Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet f-packet.md (4 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Griggs; hull: APA-110; designation: attack transport; class/type: Windsor-class, C3-S-A3 — https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/g/griggs.html
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-griggs-apa110-pkt-f-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - transports, attack (APA) section, per-hull rows for GRIGGS APA-110 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APA tables pp. 246-250 (dimensions row 112, personnel row 112, machinery row 112, armament/cargo row 112, construction row 112); index 'Griggs (ex-M.C. Hull 871) - APA 110' p. 246 reference
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries a per-hull row for GRIGGS APA-110 (ex-M.C. Hull 871): 492'0" overall / 465'0" wl; beam 69'6"; 18.4 knots; 11,760 tons; limiting displacement 16,100 tons, limiting draft 26'6"; machinery 1 propeller, G.E. geared turbine, 8,500 shp, 2 Foster Wheeler 'D' boilers at 465 psi / 765 deg F; troop accommodations/complement 41 officers + 437 enlisted, troop capacity 91 officers + 1,470 enlisted; armament 2 x 5"/38 cal. (D.P.) + 4 twin 40mm A.A.; cargo 180,500 cu ft non-refrigerated; builder Ingalls S.B. Co., Pascagoula, Miss.; delivered 13 Dec 1944; commissioned 14 Dec 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned table is columnar and partially degraded; values cross-verified against DANFS and the MARAD status card. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-01
-
[3]DANFS, 'Griggs (APA-110)' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (live NHHC URL returns 404 as of 2026-09-25 - verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20251209184050; hazegray transcription cross-checked) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry body text + spec block (Wayback capture 20251209184050; mirror https://losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/amphib/apa110.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC records: Griggs (APA-110), a C-3 type transport, built by Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, Miss.; acquired by the Navy on a loan-charter basis 13 Dec 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Betty Bennett Banker; commissioned 14 Dec 1944, Capt. Arthur C. Wood in command. Shakedown Galveston, Tex.; trained precommissioning crews out of Newport, R.I.; Norfolk 31 Mar 1945; embarked 40 officers and 1,416 men of the 41st Marine Depot Company and the 55th Marine Replacement Draft; cleared Norfolk 26 May via Canal Zone, discharged passengers San Francisco 1 Jun 1945; departed Port Hueneme 17 Jun with 1,032 Seabees, touching Eniwetok and Ulithi, discharged at Okinawa and Manila Bay; delivered occupation troops to Japan from Lingayen Gulf and Mindanao; Magic Carpet duty - departed Saipan 2 Nov 1945, San Diego 13 days later; two more Magic Carpet voyages, last return San Francisco 21 Feb 1946; departed San Pedro 12 Mar 1946 via Canal Zone, Norfolk 28 Mar; decommissioned Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va., 27 May 1946; delivered to WSA 28 May 1946; stricken from Navy List 19 Jun 1946; sold to Moore-McCormack Lines 21 Apr 1948, became Mormacrey. Spec block: dp. 11,760; l. 492'; b. 69'6"; dr. 26'6"; s. 18 k.; cpl. 478; a. 2 5", 8 40mm.; cl. Windsor; T. C3-S-A3.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for service history, custody chain, and disposal. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text. The 'T. C3-S-A3' type designation conflicts with the MARAD status card and ShipHistory registry (C3-S-A2) - discrepancy logged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Griggs (APA-110), file 10/03/03110 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 03110.htm - timeline entries, commanding-officer table, campaign ribbons block, call sign
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: Windsor-class attack transport; laid down and launched 'date unknown' as MC type C3-S-A3 hull under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 871) at Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, Miss.; acquired 13 Dec 1944; commissioned 14 Dec 1944, CAPT. Arthur C. Wood USN (USNA 1924) in command; WWII assignment Asiatic-Pacific Theater, TransRon Seventeen (COMO T.B. Brittan USN) / TransDiv Fifty (CAPT. R.W. Abbot USN); decommissioned 27 May 1946 at Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va.; returned to WSA 28 May 1946 at NDRF James River, Lee Hall, Va.; struck from the Naval Register 19 Jun 1946; custody transferred 7 May 1947 to Moore-McCormack Lines for towing from Lee Hall to Kearny, N.J.; delivered 13 May 1947 to Federal Shipbuilding and Drydocking Co., Kearny, N.J., for reconversion for merchant service; sold 21 Apr 1948 to Moore-McCormack Lines, renamed SS Mormacrey; sold to Grace Lines Aug 1966; renamed SS Santa Alicia 30 Nov 1966; sold for scrapping 2 Apr 1973 to Chang Iron and Steel Works, Ltd., Taiwan. International Radio Call Sign NZVE.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1973
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC and the MARAD status card on every shared datapoint. Its 'C3-S-A3' designation repeats the DANFS spec block; MARAD registry and status card say C3-S-A2 (discrepancy in gaps). Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GRIGGS (APA-110), Ship History Detail 2022, incl. scanned vessel status cards (images 2022_3762AF.jpg, 2022_3762AB.jpg, 2U9_01.png, 2U9_02.png) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 2022 registry block + status-card scans: https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/cards/2U9_01.png (front), /cards/2U9_02.png (back), /cards/2022_3762AF.jpg, /cards/2022_3762AB.jpg
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory registry record for this hull: Year Built 1944; Official Number 252747; Shipyard 'Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation'; General Type Naval Auxiliary; Specific Type 'APA Attack Transport'; MARAD Type C3-S-A2; length 492.08 ft; beam 69.50 ft; displacement lightweight 7,970 tons; fate 'Sold - Scrap'. The scanned vessel status card records the full custody chain: 'Basis to U.S.M.C. 12-13-44 @ Pascagoula, Miss. from Builders (WSA Custody)'; allocation to Navy Department (LB/BB) at Pascagoula 12-13-44; Reserve Fleet entry Lee Hall, Va. 5-28-46 1:30 pm EDT (fleet/unit JR NS-12); Moore-McCormack Lines 'for handling' (GAA) at Lee Hall 5-7-47 1 pm EST; delivered to Federal Shipyard, Kearny, N.J. (RECONV.) 5-13-47 5 pm EDT - with handwritten note 'Contract for reconversion awarded Federal S/B + D/D'; 'Title passed to M&McC Lines 4-21-48 12:15 PM' at Kearny and 'Named changed to MORMACREY'; 'Sold to Grace Line Inc. 8-66'; 'Renamed SANTA ALICIA 11-30-66' (a struck-through earlier annotation reads 'SANTA ANITA 8-66'); owner renamed 'Prudential-Grace Lines, Inc.' 12-18-69; sold to 'E. Chang Iron Steel Works Co., Ltd. for scrapping in Taiwan' 4-2-73.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1973
