified: 'AP-136' = docket-number collisions; 'Calmar Steamship + asbestos' = asbestos opinions citing Peterson v. Calmar Steamship Corp., 296 F. Supp. 8 (E.D. Pa. 1969) for damages law only - operator-level, non-asbestos (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 steam transport is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the hull was scrapped in 1974 leaving no present-day survey population. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-07
-
[8]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 248 (War Shipping Administration), RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard merchant-vessel logbooks) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov RG guides 24/26/178/248; batch-05 NARA merchant-vessel mapping
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - no box-level work or paid reproduction authorized): (a) RG 24 Navy deck logs for USS AP-136, 1944-46 (this was a commissioned Navy vessel; logs would document ports, drills, and shipboard events); (b) RG 178 USMC Construction Division records 1942-46 and West Coast Director for Construction (San Francisco) files - the correct path for Kaiser Richmond Yard 3 / MC hull 659 construction and outfitting specifications; (c) RG 248 WSA files for the 1944 delivery and 1946 surplus return; (d) RG 26 merchant logbooks for the Yorkmar era (1965-73), distributed to regional NARA facilities by port of submission (Baltimore for Calmar's home port).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1942-1974 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only (path established in batch-05 and confirmed against NARA guides); existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-08
-
[9]Date/designation conflicts across compiled and official sources: DANFS (29 May 1946 decommissioning) vs NavSource (29 March 1946) vs USCG Winbeck biography ('April 1946' framing); Wikipedia's 'Reclassified T-AP-136, 1 March 1950' artifact [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS AP-136 text; NavSource 09/22/22136; USCG biography; Wikipedia class/ship articles (leads only)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Conflicts resolved and logged: (a) Decommissioning - DANFS's explicit 'She decommissioned 29 May' is adopted as controlling; NavSource's '29 March 1946' and the USCG biography's loose 'April 1946' framing are rejected/logged. (b) T-AP-136 - Wikipedia carries the class-standard 'Reclassified T-AP-136, 1 March 1950' line, but this hull was in the NDRF at Olympia since June 1946, was among the four Squier-class hulls (AP 130, 131, 132, 136) never transferred to Army or reinstated to the NVR for MSTS service, and was sold in 1964; the T-AP-136 designation was never operationally applied to this hull and is not carried as a fact.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1946-1950
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies among official and compiled sources; does not affect identity or custody timeline materially. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-h-l-scott-ap136-09