USS Glacier (AK-183)

Evidence

11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).

1. [1]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency Maritime Commission program under which this C1-M-AV1 hull was built (MC hull 2114 falls in the first contract group of 100 ships approved 1943-09-02 per shipscribe class notes) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls. For this diesel-powered design, era-consistent applications run to exhaust/machinery insulation, gaskets, packing, joiner and refrigeration insulation, electrical insulation, and brake linings rather than boiler/steam-line lagging.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1940s era documented; article 1987

   Population

   WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context); this hull's construction trades span four sites - Walter Butler Superior WI, the inland-waterway tow crews, Port Houston Iron Works Houston, and Brown Shipbuilding fit-out crews

   Limitations

   Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or the C1-M-AV1 type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. The application list is type-level inference, not a survey of this ship.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-01

2. [2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - 'Glacier III' (AK-183) entry (Wayback capture 2025-12-09 of NHHC page; canonical NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-21) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   Wayback Machine capture 2025-12-09 of https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/g/glacier-iii.html - full entry; canonical URL returned 404 (standing NHHC link rot, same as batches 01, 833, 846, 856)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS 'Glacier III (AK-183)' entry records: namesake note 'the second and fourth Glacier were named for Glacier Bay, Alaska; the third Glacier for Glacier County, Montana'; stat line (AK-183: dp. 7,450; l. 338'6"; b. 50'; dr. 21'1"; s. 11.5 k.; cpl. 85; a. 1 3"). Launched 1944-04-22 under a Maritime Commission contract by Walter Butler Shipbuilding, Inc., Superior, Wis.; sponsored by Miss Agnes Kennedy; acquired 1945-03-29 and commissioned 1945-04-14, Lt. C. L. Hitchcock, USNR, in command. Service: shakedown off Galveston, Tex.; loaded lumber and metal drums at New Orleans; sailed 1945-05-18 for Pearl Harbor (in 1945-06-12 to off-load); underway 1945-06-29 with building supplies for Kwajalein; returned via Eniwetok to San Francisco 1945-08-05; a 5-month voyage out of San Francisco brought general cargo to Pearl Harbor, Tarawa, Majuro, Eniwetok, Guam, and Saipan; moored at Norfolk 1946-02-01; decommissioned there 1946-02-19; returned to the Maritime Commission 3 days later; stricken from the Navy List 1946-03-12.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1944-1946 (entry text)

   Population

   Navy crew (cpl. 85 design figure per DANFS; 8 officers + 61 men per the ship's own Ship's History)

   Limitations

   Authoritative for identity, chronology, and operations. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazardous-material statement. Gives no laid-down date. Elides the two-stage build entirely - no mention of the Great Lakes delivery, the New Orleans tow, or the Port Houston Iron Works reassembly; the MARAD card, shipscribe ship note, and the ship's own history carry that chain. The 1946 disposal line 'returned to the Maritime Commission' is confirmed by the card's WSA Reserve Fleet entry at Lee Hall 1946-02-22.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-02

