Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 378-packet.md (2 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: Geoanna (IX-61) | Designation: IX-61 | Type: steel auxiliary schooner (110'6" l., 22'6" b., 14'9" dr., 8 k.)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-geoanna-ix61-pkt-378-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS entry 'Geoanna' (NHHC, published 2015-07-13): steel auxiliary schooner built 1934 by Craig Shipbuilding Co., Long Beach, Calif.; acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission 1 February 1942; placed in service 19 February 1942; 11th Naval District, miscellaneous duties for Port Director, San Pedro; turned over to Coast Guard temporarily 2 July 1943 as operational training ship; redelivered to Maritime Commission 28 August 1943; turned over to Army 3 September 1943. Stat line: 1. 111'6"; b. 22'6"; dr. 14'9"; s. 8 k. [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS online entry, single-paragraph record + stat line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy service record: IX-61 was a 1934 Craig Shipbuilding steel auxiliary schooner requisitioned via the Maritime Commission on 1 February 1942, placed in service 19 February 1942, assigned to the 11th Naval District performing miscellaneous duties for the Port Director, San Pedro; temporarily transferred to the Coast Guard 2 July 1943 (operational training ship); redelivered to the Maritime Commission 28 August 1943; turned over to the Army 3 September 1943.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1943
- Population
- U.S. Navy crew, 11th Naval District (Feb 1942-Jul 1943); USCG operational-training cadre (Jul-Aug 1943)
- Limitations
- Authoritative for Navy custody timeline but terse: no complement, no armament, no conversion-yard detail, no strike date, no asbestos or materials content. 'Placed in service' wording - not 'commissioned' - bears on the never-USS correction row. Does not establish or refute any exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-01
-
[3]Thompson, George Raynor, and Dixie R. Harris, 'The Signal Corps: The Outcome (Mid-1943 Through 1945),' United States Army in World War II, CMH Pub 10-18, U.S. Army Center of Military History (1966), pp. 262-263, 275-276 (full text via Internet Archive scan of the official volume; catalog record at history.army.mil CMH Pub 10-18) [other_primary]
- Locator
- CMH Pub 10-18, chapter 'The Southwest Pacific: To Mid-1944,' pp. 262-263 and 275-276; index entry 'Geoanna: 262-63, 275-76'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official U.S. Army history of the Signal Corps: 'On 12 December 1943 the Geoanna, a 100-foot schooner, joined [the] CP fleet' - the improvised Southwest Pacific Area command-post/communications-relay flotilla built under General Akin around the Australian vessels Harold and Argosy Lemal serving Port Moresby, Woodlark, and the Lae-Salamaua area. The same volume records that 'by mid-1944 the Harold, Argosy Lemal, and Geoanna, three of the makeshift communications ships that had proved their value in the CP fleet along the New Guinea coast, were required to be returned to the Transportation Corps,' replaced by larger PCE(R)-type communications ships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- U.S. Army Signal Corps CP-fleet crews; mixed Army/Navy/Australian-civilian complement
- Limitations
- Authoritative for the ship's role in the Army Signal Corps CP fleet and the 12 Dec 1943 join date. The 'return to the Transportation Corps' passage is fleet-level - it does not detail Geoanna's continued employment under the Small Ships Section, which the firsthand USNI account documents through August 1945. Calls her a '100-foot schooner' (registered/waterline framing; LOA was 111'6"). No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-02
-
[4]Pohlmann, Helm, 'Schooner G.I.,' Naval History (U.S. Naval Institute), Vol. 11 No. 5, October 1997 - firsthand crew account of service aboard Army TP-249 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History, Oct 1997 issue, article text and artwork captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Firsthand memoir of an Army deckhand/gunner aboard Geoanna (TP-249): steel-hulled two-masted schooner serving as radio ship and relay station; 34-man Army roster; nameplate 'Geoanna - Port of Los Angeles'; call letters WUFY; armament four .50-caliber guns plus one 20-mm; departed Brisbane early March 1944 via Townsville, Milne Bay, Finschhafen to Hollandia; sailed for Morotai 4 October 1944, anchored near Roebe 12 October; under repeated Japanese air attack Oct-Nov 1944 (shared/split-credit aircraft kill 31 October; near-miss bombing 12 November chipping hull paint and lodging fragments in a sail and the wooden deckhouse); Hollandia repair period; sailed for the Palaus 23 May 1945, then Tacloban and Manila at war's end. Epilogue: postwar civilian ownership, operated as a Luzon Stevedoring Company boat 1947-1977.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (service); 1997 (publication)
