Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]DANFS, Hale I (DD-133) (Naval History Division; live NHHC page not located - 404 on all URL variants tried 2026-09-26; verbatim text via 2012 NHHC Wayback capture and HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + full service narrative (Hale I); NHHC original at http://web.archive.org/web/20120907124614/http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/h1/hale-i.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull (Hale I): specifications block gives dp. 1,090 (normal), l. 314'5", b. 31'8", dr. 8'8", s. 35 k., cpl. 113, a. 4 4"/2 3-pdrs./12 21" tt., cl. Wickes. Launched by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, 29 May 1919, sponsored by Miss Mary Hale (granddaughter of the namesake, Senator Eugene Hale of Maine); commissioned at Boston 12 June 1919, Comdr. Allan S. Farquhar in command. Joined Destroyer Squadron 3, U.S. Atlantic Fleet; departed 11 July 1919 for Europe - goodwill visits, assisted execution of the Austrian Armistice (October), joined the American detachment in Turkish waters, carried refugees/relief officials/freight among Greek, Bulgarian, and Russian ports; returned to Philadelphia 31 March 1920; decommissioned at Philadelphia 22 June 1922; recommissioned 1 May 1930 (NHHC original reads '1 May 1930'; the ibiblio transcription misprints '31 May 1930' - see ev-08); Caribbean Scouting Fleet maneuvers early 1931; arrived San Diego via the Panama Canal 4 April 1931; Battle Force operations on the California coast including carrier-tactics work with Saratoga and Lexington; decommissioned at San Diego 9 April 1937; recommissioned at San Diego 30 September 1939; departed 25 November 1939 for neutrality patrol in the Caribbean; based at Galveston from 22 February 1940, later Key West; prepared for transfer at Philadelphia 1 September 1940; arrived Halifax 6 September 1940 and decommissioned 9 September 1940, becoming HMS Caldwell in the Royal Navy. DANFS then records RN escort duty in the Atlantic and Caribbean, joining the Royal Canadian Navy in mid-1942, serious gale damage 18 December 1942 while returning to St. John's, found drifting by Wanderer 21 December, towed to St. John's and later Boston, ready for sea May 1943, RCN convoy duty until 1 December 1943, then Tyne reserve; 'broken up for scrap in September 1944.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1945
- Population
- Bath Iron Works construction trades 1918-19; USN crews (design complement 113) 1919-1940; RN/RCN crews 1940-1944
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and design specifications only - it contains no asbestos, materials, or survey information. Its 'broken up ... September 1944' conflicts with the compiled RN service history (sold 20 March 1945, arrived Granton breaker's yard 6 June 1945); the conflict is carried in gaps. The ibiblio transcription misprints the 1930 recommissioning date as '31 May'; the NHHC original's '1 May 1930' is carried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-01
-
[2]NavSource Naval History, Destroyer Photo Index DD-133 USS Hale (volunteer-compiled from official records), captured 2024-12-09 (navsource.org unreachable from this machine in-session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Operational and Building Data block + class specifications block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NavSource Destroyer Photo Index for USS Hale (DD-133) supplies the building/registry data DANFS omits: laid down by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine, 7 October 1918; launched 29 May 1919; commissioned 12 June 1919; decommissioned at Philadelphia 22 June 1922; recommissioned 1 May 1930; decommissioned at San Diego 9 April 1937; recommissioned 30 September 1939; decommissioned and transferred to Britain 9 September 1940, renamed HMS Caldwell (I20); stricken from the U.S. Naval Register 8 January 1941; 'Paid off January 1944, broken up for scrap in June 1945.' Class block: WICKES; displacement 1,154 tons; 314'5" oa x 31'8" x 9'10" max draft; 4 x 4"/50, 2 x 1pdr AA (1 x 3"/23 in some), 12 x 21" tt; machinery 24,200 shp, geared turbines, 2 screws; 35 knots; crew 103; flag hoist/radio call sign NACL.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1945
- Population
- Bath Iron Works construction trades 1918-19; USN crews 1919-1940; RN/RCN crews 1940-1944
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled reference accessed via Wayback capture; consistent with DANFS except (a) crew 103 vs DANFS 113, (b) draft 9'10" max vs DANFS 8'8", (c) displacement 1,154 t vs DANFS 1,090 normal, and (d) fate 'broken up June 1945' vs DANFS 'September 1944' - variances flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information. The page's own service text prints an internally impossible '18 January 1943' gale date followed by arrival 'Christmas Eve'; the December 1942 gale dates from DANFS and naval-history.net are carried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-02
-
[3]naval-history.net, 'HMS, later HMCS Caldwell (I 20) - ex-US Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements,' Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2 (Lt Cdr Geoffrey B. Mason RN Rtd, 2005) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Caldwell service-history page, monthly chronology 1940-1945