3. [3]USS Glacier (AK-183) War Diary, April-December 1945, with appended Ship's History and 'History of the U.S.S. Glacier (AK-183)' narrative (18-page NavSource-hosted scan, contributed by Frank Gerhardt; the underlying documents are Navy war-diary submissions of the RG 38 family - cover sheets bear NARA scan stamps) [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource PDF 130183a.pdf: pp. 1-2 (April-May 1945 commissioning/shakedown), pp. 3-5 (May-June, Pearl/Kwajalein/Eniwetok), pp. 6-7 (July, incl. the light-load pounding remark), p. 8 (August, Clay Street Pier voyage repairs), pp. 9-10 (September), pp. 11-13 (October, Tarawa/Majuro/Eniwetok), p. 14 (November, Guam/Saipan/USS Hector repairs), p. 15 (26 Sep 1945 letter forwarding Ship's History), pp. 16-18 (Ship's History + narrative History incl. complement and Great Lakes delivery description)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Ship-generated primary record: the USS Glacier (AK-183) war diary April-December 1945 plus an appended 'Ship's History' (forwarded to the Secretary of the Navy 1945-09-26 per AlPac 202) and a longer narrative 'History of the U.S.S. Glacier (AK-183)' (received by the Office of Public Relations 1946-01-28), all signed by C. L. Hitchcock (Lt. then Lt. Comdr., (D), USNR). The diary documents: commissioning 1945-04-14 at 1530 at Brown Shipbuilding Company, Houston, in availability status under the Industrial Manager, Eighth Naval District (Ship's History gives 1630 - intra-source variance); Galveston shakedown under the Gulf Shakedown Unit, Auxiliary Vessels Shakedown Group, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (24-hour test run 4-30; measured mile 5-4; gunnery 5-5 expending 45 rounds 3"/50 and 1,080 rounds 20mm); post-shakedown availability at Texas Coast Shipyards, Galveston 5-5 to 5-10; cargo loading (lumber and metal drums) at Naval Supply Depot New Orleans 5-12 to 5-17; departure New Orleans 1945-05-18, Panama Canal transit (Colon 5-22 to 5-23), attached to Commander Service Squadron 8, Pacific Fleet; Pearl Harbor 6-12 (Berth K-8 discharge; AA firing en route 27 rounds 3"/50, 1,240 rounds 20mm); Kwajalein Berth 15 (7-9 to 7-13, discharging to LCTs); Eniwetok Berth O-3 (7-16 to 7-19); departure 7-20 for San Francisco arriving 8-5 - the diary remarks 'excessive pounding of the ship in moderate sea indicates the inadvisability of extended trips in an empty condition'; voyage repairs Clay Street Pier, Oakland 8-8 to 8-22; loading at Pier 50-A San Francisco; departure 8-28 for Pearl Harbor (9-5); Tarawa Betio anchorage (10-5), Majuro Rita Pier (10-8; stern lines parted in high winds 10-11, re-anchored Berth 23), Tarawa (10-15), Eniwetok Berth P-4 (10-20 to 11-4); Guam Agana Bay 11-9 reporting to Commander Service Squadron TEN, Sugar Dock Apra Harbor 11-10 to 11-23; Saipan Berth Love 69 (11-25 to 11-28); moored alongside USS Hector (repair ship) Tanapag Harbor, Saipan 11-29 to 11-30 'undergoing repairs'; 12-12 orders received to return to New Orleans for decommissioning; departed Tanapag 12-13 on great-circle course for the Panama Canal. The Ship's History states the complement as EIGHT (8) officers and SIXTY-ONE (61) men and describes the Great Lakes-to-ocean delivery: 'it was necessary to fit buoyant pontoons to her hull, and to remove masts and most of the deck house in order to allow the ship to pass under bridges' via the Mississippi River. The narrative lists cargo types - Quonset huts, foodstuffs (frozen and dry), spare parts, ammunition, '500 other separate types of material,' one shipment of $25,000,000 in U.S.-denomination paper currency - and fourteen 50-foot booms of 15-, 5-, 20-, and 30-ton capacity.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1945-04 to 1945-12

   Population

   Commissioned crew (8 officers + 61 men per the ship's own Ship's History); passengers/cargo handlers not enumerated

   Limitations

   Ship-specific primary artifact of daily operation - the strongest source in this record for the commissioned period. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or condition-survey statements; the maintenance entries (Texas Coast Shipyards post-shakedown availability, Clay Street Pier voyage repairs, alongside-USS-Hector repairs at Saipan) name availabilities but do not enumerate materials disturbed, and neither establish nor negate any material condition. Scan hosted by a volunteer archive (NavSource); the underlying document is the Navy submission itself. The diary ends 1945-12-13 - the homeward passage, Panama transit, and Norfolk arrival are not covered. Intra-source variances (commissioning hour 1530 vs 1630; decommissioning destination New Orleans per orders vs Norfolk per DANFS) carried in the correction row.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-03