- Population
- Army TP-249 crew (~34-man roster per author), 1943-45; exposed to combat and normal shipboard machinery environment
- Limitations
- Memoir published ~52 years after events; operational details vivid but uncorroborated at the incident level (dates and the claimed shared kill are the author's recollection). Crew count (34-man roster) conflicts with a second firsthand account reporting 18 men - carried in gaps, not merged. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-03
-
[5]NavSource Online, Service Ship Photo Archive: 'Geoanna (S-382 / CS-1) ex USAV Geoanna (TP-249) (1943 - ?) Geoanna (IX-61) (1942 - 1943)' - compiled service record and specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource IX-61 page: header lineage block, Specifications block, photo caption for image 094606102
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled record: displacement 122 t.; length 111'6"; beam 22'6"; draft 14'9"; speed 8 kts.; complement unknown; armament unknown; propulsion sail with a 4-cylinder auxiliary diesel engine, single propeller. Service sequence matches DANFS (acquired 1 Feb 1942, in service 19 Feb 1942, to USCG 2 Jul 1943, to Army 3 Sep 1943 designated TP-249); adds Army Small Ships Section employment as a radio communications ship under designations S-382 / CS-1, ribbon display for American Campaign Medal / Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal / WWII Victory Medal, 'Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown,' and 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Photo captions document her at Morotai, Dutch East Indies, November 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary archive - corroborated against DANFS for the Navy timeline but not itself an official record; the S-382/CS-1 designations, ribbon attribution, and '4-cylinder diesel' detail are compilation-only (ShipScribe gives a Superior 135-hp diesel; 1935 press coverage gives 150 hp). Strike date and final disposition explicitly unresolved. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-04
-
[6]Roberts, Stephen S., 'Small IX: Auxiliary Schooners etc. (1)' - ShipScribe compilation from BuShips/Navy acquisition and disposition records (class table, class notes, ship notes for IX-61) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ShipScribe IX055 page: class notes 'IX 58-61,' construction/disposition tables, ship note IX-61
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled class record: on 21 Jan 1942 CNO asked the Maritime Commission to acquire four auxiliary schooners (IX-58, -59, -60, -61); all acquired at San Pedro, assigned 11th Naval District in early February 1942, reassigned to the Western Sea Frontier 23 July 1942, and selected for layup 13 April 1943; IX-59 (Volador) and IX-61 (Geoanna) were temporarily transferred to the Coast Guard ~1 July 1943 for operational training and permanently transferred to the Army Transportation Service at San Pedro in August 1943, thereafter providing communications relays and acting as command post for forward elements ashore as Army ships TP-248 and TP-249. IX-61 ship note: ex yacht Geoanna, 90 tons light / 122 gross, 111.5' oa x 81.5' wl x 22.5' x 14.75', steel hull, one Superior diesel 135 hp, 8 kts, designed by George L. Craig, requisitioned by the MC from Seven Up Bottling Co. (purchased by them 1938). Disposition table: out of service ca. Apr 1943, struck 3 Sep 1943, disposal 20 Aug 1943, fate 'Army.' Postwar trail: registered in the Philippines by Edward M. Grimm as motor yacht LANIKAI II; Grimm died ~1989; removed from Philippine registry 1991; sold 1996 to Swedish owner Emil Heijne; sent 1997 to the Atlantic, Gulf & Pacific Co. (AG&P) shipyard at Batangas for drydocking and repair; AG&P sued for unpaid funds in 1999 with the case still in the courts in 2009.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1934-2009
- Population
- Navy/USCG custodial crews 1942-43; Army Transportation Service crews 1943-45; postwar civilian crews and AG&P shipyard workers (1997 repair period)
- Limitations
