Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]Naval Vessel Register (NAVSEA/NAVSHIPSO), ship detail page GLENARD P LIPSCOMB (SSN 685), UIC 20347 - vessel status, milestone dates, propulsion type, custodian (live NVR detail pages redirect to DoD login; 2024-08-22 Wayback capture used) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR SHIPSDETAIL_SSN_685 vessel-status and milestone tables
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull per NVR: SUBMARINE (NUCLEAR-POWERED); builder General Dynamics Electric Boat; awarded 1968-12-16; keel 1971-06-05; launched 1973-08-04; delivered 1974-12-07; commissioned 1974-12-21; decommissioned 1990-07-11; stricken 1990-07-11; status 'Disposed of by submarine recycling' effective 1997-12-01; custodian PUGET SOUND NAVAL SHIPYARD, BREMERTON, WA; propulsion type 'Steam Turbine Electric (Nuclear)'; one propeller; 16.0 years commission to decommission.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1968-1997
- Population
- EB construction trades (1971-74); crew (1974-1990); PSNSY inactivation/recycling workforce (1990-1997)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific registry record; contains no asbestos or material-content statement. NVR physical-characteristic fields (length, displacement, accommodations) are blank for this hull. Live NVR detail URLs redirect to a DoD login; the 2024-08-22 Wayback capture was used (record last updated 2019-12-05).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-01
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[2]U.S. Naval Nuclear Powered Ship Inactivation, Disposal, and Recycling, 2019 Edition, United States Department of the Navy ('Green Book'), Appendix D: Completed Reactor Compartment Disposal and Ship Recycling Projects [other_primary]
- Locator
- Green Book 2019, Appendix D table, row 15 (p. D-1)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Appendix D names this hull directly: row 15, 'SSN 685 - Ex-Glenard P. Lipscomb' - reactor compartment shipment No. 15; YEAR RC DISPOSAL WAS COMPLETED 1991; YEAR SHIP RECYCLE WAS COMPLETED 1997. The program is executed at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard with sealed reactor compartments shipped to the DOE Hanford Site for burial.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1990-1997 (disposal events); 2019 (publication)
- Population
- PSNSY reactor-compartment and recycling workforce (1990-1997)
- Limitations
- Official per-hull disposal record; consistent with NVR's 1997-12-01 status change. Documents disposal events only - it does not itemize the hazardous materials removed from this hull, and does not establish or defeat any individual exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-02
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[3]U.S. Naval Nuclear Powered Ship Inactivation, Disposal, and Recycling, 2019 Edition, United States Department of the Navy ('Green Book'), reactor-compartment packaging section [other_primary]
- Locator
- Green Book 2019, reactor-compartment section (asbestos sentence, ~p. B-4) read with Appendix D row 15
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Official Navy statement: 'Reactor compartments constructed before the mid-1970s also contain asbestos in insulation on pipes and other components. This asbestos is fully contained within the reactor compartments, which complies with the Federal Clean Air Act.' SSN-685's reactor compartment - built during her NVR-verified 1971-74 construction and disposed of in 1991 per this document's own Appendix D - falls inside the documented category.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1971-1974 (construction); 1991 (RC disposal); 2019 (publication)
- Population
- EB reactor-plant construction trades (1971-74); PSNSY reactor-compartment removal workforce (1990-91)
- Limitations
- Category-level statement applied to this hull via verified construction dates; the document names the hull in its disposal table but does not make a per-hull asbestos declaration. Strongest available non-survey documentation. Says nothing about asbestos elsewhere in the hull (piping, machinery, structure) - the hull itself was recycled, not disposed intact. No quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-03
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[4]U.S. Naval Nuclear Powered Ship Inactivation, Disposal, and Recycling, 2019 Edition, United States Department of the Navy ('Green Book'), Appendix C shipboard dismantlement and processing-facility sections [other_primary]
- Locator
- Green Book 2019, Appendix C (shipboard dismantlement; 'Asbestos Insulation Being Removed from Piping'; processing facility operations)
- Finding type
- abatement_record
- Finding
- The program this hull went through (ship recycling completed 1997 per Appendix D) is documented: asbestos, PCBs, and metallic lead are 'the exceptions' present in significant quantities among hazardous materials in older ships; recycling begins with shipboard sampling to identify and tag insulating materials 'on piping systems and on ship's structure' that may contain asbestos or PCBs; asbestos insulation 'is removed by personnel specially trained in asbestos work under stringent work controls' using containments, HEPA-filtered vacuums, and wetting agents, then packaged in labeled waste bags and shipped to an approved landfill; processing-facility removal occurs in isolated areas with controlled, filtered ventilation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1991-1997
- Population
- PSNSY recycling workforce (1991-1997)
- Limitations
- Program-standard process description applied to this hull's documented 1997 recycling; not a per-hull manifest, survey, or exposure measurement. Quantities and crew-level exposure for SSN-685 undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-04