4. [4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GLACIER (AK-183), Ship History Detail 8277 (vessel status card scan 2S0_01.png; GLACIER.pdf transfer ledger 773a8771-acb8-43bf-a3a7-01ef0c682682) [marad_nrc]

   Locator

   ShipHistory Detail 8277 - status-card scan /cards/2S0_01.png read directly (custody face); documents/773a8771-acb8-43bf-a3a7-01ef0c682682.pdf transfer ledger (single populated page; reverse blank)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   MARAD ShipHistory records for this hull (Detail 8277 'GLACIER (AK-183)'): Official No. 246535; shipyard 'Walter Butler Shipbuilders'; MARAD type C1-M-AV1; year built 1945; displacement 7,450 (summer) / 2,382 (light); fate 'Sold - Foreign Flag Op.'; detail page field 'Ship Length 388.84 feet' is anomalous vs the documented 338'6" (see correction row). Vessel status card (scan 2S0_01.png) reads: O.N. 246535; name GLACIER (AK-183), flag AMER., type C1-M-AV1; MC Hull No. 2114; built-by field carries typed 'Port Houston Iron Wks At Houston, Texas' with a handwritten annotation 'W. Butler, Superior - #32' (yard hull number, matching the shipbuildinghistory table); 'Completed 3-29-45'; 'Basis to W.S.A. 3-29-45 10:00AM CWT @ Houston, Texas del. by Builders to USMC'; allocation rows - Navy Dept. (del. from USMC) | LB | Houston, Texas | 3-29-45 10:00AM CWT; WSA Reserve Fleet | Lee Hall, Va. | 2-22-46 2:30PM EST; Dichmann, Wright & Pugh, Inc. | GAA | Lee Hall, Va. | 3-1-47 10AM EST; Kingdom of Netherlands | Purch. | Hoboken, N.J. | 4-17-47 3PM EST - annotation '(Title passed simultaneously)'; a partially legible handwritten '1946' annotation appears near the Netherlands row. Transfer ledger (GLACIER.pdf): Navy Dept. -> Reserve Fleet 2-22-46 1430 EST Lee Hall (Surplus/LU); Reserve Fleet -> Dichmann, Wright & Pugh, Inc. 3-1-47 1000 EST Lee Hall (LU/GAA); Dichmann, Wright & Pugh -> Kingdom of Netherlands 4-17-47 1500 EST Hoboken (GAA/Purchase).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1945-1947

   Population

   NDRF James River custodial crews (1946-47); Dichmann, Wright & Pugh general-agent crews preparing the sale delivery (Mar-Apr 1947)

   Limitations

   Authoritative government custody record for this hull; card and ledger read directly. One handwritten annotation ('1946', near the purchaser row) is partially legible and not interpreted. The card's purchaser field 'Kingdom of Netherlands' records the government-level buyer while compiled sources name the operator KNSM - carried as a variance, not an error. 'Ship Length 388.84' on the detail page conflicts with every other source (338'6") - a field-entry error pattern also seen on sibling records. Contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-04

5. [5]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Glacier (AK-183) page (compiled reference incl. DANFS transcription, awards, CO list, specifications, merchant-service notes, photo captions; page last updated 2019-05-03) [other_primary]

