USS Grumium (AK-112)

Evidence

12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).

1. [1]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - aviation supply ships (AVS) section, per-hull rows for GRUMIUM AVS-3 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]

   Locator

   SDB1945v3 AVS tables, printed pp. 442-444 (dimensions/displacement, personnel, machinery, armament, construction rows); vessel-name index 'GRUMIUM (ex-William G. McAdoo, ex-AK112, ex-IX174, ex-M.C.E. Hull 443) - AVS3'

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945) carries per-hull rows for GRUMIUM in the Aviation Supply Ships (AVS) tables (printed pp. 442-444), listed as 'AVS3 GRUMIUM (ex-William G. McAdoo, ex-AK112, ex-IX174, ex-M.C.E. Hull 443)': dimensions 441'6" overall / 416'0" wl, beam 56'11", approx. 11.0 knots; machinery 'Gen'l Mach. vert 3-exp. 2,500' with '2 B & W hdr.' boilers at 220 psi / 450 deg F; main armament '1 5"/38 cal. (D.P.), 1 3"/50 cal. (D.P.)'; construction table shows commission date 20 Oct 43. The hull also appears in the volume's AK index ('AK112 GRUMIUM (now AVS3)') and IX index ('IX174 GRUMIUM (now AVS 3)').

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1945

   Limitations

   Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity chain (McAdoo -> AK-112 -> IX-174 -> AVS-3), machinery plant, armament, and commissioning. The PDF text layer is columnar OCR and partially garbled (e.g., 'et-AVS3 AK112,61-1X17401'); values cross-verified against DANFS, NavSource, and MARAD. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-01

2. [2]DANFS, 'Grumium' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (live NHHC URL /research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/g/grumium.html returned 404 on 2026-09-20; verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20251209190528; identical transcription independently mirrored at hazegray/losthistory danfs/auxil/ak112.htm, transcribed by Yves Hubert) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   DANFS entry body text + spec block (Wayback capture 20251209190528; mirror https://losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/auxil/ak112.htm)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS entry for Grumium: 'A star.' Spec block: (AK-112: dp. 4,023; l. 441'6"; b. 56'1"; dr. 28'4"; s. 11 k.; cpl. 198; a. 1 5", 1 3"; cl. Crater; T. EC2-S-C1). Launched under Maritime Commission contract as William G. McAdoo by Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, Calif., 20 December 1942; sponsored by Mrs. T. Y. Sturtevant; acquired by the Navy from the Maritime Commission 5 October 1943; converted by Todd Shipyard, Seattle, Wash.; commissioned 20 October 1943 with 'Lt. Comdr. B. J. Parylak in command.' Loaded supplies at San Francisco, departed San Pedro 19 November 1943 for Pago Pago; delivered drum gas at Pago Pago and Funafuti 8-11 December, oil and aviation fuel at Kwajalein 6 March and Eniwetok 15 March 1944; Kwajalein again 26-28 April; returned to San Francisco via Pearl Harbor arriving 27 May 1944. At San Francisco transferred to direct control of Commander Naval Air Forces Pacific and converted to an aviation support ship; redesignated IX-174 20 June 1944; underway for Pearl Harbor 22 June, arrived 30 June; to Roi Island 10 July, arriving 19 July to supply aircraft groups until early September; sailed from Pearl Harbor 28 September via Ulithi and Eniwetok to Manus, arriving 17 November to supply carrier forces for the Philippine campaign strikes; Manus to 5 December, then Ulithi (arrived 9 December) supporting raids on the Philippines, Okinawa, and Formosa. January 1945 supply runs Manus-Ulithi and to Roi; supply base moved to Guam 16 March 1945; rendezvoused with the Okinawa-bound convoy at Saipan 23 March; arrived Kerama Retto 2 April and serviced escort carrier groups. 'Grumium came under savage air attack at Kerama Retto 6-7 April; of the many planes destroyed she helped shoot down one. She also rescued survivors from a suicide crash on Pinkney (APH-2) 28 April and a bomb hit on Terror (CM-5) 30 April.' Became AVS-3 at Kerama Retto 25 May 1945; departed Okinawa area 6 June; Guam 14 June; Eniwetok 1 July through war's end; departed 12 October via Pearl Harbor and the Panama Canal to Norfolk, arriving 25 November; decommissioned 20 December 1945; redelivered to the Maritime Commission 27 December 1945; joined the NDRF, James River, Va. - 'where she remains' (entry text predates the 1970 disposal). One battle star for World War II service.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1942-1945

