Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]DANFS, 'General M. C. Meigs' (AP-116) entry (verbatim transcription by hazegray; live NHHC page returned 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + full service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: P2-S2-R2 transport (11,450 t lt; 622'7" x 75'6" x 25'6"; 21 kt; cpl. 418, trp. 5,289; 4x5", 16x1.1", 20x20mm; General John Pope class), launched 1944-03-13 under Maritime Commission contract by Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny NJ, sponsored by Mrs. Henry R. Arnold, acquired 1944-06-02, commissioned 1944-06-03 at Bayonne NJ under CAPT George W. McKean USCG. WWII: two Newport News-Naples round trips (1944-07-10 to 09-01); embarked 5,200 Brazilian Expeditionary Force troops at Rio - the first Brazilian troops carried by an American transport - to Naples (arr. 1944-10-06), returned with troops, civilians, 460 German POWs via Bizerte/Oran; further US-Italy-North Africa-via-Brazil round trips through 1945-03-08; Panama/Puerto Rico run 1945-03-25 to 04-07; Le Havre, Naples, Brazil shuttles through August; Magic Carpet fleet from 1945-10-02 incl. Norfolk-Naples-Karachi run and Far East voyage reaching Nagoya 1946-01-10; arrived San Francisco 1946-01-24, decommissioned 1946-03-04, turned over to WSA for American President Lines. Korea: taken over 1950-07-21, assigned to MSTS, civilian crew, 19 Far East cruises; Reduced Operational Status 1955; transferred to MARAD 1958-10-01, NDRF Olympia. Six Korean War battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1958
- Population
- USCG crew (~418) and embarked troops (up to 5,289/voyage), 1944-1946; civilian MSTS crew, 1950-1958
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, construction, manning (USCG), and full service history. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statements. Live NHHC page 404 on 2026-09-18 - cited via verbatim transcription (Wayback capture of hazegray DANFS mirror).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-01
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[2]Naval Historical Center (NHHC) Online Library, 'USS General M. C. Meigs (AP-116), 1944-1972. Later USNS General M. C. Meigs (T-AP-116)' ship page (HyperWar/ibiblio mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library ship page, narrative paragraphs 1-4
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC narrative records the postwar trail: one of two class ships in commercial service (with General W. H. Gordon, AP-117); delivered to a San Francisco shipyard April 1946 for austere conversion, chartered to American President Lines June 1946; P2-S2-R10 full liner-conversion design prepared but not carried out; APL returned her to the Maritime Commission reserve fleet June 1949; MSTS acquired her July 1950, refitted with civilian crew as USNS T-AP-116, in the Far East by late August 1950; modernized at Portland, Oregon September 1953-February 1954 (WWII lifeboats/davits replaced; empty centerline gun positions fitted); last trans-Pacific voyage May 1955; MSTS Ready Reserve at Everett April 1956; stricken from NVR and transferred to MARAD October 1958, Olympia reserve fleet. January 1972: departed Bremerton under tow by MSTS salvage ship Gear (T-ARS-34) for Suisun Bay; gale off Cape Flattery parted the tow lines; blew ashore just south of Portage Head and broke in half around a large rock pinnacle; portions of the wreck still visible in 2006.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1946-1972
- Population
- Conversion/modernization yard workers (1946 SF; 1953-54 Portland - yards unnamed)
- Limitations
- Naval Historical Center text; authoritative for disposition narrative. Names neither the 1946 San Francisco conversion yard nor the 1953-54 Portland modernization yard. Contains no asbestos/materials statements.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-02
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[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GENERAL M. C. MEIGS (AP-116), Detail 1830 [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 1830, vessel data + milestone table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record: U.S. Official No. 249811; built 1944 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock; type Naval Auxiliary; missions World War II and Korean War; custody milestones - Entry/Acquisition 1949-06-08 (return from APL charter to reserve fleet), Disposition 1971-11-02 with notation 'VESSEL DAMAGED PRIOR', Withdrawal 1971-11-02.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1949-1971
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones. The 'VESSEL DAMAGED PRIOR' notation (1971-11-02) predates the documented grounding (1972-01-09) by two months - meaning unresolved, not interpreted here. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-03
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[4]Clark, Finley (NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service), Patten (NMFS Mukilteo), DeNike (WA State Dept. of Ecology), 'Long-Term Chemical and Biological Effects of a Persistent Oil Spill Following the Grounding of the General M. C. Meigs,' 1975 Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, pp. 479-487 (interagency team incl. EPA Region X); full text via Clallam County MRC [other_primary]
- Locator
- Paper abstract + Introduction (pp. 479-481); NOAA repository symposium volume noaa_47509 cover note
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed interagency study of this hull's wreck: grounding at Portage Head on 1972-01-09 released Navy Special Fuel Oil continuously into an open-ocean intertidal community; hull broke into two parts forming a breakwater, the fantail later separated, and the stern section was torn apart by wave action over ~2.5 years while the bow remained in position; oil moved over the rock shelf as a single large spill in the first two days, then as discrete globules incorporated into Wreck Cove beaches; biota hydrocarbon-uptake and population studies ran 1973-01 to 1974-08 (e.g., a Phyllospadix scouleri sample one month after grounding retained oil at 41% of dry weight; Fucus residual 160 PPM after one year). A companion NOAA Puget Sound oil-pollution symposium volume records ~116,000 gallons of oil aboard, part spilled and continuing to be released.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1972-1974 (study window)