- Limitations
- Authoritative MARAD registry plus handwritten status-card scans read visually (entries legible; the reserve-fleet card 'damage in fleet' and repair-estimate cells are blank). Documents custody events including the 1947 Federal Shipbuilding Kearny reconversion - a documented yard-period event - but contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-04
-
[6]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + MARAD-documented disturbance events (1947 Federal S/B Kearny reconversion; 1946-47 NDRF lay-up; 1973 Taiwan breaking) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery table, APA section (GRIGGS row 112); MARAD status card custody entries
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a single-screw geared-steam plant (one G.E. turbine, two Foster Wheeler 'D' boilers at 465 psi / 765 deg F superheat) built at the peak of WWII asbestos usage at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Troop-space outfitting (capacity ~1,561) added interior insulation scope. Post-Navy custody events documented ship-specifically - the 1946-47 NDRF James River lay-up, the May 1947 reconversion at Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock (Kearny), 25 years of merchant service, and the April 1973 breaking at a Taiwan yard - are the disturbance-phase pathways for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1973
- Population
- Construction trades at Ingalls, Pascagoula (1944); wartime crew and embarked troops; NDRF caretakers (1946-47); Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock reconversion workforce (1947); merchant crews (1948-1973); Taiwan breaking-yard workers (1973)
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, material schedule, or abatement record naming APA-110 / MC hull 871 / Mormacrey / Santa Alicia was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and Maritime Commission construction program under which this C3-type attack transport was built - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-06
-
[8]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of pipe-covering operations in naval-vessel construction (1944-45 fieldwork) found amosite asbestos 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels' and documented worker exposure during pipe-covering fabrication and installation at shipyards of the era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Ingalls Pascagoula was among the surveyed contract yards is unverified) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-07
-
[9]Nelson v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc., 201 F. Supp. 40 (S.D.N.Y. 1961) (CourtListener opinion 8751772) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion, 201 F. Supp. 40 (S.D.N.Y., filed 1961-06-14, Murphy, J.)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Other litigation (NOT asbestos): a seaman (radio officer) who signed aboard S.S. Mormacrey - this hull's merchant identity under Moore-McCormack Lines - sued the line over a 1955 voyage contract dispute; the opinion names the vessel directly ('libelant signed on the S.S. Mormacrey, respondent's vessel'). Confirms the hull's documented merchant identity; contains no asbestos, exposure, or injury-by-materials content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1955 voyage; opinion 1961
- Limitations
- Classified 'other litigation' per batch litigation-stage discipline - a contract/earnings dispute naming the vessel by merchant name, not an asbestos or exposure case; provides no exposure evidence and is carried only to document that the hull appears in the court record under its merchant name.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-08
-
[10]Batch-2179 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback + hazegray mirror; BuShips SDB 1945 v3; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 2022 + status-card scans; NavSource 03110; shipbuildinghistory Ingalls yard ledger; CourtListener API v4 name/hull/merchant-name sweeps; NVR; VA BVA indexed check; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-griggs-apa110-01 through sl-uss-griggs-apa110-16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Griggs / APA-110 / MC hull 871 / Mormacrey / Santa Alicia was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener exact-name sweeps returned zero opinion and zero docket hits for 'USS Griggs'; 'APA-110' opinion hits are all name collisions (Administrative Procedure Act contexts); the 'Griggs'+asbestos sweep returns only person-name collisions; 'Santa Alicia'+asbestos returned zero; the combined merchant-name docket sweep returned 28 hits, all collisions; the 'Mormacrey' hits are non-asbestos litigation (see ev-08).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 superheated-steam merchant-type hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and the documented 1947 reconversion, reserve-fleet lay-up, merchant career, and 1973 breaking are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. RECAP-indexed text only - filings that name the hull without 'USS' or the hull number, and unscanned attachments, are under-covered.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-09
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; deck-log series note https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Griggs 1944-1946 (RG 24, 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978' / earlier RG 24 entry 118, NARA College Park - digitization for this hull not confirmed); BuShips records incl. C3-S-A2 design files and the Booklet of General Plans (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for MC hull 871 at Ingalls Pascagoula (RG 178); MARAD/USMC custody files covering the 1947 Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock reconversion contract awarded under the merchant-conversion program (RG 357 / WSA files) - the reconversion work package is the most promising yard-period materials lead for this hull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1973 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-griggs-apa110-10