   Population

   Ship's company (complement 198 per spec block)

   Limitations

   Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for identity, service chronology, combat record at Kerama Retto, and custody handoffs. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Its commissioning-CO line ('Lt. Comdr. B. J. Parylak in command') conflicts with the NavSource CO table (Dutton first, Parylak from 15 May 1944) - flagged in the correction row and gaps, not resolved. Closing line 'where she remains' is stale (hull sold for scrap 1970 per MARAD). Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-02

3. [3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Grumium (AVS-3), file 09/50/5003 (volunteer-compiled index citing BuShips/DANFS figures; CO table courtesy Wolfgang Hechler and Ron Reeves) [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource 09/50/5003 page - timeline, specifications block, campaign table, awards block, commanding-officer table, disposal entries, photo index

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource service-ship archive page for USS Grumium (AVS-3) ex-(IX-174) ex-(AK-112): laid down 12 November 1942 as SS William G. McAdoo, MC type EC2-S-C1 under Maritime Commission contract MCE 443, Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, CA; launched 20 December 1942; delivered to the War Shipping Administration 30 December 1942 under GAA for operation by American President Lines; acquired by the Navy 5 October 1943; converted at Todd Shipyard, Seattle; commissioned 20 October 1943 with LCDR Francis W. Dutton, USNR, in command; converted to a Grumium-class aviation supply issue ship at San Francisco, CA; reclassified IX-174 20 June 1944; Asiatic-Pacific campaign - Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation 2 April to 6 June 1945; redesignated AVS-3 25 May 1945; decommissioned 20 December 1945 at Norfolk; struck 8 January 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 27 December 1945 for lay-up NDRF James River, Lee Hall, VA; sold for scrapping 17 April 1970 to N.V. Intershita c/o Seabrokers Inc., removed and resold 18 May 1970 to Salvamento y Demolicion Naval S.A., Barcelona, Spain, scrapping completed 27 October 1970. Spec block: 4,023 t light / 14,550 t full; 441'6" x 56'11" x 28'4"; 11 kts trial; complement 16 officers + 190 enlisted; boom capacity 50 t; cargo 4,470 DWT / 272,146 cu ft non-refrigerated; armament 1x5"/38 DP + 1x3"/50 DP + 6x20mm; fuel NSFO 7,285 bbls; propulsion 1 General Machine vertical triple-expansion engine, 2 Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers (220 psi, 450 deg F), three 60 kW 120 V D.C. turbo-generators, single propeller 2,500 shp; radio call sign NTVK. Awards: Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive, 6-7 April 1945), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), WWII Victory Medal; one battle star. CO table: LCDR Dutton 20 Oct 43 - 15 May 44; LCDR Parylak 15 May 44 - 20 Dec 45. NHHC photo NH 85466 (starboard side, San Francisco Bay, probably late October 1943).

   Verification

   partial

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1942-1970

   Population

   Ship's company (206 per NavSource breakout)

   Limitations

   Specialist secondary compilation, not an official publication - consistent with DANFS and the MARAD cards where they overlap (dates, disposal chain). Discrepancies logged in the correction row and gaps: commissioning CO (Dutton per NavSource vs Parylak per DANFS); complement 206 vs DANFS 198; beam 56'11" vs DANFS 56'1"; 20mm count 6 vs shipscribe's 8 for the 1945 standard fit. Award/ribbon list and photo identifications are NavSource-compiled, not independently verified. No asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-03