- Researcher's compilation drawing on Navy acquisition/disposition files - authoritative-seeming detail but a secondary source; the strike date (3 Sep 1943), Western Sea Frontier reassignment, layup selection, and the entire postwar LANIKAI II/AG&P trail are single-source here (corroborated only loosely by other compilations). Diesel spec conflicts with NavSource (4-cylinder) and 1935 press (150 hp). No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-05
-
[7]Seven-Up Bottling Co. of Los Angeles, Inc. v. United States, 68 F. Supp. 735, 107 Ct. Cl. 402 (Ct. Cl. Dec. 2, 1946), No. 45868 (CourtListener opinion 2312725) [court_record]
- Locator
- 68 F. Supp. 735, 107 Ct. Cl. 402; CL opinion id 2312725, docket id 2144645, court 'cc'; full opinion text retrieved via authenticated API v4
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Docketed, decided case naming this vessel - but not asbestos or exposure litigation: a Fifth Amendment just-compensation dispute over the Maritime Commission's 1 February 1942 requisition of the yacht Geoanna from the plaintiff. The opinion (Jones, J., full text verified via CourtListener) opens: 'On February 1, 1942, the United States Maritime Commission requisitioned and took the yacht Geoanna which belonged to the plaintiff.' The War Shipping Administration had determined $20,000 just compensation and paid $15,000 (75%); the owner sued for the balance. The court found 'the fair and reasonable value of the vessel on that date to be $30,000' and ordered recovery of the additional $15,000 with 4 percent interest - a merits-level judgment for the owner on valuation. The opinion also documents the $120,000 build cost and the plaintiff's 1938 purchase at $60,000 plus $8,452.65 in improvements.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1946
- Limitations
- Classified 'other litigation,' not qualifying asbestos litigation: a compensation/valuation case reaching final judgment for the plaintiff at the Court of Claims (Whaley, C.J., not participating). Establishes ownership (Seven-Up Bottling Co. of Los Angeles), the requisition date, the WSA $20,000 valuation, and the adjudicated $30,000 value - establishes no fact about asbestos, exposure, or shipboard conditions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-06
-
[8]Batch-4853 CourtListener sweep (authenticated API v4 via fleet helper script): queries "Geoanna" and "IX-61" in opinion index; "Geoanna" in RECAP docket index - run 2026-09-29 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-geoanna-ix61-06, -07, -08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep result: the name search "Geoanna" (opinion index) returned exactly one case - Seven-Up Bottling Co. v. United States (68 F. Supp. 735, Ct. Cl. 1946), a requisition-compensation case classified as other litigation, not asbestos/exposure. Hull-number search "IX-61" returned 20 hits, all name collisions on docket/exhibit/section numbering in unrelated cases - no hit mentions the vessel or any ship. RECAP docket-index search "Geoanna" returned zero results. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this vessel located in any index searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Name-distinctive hull - 'Geoanna' is a low-collision search term, so a single non-asbestos hit is a meaningful negative for asbestos litigation in CL's opinion index. The Philippine AG&P repair suit (1999-2009) is foreign-court litigation outside U.S. docket indexes and would not appear. Absence of docketed asbestos cases does not prove absence of exposure or claims filed under other names.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-07
-
[9]NHHC, 'Ship Naming' page: 'The prefix "USS," meaning "United States Ship," is used in official documents to identify a commissioned ship of the Navy' / 'Commissioned vessels and craft shall be called "United States Ship" or "U.S.S."' - applied to DANFS's 'placed in service' wording for this hull [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC ship-naming page (convention text); DANFS Geoanna entry ('placed in service'); NavSource IX-61 page (no USS prefix); ShipScribe class table ('Commiss.' column)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Correction: the common label 'USS Geoanna' is technically incorrect. DANFS records the vessel as 'placed in service 19 February 1942' - in-service language, not commissioning language - and no official source records a commissioning. Under the NHHC naming rule, the USS prefix identifies a commissioned ship; NavSource accordingly lists her without the USS prefix and secondary compilations state she was never commissioned. The vessel was Geoanna (IX-61) in Navy service, TP-249 / S-382 / CS-1 in Army service - 'USS Geoanna' survives as popular usage only.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942
- Limitations