   Locator

   navsource.net/archives/09/13/130183.htm - full page incl. specifications block, merchant-service paragraph, awards, CO table, photo captions (MV Hydra underway; Weser River November 1958, images credited Gerhard Mueller-Debus / Sawyer and Mitchell Collection)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource Online (Service Ship Photo Archive, AK-183 page) records: laid down 1944 as MC type C1-M-AV1 (MC hull 2114) 'at Port Houston Iron Works for Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Inc., Superior, WI'; launched 1944-04-22; completed and delivered to the Maritime Commission 1945-03-29 at Houston, TX; acquired by the Navy 1945-03-29; commissioned USS Glacier (AK-183) 1945-04-14, LT. Cecil L. Hitchcock USNR in command; Asiatic-Pacific Theater WWII; decommissioned 1946-02-19 at Norfolk, VA; returned to the Maritime Commission 1946-02-22 for layup NDRF James River Group; struck 1946-03-12; merchant service - sold to Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Mij., Amsterdam, 1947-04-17, reflagged Netherlands, renamed MV Hydra (Netherlands-Caribbean trade for 15 consecutive years, sometimes transiting the Panama Canal to Peruvian ports; photographed on the Weser River departing Bremen November 1958); sold to Saudi Arabia 1962, renamed MV Asma B.; sold for scrapping July 1970 at Hsinkang, China. Call sign NELQ. Ribbons: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal (no battle stars). Specs: 2,382 t (lt) / 7,450 t (fl); 338'6" x 50' x 21'1"; 11.5 kts; complement 15 officers + 70 enlisted; largest boom 30 t; cargo 3,945 DWT incl. 9,830 cu ft refrigerated / 227,730 cu ft non-refrigerated; armament 1x3"/50 DP + 6x20mm AA; fuel 6,300 bbls diesel; propulsion one Nordberg Diesel TSM6, two 250 kW 120/240 V DC diesel-drive generators, single propeller, 1,700 shp.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1944-1970

   Population

   KNSM merchant crews (Netherlands-Caribbean trade 1947-1962); Saudi Lines crews (1962-1970)

   Limitations

   NavSource is a privately compiled standard reference, not a government publication; its spec block presumably derives from standard compilations - not independently corroborated. Its 'laid down 1944' is less precise than shipscribe's keel date 1943-11-03 (adopted; variance disclosed), its 'at Port Houston Iron Works for Walter Butler Shipbuilders' phrasing compresses the two-stage Superior-launch/Houston-reassembly build documented by the ship's own history and the MARAD card, and its 'Hsinkang, China' scrapping attribution is conventionally the Kaohsiung-area (Taiwan) breaking center. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-05

6. [6]shipscribe.com, USS Alamosa (AK-156) Class page - construction/disposition tables, class notes, and ship note for AK-183 [other_primary]

   Locator

   shipscribe.com/usnaux/AK/AK156.html - Class Notes paragraphs (Design AV origin; Great Lakes delivery system; 1 Jul 44 CNO directive covering AK-156/158/160 only); Construction table row AK-183; Disposition table row 183; Ship Notes row for AK-183 (MC hull 2114)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   shipscribe.com Alamosa (AK-156) class page: construction table carries AK-183 GLACIER - acquired/commissioned basis 29 Mar 45, builder Walter Butler SB Superior, keel 3 Nov 43, launched 22 Apr 44, commissioned 14 Apr 45; disposition table carries decommissioned 19 Feb 46, struck 12 Mar 46, to MC 22 Feb 46 (MC/D), sold 17 Apr 47. Ship note for AK-183 (MC hull 2114) reads: 'Delivered to MC in Great Lakes 20 Oct 44 and arrived at New Orleans 12 Dec 44. Reassembled by Port Houston Iron Works at Houston, Texas and delivered to MC and Navy 29 Mar 45. Fitted out by Brown SB, Houston, and commissioned there. Merc. HYDRA (Dutch) 1947, scrapped 1970 as ASSMA B.' Class notes document: the C1-M-AV1 'Design AV' origin (1943 JCS/JMTC requirement for small steel inter-island cargo ships; diesel substituted for requested reciprocating steam; MC contracts for the first 100 hulls - 2101-2174, 2194-2207, 2239-2250 - approved 1943-09-02, so MC 2114 is a first-group hull); the Great Lakes delivery system (Lakes-built hulls taken by Navy ferry crews down the Chicago/Illinois/Mississippi waterway to New Orleans for completion - the AK-168 account describes removal of bridge deck, superstructure deck, masts, kingposts, rigging, and stack, with pontoons lifting the stern over 13-foot shallows); and the 1944-07-01 CNO-to-BuShips ammunition-tender conversion directive naming AK-156/158/160 ONLY (this hull not included; the AK-183 ship note records no conversion or materials scope at all).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1970