4. [4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - GRUMIUM (AK-112/IX-174/AVS-3) Ship History Detail 12551 and WILLIAM G. McADOO Ship History Detail 5243 (five digitized card scans: 7IE_01.png main status card; 5243_9662AF.jpg reserve-fleet data card; 5243_9662AB.jpg card back; 5243_AF.jpg + 5243_AB.jpg MA-20 record of ship sales) [marad_nrc]

   Locator

   ShipHistory Detail 12551 (registry fields; no milestones/cards) + Detail 5243 (milestones: Entry/Acquisition 12/27/1945 ex-GRUMIUM, Disposition/Withdrawal 5/18/1970; card scans at /cards/5243_9662AB.jpg, /cards/5243_9662AF.jpg, /cards/5243_AB.jpg, /cards/5243_AF.jpg, /cards/7IE_01.png - all five read as images)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   MARAD ShipHistory records for this hull: GRUMIUM (AK-112/IX-174/AVS-3) Detail 12551 and WILLIAM G. McADOO Detail 5243 (both Official No. 242706, Permanente Metals Corporation, MARAD type EC2-S-C1, 7,176 gross / 4,384 net). Digitized card scans read directly: (a) main vessel status card (7IE_01.png) - type 'Cargo EC2', hull no. 443, 'Built by PERMANENTE METALS CORP. RICHMOND, CAL.', completed 12-30-42, 'Basis to W.S.A. 12-30-42 10:15AM PWT @ Richmond, Cal.'; allocation rows: American President Lines, Ltd. under GAA delivered Richmond 12-30-42 10:15AM; Navy Dept. ('Navy Name GRUMIUM') on form 'BB' (bareboat) delivered Seattle, Wash. 10-5-43 noon; WSA Reserve Fleet (renamed WILLIAM G. McADOO) Lee Hall, Va. 12-27-45 5:00PM EST; N.V. Intershita c/o Seabrokers, Inc. (Scrap) purchase James River 4/17/70; physical delivery 5/18/70 9:45AM EDT; 'Resold to Salvamento y Demolicion Naval S.A., Barcelona, Spain for scrap.' (b) reserve-fleet data card (5243_9662AF.jpg) - fleet JR S-4; '2 WTB, 2500 IHP' machinery note; fuel oil on entry 955 bbls Bunker C; 'SOLD SCRAP PD-X-863 dated 4-17-70 to N.V. Intershite c/o Seabrokers, Inc. N.Y. for $203,600 (includes GEORGE POMUTZ)'; termination port last voyage Hampton Roads; withdrawn 5-18-70. (c) MA-20 Record of Ship Sales (5243_AF.jpg) - 'EX-GRUMIUM; EX-WILLIAM G. McADOO', type Liberty, contract MA-5031, awarded N.V. Intershita 4-17-70 $203,600; remarks: advertised 8-2-68 PD-X-810 all bids rejected; 11-15-68 PD-X-816 bids rejected; 2-17-70 PD-X-861 no bids; 3-18-70 PD-X-863 opened 4-15-70 'dismantle hull foreign'. Card-back berthing notes place the hull alongside Andrew Rowan, Horatio Allen, Alcoa Polaris, and George Pomutz (Unit 3, 9-9-47) in the James River fleet.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1942-1970

   Limitations

   Authoritative for government custody milestones, hull identity (ON 242706 = MCE 443 = ex-Grumium printed on the cards), the WSA/American President Lines/Navy-bareboat delivery chain, the 1945-1970 James River lay-up, and the 1970 scrap-sale chain including the combined $203,600 two-ship price (with SS George Pomutz). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim. Detail 12551's 'Fate' reads 'Sold - Scrap' while Detail 5243's reads 'Sold - Foreign Flag Op.' - both consistent with sale to a foreign dismantling intermediary; noted not reconciled. '2 WTB' (two water-tube boilers) corroborates the NavSource boiler listing without proving boiler manufacturer.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-04

5. [5]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Crater (AK-70) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips records, and MARCOM/MARAD data) [other_primary]