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[5]Era inference built on: shipyard-exposure-map documented product list for electric-boat-groton (thermal pipe insulation in submarine construction; asbestos lagging on steam/propulsion systems; asbestos-containing gaskets and packing; insulation materials used through the 1970s); NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation HETA 78-135-1333, Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics, Groton (Aug 1983); OSHA Inspection 10520237 (1978) listing citations under 29 CFR 1910.1001 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json electric-boat-groton evidence rows; NIOSH HETA 78-135-1333 full text (CDC stacks); OSHA inspection 10520237 detail page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- SSN-685 was built 1971-74 at Electric Boat Groton - a yard where asbestos thermal pipe insulation, lagging, gaskets, and packing are documented in submarine construction through the 1970s; NIOSH recorded historical reports of asbestos overexposure among experienced EB workers (surveys 1979-81) and OSHA's 1978 inspection produced citations under the asbestos standard - the same years this hull was under construction and in post-delivery work at the yard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1971-1974 (construction); 1978-1983 (yard documentation)
- Population
- EB Groton construction and insulation trades (1971-1974; survey era 1978-1983)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not hull-specific: establishes what the builder's yard used and was cited for, not what was installed aboard SSN-685. NIOSH's primary findings were metal fume/solvent overexposures; the asbestos content is historical-report level. No quantity; does not establish individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-05
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[6]Shipyard-exposure-map documented record for puget-sound-naval-shipyard: DTIC AD0715808 (Mangold/Beckett/Bessmer 1970 insulator study - pulmonary abnormalities in 21% of pipe coverers/insulators; 40-150 f/cc during rip-out); peer-reviewed exposure review PMID 1065583 (amosite/chrysotile, magnesia block ~15% asbestos, asbestos cements and cloth; pre-1972 TLV routinely exceeded); EPA Superfund listing WA2170023418 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json puget-sound-naval-shipyard evidence rows ev-01 through ev-05; DTIC AD0715808; PMID 1065583; EPA site WA2170023418
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The yard that performed this hull's 1991 reactor-compartment removal and 1997 recycling is among the most thoroughly documented asbestos-exposure naval shipyards: insulator cohort findings, fiber measurements during rip-out, and a federal Superfund listing covering asbestos among site contaminants.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1962-1997
- Population
- PSNSY insulators, pipe coverers, and dismantlement trades (study era 1962-1972; recycling era through 1997)
- Limitations
- Yard-level worker-exposure documentation spanning the overhaul and recycling eras; not a record of this hull's materials or of exposure during her specific 1991-97 evolutions. Supports context for the recycling workforce population only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-06
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[7]U.S. House of Representatives, History, Art & Archives: 'LIPSCOMB, Glenard Paul' biographical entry (L000344) [other_primary]
- Locator
- history.house.gov concise biography, member detail L000344
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Namesake documented: Glenard Paul Lipscomb, U.S. Representative from California (Republican), seated by special election 1953-11-10 and reelected to seven succeeding Congresses, serving until his death 1970-02-01 - the congressman for whom SSN-685 was named.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1953-1970
- Limitations
- Biographical record only - no asbestos or material content. The naming link itself rests on consistent secondary sources (NavSource, reference works); the official House record verifies the person, not the naming act.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-07
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[8]Batch-102 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS probes; NVR via Wayback; Navy Green Book full text; history.house.gov; GAO product pages; litigation web sweep; CourtListener API and HTML attempts [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no insulation survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying asbestos case naming USS Glenard P. Lipscomb (SSN-685) was found. No DANFS entry exists for this hull (NavSource DANFS-index notation). Litigation sweep incomplete - CourtListener API returned HTTP 429 (125/day cap, ~9.4h reset) and HTML endpoints returned empty 202 responses; a web-indexed litigation sweep surfaced no qualifying case. Near-misses reviewed and excluded: Gilstrap v. CBS Corp. (D. Del. No. 19-309-MN-SRF - Electric Boat-yard asbestos R&R naming USS Omaha and USS Indianapolis) and Garlock Sealing Technologies v. Little (Va. 2005 - Newport News gasket case naming USS Shark). Neither names this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard; the hull no longer exists (recycled 1997), so no present-day survey is possible. The CourtListener throttle leaves the litigation sweep incomplete - a re-run of 'Glenard P. Lipscomb'/'SSN-685' opinion and RECAP docket queries is the open lead. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-08
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[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979); and GAO, Nuclear Submarines: Navy Efforts to Reduce Inactivation Costs, NSIAD-92-134 (1992) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product pages HRD-80-2 and NSIAD-92-134 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Program-level context only: HRD-80-2 documents that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - SSN-685's 1971-74 construction sits at the transition, so era overlap is partial. NSIAD-92-134 documents the inactivation/reactor-compartment-removal and submarine-recycling program architecture this hull entered in 1990-91 (NAVSEA-managed, PSNSY sole reactor-compartment/recycling yard due to Hanford proximity).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1979; 1992
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; submarine inactivation program
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era and process context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full texts not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page and search-index descriptions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-glenard-p-lipscomb-ssn685-09