- Population
- Intertidal biota at Wreck Cove/Portage Head; interagency field teams (1972-1974)
- Limitations
- Documents petroleum pollution and hull breakup of this specific vessel - says nothing about asbestos or other construction materials; no insulation/materials inventory exists in this source. The environmental record neither proves nor excludes asbestos having been aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-04
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[5]NOAA, Maritime Heritage Resources Management Guidance for Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary - vessel inventory [nps]
- Locator
- Guidance document, vessel inventory list + WISAARD paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NOAA's Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary maritime-heritage guidance inventories 'Steamship General M. C. Meigs, built in 1944, sunk in 1972' among 197 documented vessels; OCNMS transmitted vessel spatial data to the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) in July 2014 for entry in the WISAARD database.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2014 (data transfer)
- Limitations
- Confirms wreck location and sinking year in a federal heritage inventory; inventory listing is not an eligibility determination, and the record contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-05
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[6]NavSource Online Service Ship Photo Archive, USNS General M. C. Meigs (T-AP-116) ex USS (AP-116) - specifications block + chronology; corroborated by Corn & Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' AJIM 11(3):359-373 (1987), doi:10.1002/ajim.4700110311 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 09/22/22116 specifications block; Corn & Starr abstract
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- This hull's documented plant - four Foster-Wheeler D-type boilers (465 psi, 765 deg.F), two De Laval steam turbines, double De Laval main reduction gears, four 400 kW turbo-drive generators, twin screws, 17,000 shp - is a full WWII high-pressure steam installation built under a 1943 Maritime Commission contract. Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that U.S. WWII shipbuilding used asbestos extensively as fireproofing/insulation and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard ships; the typical application set for this plant type is boiler and steam-drum insulation, turbine casing lagging, steam-line lagging, valve/flange gaskets, machinery packing, accommodation insulation, and brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1972
- Population
- Construction trades (Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, 1943-44); USCG engineering crew; MSTS engine-room crew; conversion/modernization yard workers (1946, 1953-54); salvage/tow crews (1972)
- Limitations
- Machinery configuration is ship-specific (NavSource specs); the asbestos link is era/design inference - no insulation schedule, survey, or material sample for this hull was located. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, or present-day presence (the hull broke up in the surf zone 1972-1976).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-06
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[7]In re Joint Eastern and Southern Districts Asbestos Litigation (Robinson v. United States), 891 F.2d 31 (2d Cir. 1989) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion, 891 F.2d 31 (No. 1547, docket 89-6109)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Second Circuit ruling on mesothelioma claims by a mariner aboard War Shipping Administration vessels; the court barred personal-injury claims against the United States on discretionary-function grounds. This hull operated under WSA charter by American President Lines 1946-1949 - the same wartime/postwar government shipping program the ruling addresses.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1989 (opinion); 1946-49 (this hull's WSA window)
- Population
- WSA-era merchant mariners (class context)
- Limitations
- Fleet-level jurisdictional precedent; does not name this hull, does not find asbestos conditions aboard any specific vessel, and establishes only the litigation posture for WSA-era mariner claims. Reporter citation: 891 F.2d 31 (2d Cir. 1989).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-07
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[8]Batch-153 search ledger (this record): DANFS/NHHC, NHHC Online Library, NavSource, MARAD ShipHistory, NOAA/OCNMS, CourtListener API v4 + web-indexed court records, USCG Historian historic-ships list [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-01 through -08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, insulation schedule, abatement contract, or docketed case naming General M. C. Meigs (AP-116 / T-AP-116) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener API v4 was rate-limited (HTTP 429, 125/day) during the session - only web-indexed court records were checkable, and they show name collisions (e.g., Meigs County) rather than this vessel. Law-firm marketing pages listing the ship among 'asbestos Navy vessels' exist but carry no primary support and are excluded by rule.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos - a 1944 steam transport is era-consistent with asbestos insulation, and the hull's in-situ breakup (1972-76) means materials went into the marine environment undocumented. Does not establish or defeat any individual exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-general-m-c-meigs-ap116-08