   Locator

   shipscribe.com/usnaux/AK/AK70.html - construction table row AK-112, disposition table row, per-ship note (GRUMIUM/MC hull 443), class notes (fleet-issue/AVS conversion narrative; armament notes), class data block

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Ship-design compilation naming this hull in the Crater-class tables: AK-112 GRUMIUM - acquired 5 Oct 43; builder Permanente Metals #2; keel 12 Nov 42; launched 20 Dec 42; commissioned 20 Oct 43; decommissioned 20 Dec 45; struck 8 Jan 46; to Maritime Commission 27 Dec 45; sold 17 Apr 70. Per-hull note: 'Ex merc. WILLIAM G. McADOO (completed 30 Dec 42). Converted by Todd Seattle DD, Seattle. To IX-174 20 Jun 44 as aviation stores issue ship, probably converted in the San Francisco area in September 1944. To AVS-3 25 May 45. To NDRF 1945 as merc. WILLIAM G. McADOO. To buyer 18 May 70, scrapped by 27 Oct 70.' Class notes document the reclassification chain: 'AK-112 was reassigned from ServPac to ComAirPac by CinCPOA as an Aviation Stores Issue Ship on 1 Jun 44 and was reclassified IX-174 by CNO effective 20 Jun 44. AK-109 followed, being assigned to duty under ComAirPac ... reclassified IX-204 by CNO effective 31 Dec 44. When the AVS designation was established the two ships were reclassified AVS 3-4 effective 25 May 45.' Armament note: AK-112 carried 1-4"/50 + 9-20mm as a merchant ship and 2-3"/50 + 8-20mm in late-1943 Navy fit, receiving the standard class armament on conversion to an aviation stores ship in 1944. Class data: MC design EC2-S-C1; 4,023 t light / 14,550 t limiting; 441.5' oa x 416.0' wl x 56.9' e x 28.3' lim; complement 133 (1944); 12.5 kts; 2,500 HP vertical triple expansion, 1 screw.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1942-1970

   Limitations

   Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register, design, and MARAD records, not the registers themselves; figures used where consistent with DANFS/SDB/MARAD. The 'probably converted in the San Francisco area in September 1944' line is the compiler's own inference - the ship was at Pearl Harbor/Roi from late June 1944 per DANFS; the IX-174 reclassification date (20 Jun 44, CNO) is certain but the physical conversion timing/yard is unresolved (see gaps). Class-level complement '133 (1944)' conflicts with DANFS 198 and NavSource 206 - discrepancy logged. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-05

6. [6]U.S. Maritime Commission, Instruction Manual for Operating and Maintaining 2500 H.P. Triple Expansion Marine Steam Engines, EC2-S-C1 Cargo Vessels (mirrored excerpt) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Mirrored excerpt, engine-cylinder insulation section

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   The U.S. Maritime Commission instruction manual for the EC2-S-C1 plant (the design type documented for this hull by the DANFS spec block 'T. EC2-S-C1', the MARAD registry 'MARAD Type EC2-S-C1', and the status card 'Cargo EC2') describes cylinder insulation of magnesia under sheet-iron lagging; insulation products of this era were commonly manufactured with asbestos fiber, and period steam-system gaskets, packing, and insulation felts commonly contained asbestos. Liberty hulls were built to emergency USMC specifications during the period when the federal government had reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding.

   Verification

   inferred

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1942-1945

   Population

   Construction trades (Permanente/Kaiser Richmond Yard No. 2, 1942); Navy engine-room and maintenance crew; conversion-yard workers (Todd Seattle 1943; San Francisco-area conversion 1944)

   Limitations

   Class/design documentation, not a hull record - the manual names the type, not this vessel, and does not itself state 'asbestos' content (magnesia lagging of the era was typically asbestos-fiber-reinforced, but the manual text is silent on fiber). The 1943 Todd Seattle Navy conversion and the 1944 San Francisco-area aviation-stores conversion added armament and reworked spaces whose material scope is undocumented. Does not establish quantity, past or present presence (hull scrapped 1970), individual exposure, or causation.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-06