- Residual ambiguity: the ShipScribe class table lists 19 Feb 1942 in a 'Commiss.' column - read here as the in-service date matching DANFS, but a commissioning cannot be categorically excluded from the consulted sources; no Navy Register page for IX-61 was located online (ship disposed of 1943, predating the online NVR). Naming accuracy only - does not affect the service timeline.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-08
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373, abstract and article
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era context only: peer-reviewed scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the period in which this vessel was requisitioned, fitted for Navy district duties at San Pedro (1942), and converted in Australia as an Army communications ship (1943). For a sail-primary auxiliary schooner with a small diesel the era-consistent scope would be limited to applications such as engine/exhaust lagging, gaskets, packing, and electrical or galley insulation - materially narrower than a steam-plant hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation: the article does not name this vessel or vessel type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. No conversion specification or work-order for IX-61/TP-249 was located; the inference base for this hull is thinner than for purpose-built or steam-powered vessels.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-09
-
[11]Batch-4853 search ledger (this record): DANFS; CMH Pub 10-18 full text; NavSource IX-61; ShipScribe Small IX; USNI Naval History 1997; MARAD ShipHistory API; NavSea NVR search; CourtListener name/hull/docket sweeps; HathiTrust MVUS attempt; secondary compilations (aboutww2, Ghost Fleet, classicsailboats, Wikipedia citation trail) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-geoanna-ix61-01 through sl-uss-geoanna-ix61-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, conversion specification, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed asbestos case naming Geoanna / IX-61 / TP-249 / S-382 / LANIKAI II was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull is a 1934 build with undocumented 1942 and 1943 military conversions, and Philippine-registry/AG&P repair records (1997-1999) are not publicly indexed. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-10
-
[12]NARA Guide to Federal Records and digitization programs: RG 24 (Naval Personnel - WWII deck logs / Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, NARA II, partially digitized); RG 19 (Bureau of Ships records - acquisition/conversion correspondence for the 21 Jan 1942 four-schooner directive); RG 111 (Office of the Chief Signal Officer - 'Seaborne CP's' official history 98-GHQ1-31 cited by CMH Pub 10-18); RG 336 (Office of the Chief of Transportation - TP-249 Small Ships Section records); Merchant Vessels of the United States 1934/1939 registry entries under official number 234117 (HathiTrust scans exist; page-level retrieval blocked this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Guide RG 24/19/111/336/178; MVUS 1934 pp. 878-879 and 1939 p. 452 per the Wikipedia citation trail (unverified at page level)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): (a) WWII deck logs for IX-61's in-service period, if retained, in RG 24 at NARA II (digitization status for in-service IX craft unverified); (b) BuShips/Maritime Commission acquisition and conversion correspondence in RG 19/RG 178 covering the 21 Jan 1942 CNO directive and the 1942 San Pedro fit-out; (c) the SWPA Signal Corps 'Seaborne CP's' official history (98-GHQ1-31, rev 14 Jan 1945) and 60th Signal Battalion files documenting TP-249 radio-fleet employment; (d) Transportation Corps Small Ships Section records (RG 336); (e) MVUS registry volumes under official no. 234117 for pre-war yacht particulars. Citation-trail items carried unverified from secondary relay (HathiTrust scans exist but IP-blocked this session): official no. 234117; 122 GRT / 90 net; registered length 96.5 ft, breadth 22.5 ft, depth 17.9 ft; documented crew of 5 (MVUS 1934 pp.878-879, 1939 p.452); call letters WNAP (MVUS 1939); yard hull 155 (shipbuildinghistory.com Craig yard list); 150-hp auxiliary diesel and 'largest/costliest steel sailing yacht on the Pacific Coast' characterization (LA Times 31 Jul 1935 trial coverage); 1939 San Francisco-Honolulu Trans-Pacific race participation (period yachting press).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1934-1945 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding. NARA online catalog is a JS application; holdings were mapped at the guide level, not queried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-geoanna-ix61-11