   Population

   Navy ferry crews on the inland-waterway tow (Oct-Dec 1944); Port Houston Iron Works reassembly crews; Brown Shipbuilding fit-out crews (early 1945)

   Limitations

   Ship-specific documentation of the Great Lakes delivery (MC delivery 20 Oct 44, New Orleans arrival 12 Dec 44), the Port Houston Iron Works reassembly, the Brown Shipbuilding fit-out/commissioning, and the absence of any conversion note for this hull. shipscribe is a compiled reference (Tim Colton, coltoncompany lineage), not a primary document; the underlying Navy/MC records are paraphrased, not quoted verbatim. No asbestos content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-06

7. [7]NavalCoverMuseum (navalcovermuseum.org) - GLACIER AK 183 page (designation history, postmark record, awards; page last edited 2024-02-05) [other_primary]

   Locator

   navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/GLACIER_AK_183 - Ship Name and Designation History, Other Information; no postmarks recorded

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavalCoverMuseum GLACIER AK 183 page records the designation chronology: USS GLACIER AK-183 commissioned 14 Apr 1945, decommissioned 19 Feb 1946, laid up 22 Feb 1946 in NDRF James River Group, struck from the Naval Register 12 Mar 1946, 'Withdrawn March 1 1947 leased to Dickman [sic], Wright & Pugh Inc.', 'Returned to Maritime Commission April 17 1947 for disposal'; merchant names HYDRA (sold 17 Apr 1947 to Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Mj., Dutch registry) and ASMA B. (sold to Saudi Arabia 1962, sold July 1970 for scrap); namesake 'Named for Glacier County, Montana'; awards (American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal). No postmarks held for this ship.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1945-1970

   Limitations

   Compiled collector reference - corroborates the full designation and custody chronology against the MARAD card (its 'Dickman' is a typo for Dichmann, Wright & Pugh, and its 'Returned to Maritime Commission April 17 1947 for disposal' compresses the GAA-agent-to-purchaser delivery the card itemizes). No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-07

8. [8]shipbuildinghistory.com - Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Superior WI yard page (compiled yard table and history); C1 cargo ships table row for MC 2114 [other_primary]

   Locator

   butlersuperior.htm - yard history line and row 'hull 32 | AK 183 | Glacier | WSA | C1-M-AV1 | 2114 | 3,805 | Oct-44'; shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2c1cargoships.htm row '2114 | Butler SB | Superior WI | 32 | Glacier | C1-M-AV1 | 5,032 | Oct-44'

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   Builder-yard context: Walter Butler Shipbuilders, Inc. took over Lake Superior Shipbuilding at the outset of the war; the yard stood at North 1st and Hammond Avenue, Superior, WI. The yard table carries this hull as yard no. 32, name Glacier, original owner WSA, type C1-M-AV1, MC no. 2114, LDT 3,805, delivered Oct-44 (the Great Lakes MC delivery - the Navy delivery at Houston followed 29 Mar 45), disposition 'Sold 1947, scrapped 1970'. The C1 cargo ships table carries the same row: '2114 | Butler SB | Superior WI | 32 | Glacier | C1-M-AV1 | 5,032 | Oct-44 | To USN as AK 183, sold private 1947, scrapped 1970.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   context_only

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   1943-1945

   Population

   Walter Butler Superior construction workforce (1943-44); Port Houston Iron Works and Brown Shipbuilding workforces (1944-45)

   Limitations

   Yard-level context for the builder of this hull; documents the facility (the wartime takeover of Lake Superior Shipbuilding at Superior, WI) and the hull's yard number, but contains no asbestos or materials information and establishes nothing about materials aboard this hull. The Atlas shipyards.json carries no slug for Walter Butler Superior, Port Houston Iron Works, Brown Shipbuilding, or Texas Coast Shipyards - related_shipyards is empty and the gap is logged.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-08