7. [7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency program under which this EC2-S-C1 hull was mass-produced at Permanente Metals Yard No. 2, Richmond (the Kaiser Richmond yard complex produced more Liberty ships than any other) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   1940s era documented; article 1987

   Population

   WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)

   Limitations

   Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel or the EC2-S-C1 type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-07

8. [8]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]

   Locator

   PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)

   Finding type

   gov_survey

   Finding

   The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era and type.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   survey ~1944-45; published 1946

   Population

   WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)

   Limitations

   Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Permanente/Kaiser Richmond was among the surveyed contract yards is unverified) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-08

9. [9]O'Neil v. Crane Co., 53 Cal. 4th 335 (2012), CourtListener opinion 844228 [court_record]

   Locator

   Opinion, 53 Cal. 4th 335 (No. S177401); cluster verified in batch-01

   Finding type

   litigation_documented

   Finding

   O'Neil v. Crane Co., 53 Cal. 4th 335 (2012): California Supreme Court 'bare metal' decision arising from a sailor's asbestos exposure aboard USS Oriskany (CV-34) - holds that a product manufacturer is not liable for harm caused by another manufacturer's asbestos-containing product used with its equipment. Establishes the doctrinal posture under which WWII-era Navy-ship asbestos product claims are litigated; for this hull the governing structure is the WSA-owned/Navy-operated bareboat arrangement documented on the MARAD status card (sailors' claims proceed against product suppliers, not the government).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-20

   Study period

   2012 (opinion); wartime exposure period

   Population

   WWII-era Navy sailors (class context)

   Limitations

   Doctrinal context only - the opinion does not name this hull, finds no asbestos conditions aboard any specific vessel, and establishes legal framework rather than exposure. No docketed case naming Grumium, AK-112, IX-174, AVS-3, or William G. McAdoo was located (see negative-finding row and search ledger; direct CourtListener sweeps were rate-limit blocked). For the hull's pre-Navy WSA merchant phase (Dec 1942 - Oct 1943, American President Lines under GAA) the fleet-level posture is Robinson v. United States, 891 F.2d 31 (2d Cir. 1989) - claims against the government barred on discretionary-function grounds (class-profile row, not separately carried here). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-grumium-ak112-09

10. [10]Batch-801 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback + hazegray mirror; NavSource 09/50/5003; MARAD ShipHistory Details 12551/5243 + five digitized status-card scans; BuShips SDB 1945 v3 scan; shipscribe AK-70 class page; CourtListener API (blocked) + Google site checks; va.gov BVA index check; NVR; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]

    Locator

    search_ledger rows sl-uss-grumium-ak112-01 through sl-uss-grumium-ak112-11

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming Grumium, AK-112, IX-174, AVS-3, or William G. McAdoo (MCE 443 / ON 242706) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Direct CourtListener API searches were blocked by rate limiting on 2026-09-20 (shared machine quota, HTTP 429 'Rate limit exceeded: 125/day. Expected available in ~21,622s'); indexed-web site:courtlistener.com / site:law.justia.com checks for 'Grumium' returned only surname/term collisions (Grumman, Grumme, Grumt, Grummer) - no vessel match. The hull appears on law-firm SEO ship lists (asbestos-ships.com dedicated page; freeasbestostesting.com and duboselawfirm.com auxiliary/cargo-ship lists); marketing compilations are excluded per source rules and list presence is not documentation.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    negative_finding

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-20

    Study period

    2026-09-20

    Limitations

    Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 EC2-S-C1 hull with two documented Navy conversions and a combat-damage-adjacent rescue history at Kerama Retto is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials and undocumented disturbance pathways. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Litigation coverage is partial: CourtListener opinion and RECAP docket searches were not run to completion due to the 125/day shared rate limit; the site: check is not a substitute.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-grumium-ak112-10

