Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]DANFS entry, USS Grayling (SSN-646) (verbatim transcription; live NHHC 404) + navysite.de service history (secondary compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS transcription + navysite.de/ssn/ssn646.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (DANFS pre-commissioning entry + navysite service history): contract awarded 5 September 1962; keel laid 12 May 1964 at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery ME; launched 22 June 1967, sponsored by Lori Brinker, daughter of the last commanding officer of the first Grayling (SS-209); commissioned 11 October 1969, Cmdr. Charles Raoul Baron in command. Homeported Charleston SC; collided with Russian Delta-IV SSBN K-407 Novomoskovsk in the Barents Sea 20 March 1993 (both submarines returned under their own power, slight damage). Deactivated 1 March 1997; in reserve, in commission, 8 March 1997; decommissioned and stricken 18 July 1997; recycled through SRP at Puget Sound, completed 31 March 1998. Her sail is preserved as a memorial at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery; anchor and chain displayed at American Legion Post 106, Grayling, Michigan.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1964-1998
- Limitations
- DANFS entry is a pre-commissioning construction stub; post-commissioning service detail and disposal dates rest on navysite.de, a secondary compilation - cross-checked against NVR where possible. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-01
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[2]Naval Vessel Register, SHIPSDETAIL SSN-646 (2019-03-24 Wayback capture) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR SHIPSDETAIL_SSN_646 milestone table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NVR milestone data for ex-Grayling: builder Portsmouth Naval Shipyard; keel 05/12/1964; launch 06/22/1967; commission 10/11/1969; decommission and stricken 07/18/1997; status changed 03/31/1998 - disposed of by submarine recycling.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1964-1998
- Limitations
- NVR capture is a 2019 Wayback snapshot; consistent with navysite disposal dates. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-02
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[3]Cooks v. General Electric Company, No. 3:07-cv-05451-EMC (N.D. Cal.), complaint Exhibit A work-history, ECF No. 1-2 (filed 2007-10-25) [court_record]
- Locator
- ECF No. 1-2, Exhibit A vessel list ('GRAYLING (SSN-646)')
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Asbestos complaint exhibit (plaintiff Alvin Cooks's work-history/exposure exhibit) lists vessels and locations of alleged asbestos exposure, expressly including 'GRAYLING (SSN-646)' among dozens of hulls. Cooks worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard as a marine machinist from April 1974 (helper through general foreman); the exhibit's job-duty recitals describe gasket and valve-packing removal and replacement, lagging-residue removal, and pipe cut-outs aboard listed vessels including work in reactor compartments.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1974-1995 (alleged exposure window); 2007 (filing)
- Population
- Alvin Cooks (Mare Island NSY marine machinist, 1974-1995)
- Limitations
- Pleading-stage allegation (complaint exhibit), unadjudicated; a vessel-list entry is not an individualized exposure finding and does not establish that asbestos products were aboard this hull, that any exposure occurred, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-03
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[4]Era inference built on: DANFS/navysite spec blocks (S5W-class nuclear plant, steam turbines, single shaft); shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product lists for portsmouth-naval-shipyard, puget-sound-naval-shipyard (thermal insulation, submarine steam/propulsion lagging, gaskets, packing, block insulation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS/navysite spec blocks; shipyards.json product lists for portsmouth-naval-shipyard, puget-sound-naval-shipyard
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A Sturgeon-class nuclear attack submarine built 1964-1969 at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery ME and maintained through Navy-yard availabilities across the 1970s-90s sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era; era-standard applications on the secondary steam plant and auxiliary systems included thermal/pipe insulation, gaskets, packing, and machinery insulation. The building and maintenance yards' asbestos product use in this period is independently documented at the yard level.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1964-1969
- Population
- Submarine construction trades; Navy-yard overhaul trades; crew
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey or material list located. Names era-standard applications on non-nuclear secondary/auxiliary systems, not confirmed installed materials; the reactor plant establishes nothing. No quantity; material disposition at recycling undocumented per-hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-04
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[5]Kase v. Metalclad Insulation Corp., Cal. Ct. App. (4th Dist.) 2021 (CourtListener opinions 4324658, 4332654) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion, specification-history discussion (SUBSAFE/MIL-I-24244)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- A docketed asbestos personal-injury opinion recounts that after USS Thresher's 1963 loss the Navy created the SUBSAFE program, which issued procurement specification MIL-I-24244 covering asbestos-containing insulation for submarines - court-documented evidence that asbestos-containing insulation was specified in the submarine-construction regime in force when this hull was built (laid down May 1964, inside the post-SUBSAFE era).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2021 (opinion); regime described 1963-forward
- Population
- Navy submarine construction/maintenance trades, SUBSAFE era
- Limitations
- Documents the era procurement-spec regime, not this hull's installed materials; the case concerns a different claimant aboard different vessels. Does not establish exposure, causation, quantity, or eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-05
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[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - covering this hull's construction (1964-1969) and most service-era insulation events.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-06
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[7]Batch-38 search ledger (this record): DANFS/NVR/navysite sweeps; CourtListener Atom-feed exact-name and hull-number searches (opinions + RECAP); verified exhibit-PDF greps (Cooks, Halseth, Cronin, Davis); GAO HRD-80-2; ACM-survey sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- See this record's search_ledger rows for repositories, queries, and per-search outcomes
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos survey, abatement contract, insulation material list, or SRP/recycling hazmat disclosure naming USS Grayling was located in any searched repository. CourtListener opinion search returned no adjudicated asbestos finding touching this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Negative finding is a search result, not proof of absence: Navy hull-level industrial-hygiene records were not systematically published, SRP-era recycling documentation is not indexed by hull in public dockets, and CourtListener coverage excludes most state-court filings. Unverified feed-matched documents are logged as archival leads, not as evidence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-grayling-ssn646-07