9. [9]Batch-859 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; MARAD ShipHistory 8277 + status card + transfer ledger; NavSource incl. the 18-page war-diary scan; shipscribe AK-156 class page; shipbuildinghistory (Walter Butler Superior, C1 cargo table); NavalCoverMuseum; NVR hull check; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) sweeps; web-wide litigation search; NARA catalog; Wikipedia/mirror checks [other_primary]

   Locator

   search_ledger rows sl-uss-glacier-ak183-01 through sl-uss-glacier-ak183-12

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Glacier / AK-183 / MC hull 2114 / Official No. 246535 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull left U.S. custody in April 1947 - sold foreign to the Kingdom of the Netherlands (operator KNSM), later Saudi-flag MV Asma B., and dismantled abroad in 1970 - decades before the Navy's late-1970s asbestos-control programs and before NESHAP demolition rules applied to U.S. scrapping, so no U.S.-regulated abatement record was ever expected to exist for this hull. The ship appears on bulk law-firm marketing lists of Navy hulls (freeasbestostesting.com, duboselawfirm.com, mesotheliomaasbestoshelpcenter.com); those lists enumerate every Navy ship and carry no ship-specific evidence - classified non-qualifying and not cited. Name-collision note for the litigation sweep: 'USS Glacier' covers three hulls - CVE-33 (1943, to the Royal Navy as HMS Atheling), this AK-183 (1945-46), and the AGB-4/WAGB-4 icebreaker (1955-1987) - and any generic 'USS Glacier' litigation hit most plausibly concerns the long-serving icebreaker rather than this hull.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   negative_finding

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-21

   Study period

   2026-09-21

   Limitations

   Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 Maritime Commission hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the four-site construction chain (Superior, the inland-waterway transit crews, Port Houston Iron Works, Brown Shipbuilding) plus wartime availabilities (Texas Coast Shipyards, Clay Street Pier Oakland, alongside USS Hector at Saipan) are plausible disturbance contexts with no materials record. This hull lacks even a documented materials event (the 1944 ammunition-tender conversion directive covered only AK-156/158/160; the AK-183 ship note records no conversion scope). Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. CourtListener direct sweep blocked by account quota (2800/day) - two spaced authenticated attempts returned 429; index-level fallback located no hull-naming opinion; residual litigation-discovery risk logged in sl-08 rather than resolved.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-glacier-ak183-09

10. [10]Cross-source reconciliation: DANFS (Wayback capture); war diary + Ship's History (NavSource-hosted scan); NavSource AK-183 page; MARAD Detail 8277 card and GLACIER.pdf ledger; shipscribe AK-156 class page; NavalCoverMuseum; HyperWar AK-183 ship page; shipbuildinghistory tables; Wikipedia USS Glacier (AK-183) (lead index only) [other_primary]

    Locator

    Per-item: shipscribe construction/disposition/ship-note rows vs NavSource chronology vs MARAD card face (2S0_01.png) and GLACIER.pdf ledger; war diary pp. 1-2 and Ship's History pp. 16-18; Wikipedia infobox 'Fate' and Netherlands 'Acquired' fields; HyperWar AK-183 stat table