11. [11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 178 (US Maritime Commission), RG 248 (War Shipping Administration), RG 181 (naval districts and shore establishments), RG 357 (MARAD); NHHC photographic index (NH 85466 via NavSource) [other_primary]

    Locator

    archives.gov record-group guides 24/178/248/181/357 + deck-log guidance; photo number via NavSource index

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction orders; no spend authorized): NARA RG 24 WWII deck logs for USS Grumium (Oct 1943 - Dec 1945, including the Kerama Retto period and the two conversion periods); NARA RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) and RG 248 (War Shipping Administration) files for MCE hull 443, the 1942-12-30 American President Lines GAA allocation, and the 1943-10-05 WSA-to-Navy bareboat ('BB') delivery at Seattle; NARA RG 181 records of the 12th Naval District (San Francisco) and 13th Naval District (Seattle) as candidate repositories for the 1943 Todd conversion and 1944 aviation-stores conversion work packages; MARAD/NDRF custody files for the 1945-1970 James River lay-up and the PD-X-863/MA-5031 sale file (RG 357); NHHC photo NH 85466 (in-port view, San Francisco Bay, late October 1943).

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-20

    Study period

    1942-1970 records

    Limitations

    Record-group and collection mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-grumium-ak112-11

12. [12]DANFS spec block and narrative vs NavSource CO table/spec block vs MARAD status cards vs shipscribe class compilation vs BuShips SDB 1945 v3 AVS rows; Wikipedia infobox (tertiary) [other_primary]

    Locator

    DANFS commissioning line; NavSource CO table and spec block; MARAD card 7IE_01.png custody rows and MA-20 card; shipscribe AK-70 class notes and ship note; SDB AVS tables pp. 442-444

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Cross-source reconciliation: (a) Commissioning commanding officer - DANFS states 'commissioned Grumium (AK-112) 20 October 1943, Lt. Comdr. B. J. Parylak in command,' while the NavSource CO table records LCDR Francis W. Dutton, USNR, 20 Oct 1943 - 15 May 1944, then LCDR Byron J. Parylak 15 May 1944 - 20 Dec 1945; both carried, unresolved (Parylak is the longer-serving and final wartime CO either way). (b) Keel date - NavSource, shipscribe, and Wikipedia prose read 12 Nov 1942; the Wikipedia infobox reads 11 Nov 1942 - 12 Nov carried (two register-compiled sources agree). (c) Sponsor - DANFS 'Mrs. T. Y. Sturtevant' vs Wikipedia 'Mrs. T.Y. Stuyvesant' - DANFS carried. (d) Complement - DANFS 198 vs NavSource 16+190 (=206) vs shipscribe class 133 (1944) - figures differ by source, carried separately. (e) Beam - DANFS 56'1" vs NavSource 56'11" (shipscribe 56.9' e consistent) vs MARAD MA-20 card 56'10" - variance logged. (f) Conversion timing/location - DANFS places the aviation-stores conversion at San Francisco May-June 1944 (arrived 27 May, redesignated IX-174 20 June, departed 22 June); the shipscribe per-hull note says 'probably converted in the San Francisco area in September 1944'; Wikipedia's infobox 'Refit ... at Alameda, California, March 1945' is uncorroborated by any primary source located - flagged, not asserted. (g) DANFS's closing 'where she remains' (NDRF James River) is stale - the MARAD cards document the 1970 sale and foreign dismantling. (h) Armament - shipscribe documents merchant fit 1-4"/50 + 9-20mm, Navy late-1943 fit 2-3"/50 + 8-20mm, and the 1944-conversion standard 1-5"/38 + 1-3"/50 + 8-20mm; NavSource's spec block lists 6x20mm; SDB's AVS row lists only the two big guns - differing configuration dates, not contradictions.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    correction

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-20

    Study period

    1942-1970

    Limitations

    Reconciles publication-level inconsistencies visible across primary and secondary sources; the commissioning-CO conflict and the physical conversion timing are flagged unresolved rather than resolved, since neither source can be preferred on documentary grounds. No asbestos content in any of these sources.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-grumium-ak112-12