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Source discrepancies logged, not merged: (a) Keel date - shipscribe construction table carries 3 Nov 1943; NavSource, NavalCoverMuseum, and Wikipedia carry only 'laid down 1944'; shipscribe's precise date adopted, variant disclosed. (b) Complement - DANFS 'cpl. 85' and NavSource 15 officers + 70 enlisted (85) are the compiled-stat convention; the ship's own 1945 Ship's History states 8 officers + 61 men (69), matching shipscribe's class table (69, 1944); HyperWar carries 79; the MC Design AV intent was 8 officers + 67 men (75) - ship's document favored, all variants disclosed. (c) Sale year - MARAD card/ledger, NavSource, and NavalCoverMuseum carry purchaser delivery 17 Apr 1947; Wikipedia's infobox carries 'Sold, 17 April 1948' (and Netherlands 'Acquired 17 April 1948') unsupported by its own cited sources - 1947 adopted. (d) Commissioning hour - war diary 1530 vs Ship's History 1630, same document set, disclosed. (e) Decommissioning destination - the ship's history records 12 Dec 1945 orders to return to New Orleans for decommissioning and a 13 Dec departure for the Panama Canal; DANFS records the ship mooring at Norfolk 1 Feb 1946 and decommissioning there - whether orders were modified en route is unresolved. (f) Purchaser field - the MARAD card reads 'Kingdom of Netherlands' while NavSource/NCM/Wikipedia name the operator Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Mij., Amsterdam - government purchase then operator allocation is plausible; flagged, not reconciled. (g) Detail-page length - MARAD 'Ship Length 388.84 feet' vs 338'6" (DANFS/NavSource) / 339' (MARAD displacement block, HyperWar) - field-entry error pattern seen on sibling records; 338'6" adopted. (h) Spec variances - displacement dp. 7,450 (DANFS stat line, full) vs 2,382 lt (NavSource/MARAD light) vs 7,435 (HyperWar full); speed 11.5 k (DANFS/NavSource/shipscribe) vs 12 k (HyperWar); power 1,700 shp (NavSource/HyperWar) vs 1,750 HP (shipscribe class table). (i) Merchant-name spellings - 'Hydra' (NavSource/NCM/shipscribe) vs 'Ydra' (Wikipedia narrative, likely OCR); 'Asma B.' vs shipscribe 'ASSMA B.'. (j) Scrapping location - 'Hsinkang, China' (NavSource/Wikipedia) vs the conventionally identified Kaohsiung-area, Taiwan breaking center - attribution flagged. (k) Builder phrasing - NavSource 'at Port Houston Iron Works for Walter Butler Shipbuilders' compresses the two-stage build; MARAD card carries both ('Port Houston Iron Wks At Houston, Texas' typed; 'W. Butler, Superior - #32' handwritten).

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    correction

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-21

    Study period

    1943-1970 (dates reconciled 2026-09-21)

    Limitations

    Resolves nothing by fiat - records which source says what so downstream consumers inherit the conflicts honestly. Where a primary record and a compiled reference disagree, the primary record (MARAD card, war diary, DANFS) is adopted and the variant disclosed. No asbestos content in any reconciled source.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-glacier-ak183-10

11. [11]NARA record-group guidance: RG 24 deck logs (post-1941 at Archives II, College Park); RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) Construction Division records; RG 181 shore-establishment records; RG 38 war diaries; Dutch/Saudi merchant registries [other_primary]

    Locator

    archives.gov/research/military/logbooks (post-1941 Navy deck logs at College Park); archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/178.html and /181.html; catalog.archives.gov returned only its JS application shell to automated query on 2026-09-21 - no digitized AK-183 log confirmed

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction orders; no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 WWII deck logs for AK-183 (1945-04 to 1946-02) at Archives II, College Park - the war diary ends at the 13 Dec 1945 Saipan departure, so the homeward passage, Panama transit, and the Norfolk-vs-New-Orleans decommissioning-destination discrepancy resolve there; (b) NARA RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) Construction Division records may hold the MC hull 2114 contract and C1-M-AV1 outfitting specifications for Walter Butler yard hull 32 - the likeliest surviving source for a materials list across the two-stage build; (c) RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments) records cover the Industrial Manager Eighth Naval District availability at Brown Shipbuilding (Apr 1945) and the Texas Coast Shipyards post-shakedown availability (May 1945); (d) the war-diary original (RG 38 family) and any appended engineering reports - the NavSource scan is the convenience copy; (e) foreign-registry records - Dutch registry for MV Hydra (KNSM, 1947-1962) and Saudi/registry records for MV Asma B. (1962-1970), plus the July 1970 Hsinkang scrapping sale - the disposition authorities for the merchant era.

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-21

    Study period

    1944-1970 records

    Limitations

    Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-glacier-ak183-11