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled Royal Navy service history (Lt Cdr Geoffrey B. Mason RN Rtd, from official records and A. Hague's convoy data) covers the hull's RN/RCN career in dated detail: commissioned as HMS Caldwell (I20) at Halifax 9 September 1940; Devonport refit for convoy-escort conversion 28 September-12 October 1940; joined 17th Destroyer Flotilla, Liverpool; first of the TOWN class deployed operationally, escorting convoy OB233 on 23 October 1940; 5th Escort Group December 1940; weather-damage repair at Liverpool January 1941; work-up at Tobermory; refit at a Cardiff commercial yard 6 June-28 August 1941; convoy ON34 (November) and ON41/HX162 (December 1941); joined the RCN escort force at St. John's 21 February 1942 (believed start of service as HMCS Caldwell); Halifax-St. John's convoys and Aruba-Halifax tanker escort; Boston refit June-July 1942; minor structural damage in collision with RMS Aquitania 14 August 1942; sustained major structural damage in hurricane-force winds 12-18 December 1942, steering failed, fuel exhausted (furniture burned for boilers); taken in tow, arrived St. John's 24 December; turbine bearings found defective; towed to Boston via Halifax, arriving 31 January 1943; repaired through May 1943; Western Local Escort Force convoy duty to November 1943; passage to UK via the Azores, arrived Tyne 29 December 1943 to reduce to reserve; paid off and de-stored January 1944; placed on the disposal list early 1945; sold to Granton Shipbreaking 20 March 1945; arrived in tow at the breaker's yard at Granton, near Edinburgh, 6 June 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Population
- RN crews 1940-1942; RCN crews 1942-1943; refit/repair yard workers at Devonport, Liverpool, Cardiff, Boston; breakers at Granton 1945
- Limitations
- A compiled secondary service history drawing on official records and Hague's convoy database - corroborates and extends DANFS but is not itself a primary document; no asbestos or materials content. Its refit/repair narrative (Devonport 1940, Cardiff 1941, Boston 1942 and 1943) identifies locations but no yard work packages. It resolves the disposal as sold 20 March 1945 and demolition at Granton from June 1945, against DANFS's 'September 1944'.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-03
-
[4]DANFS specifications block for this hull ('cl. Wickes'; 's. 35 k.'; steam plant) + NavSource machinery line (24,200 shp, geared turbines, 2 screws) - class/era inference drawn from ship-specific specifications data, not from a dedicated materials study [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS specifications block; NavSource class block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/class inference only: Hale was a Wickes-class 'flush-deck' steam destroyer built 1918-19 at Bath Iron Works under the WWI emergency construction program - a type whose class, as a whole, carried period-standard boiler and steam-line insulation, lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and fireproofing common to naval steam propulsion of the era. No ship-specific asbestos documentation exists for this hull (see ev-07, negative finding); the hull was scrapped in the UK in 1945 and no structure survives to survey.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1919
- Population
- Bath Iron Works construction trades 1918-19 (era context only)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no ship-specific finding is established by this row. This is not evidence that asbestos-containing material was installed, present, or handled aboard this specific hull; it does not identify products, quantities, or locations aboard USS Hale. WWI-era (1918-19) construction precedes the era of best-documented naval asbestos use; nothing in this row should be read as ship-proven.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-04
-
[5]National Archives, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961,' sections Beginning Research, Bureau of Ships correspondence (Navy Filing Manual QM/Bath Iron Works), General Information Books, and Board of Inspection and Survey Reports [other_primary]
- Locator
- Guide sections on RG 19 correspondence, RG 19 Entry P 9, RG 38 Entry P 1-D
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- NARA's research guide 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' describes asbestos use in U.S. Navy materiel during 1941-1961 and routes vessel-level research to RG 19 Bureau of Ships correspondence filed by hull designation (private builders such as Bath Iron Works filed under 'QM/Bath Iron Works'), RG 19 Entry P 9 General Information Books, and RG 38 Entry P 1-D inspection reports. These are the archival series where hull-level material documentation for DD-133 would be sought.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- guide scope 1941-1961; hull service 1918-1940 USN / 1940-1945 RN-RCN
- Limitations
- Series-level archival lead only. The guide's stated period (1941-1961) postdates this hull's USN service (ended September 1940) and does not cover the Royal Navy career; Hale- or Wickes-specific volumes were not identified, retrieved, or inspected, and survival is unverified. The guide does not identify asbestos aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-05
-
[6]Atlas shipyard dataset (shipyard-exposure-map/client/src/data/shipyards.json), yard_id 'bath-iron-works'; underlying citations include OSHA inspection 101450294 and PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json 'bath-iron-works' record, asbestos_products_documented and evidence rows
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Builder-yard context: the Atlas shipyard dataset documents Bath Iron Works (Bath, Maine) at evidence tier 2 with documented period asbestos products (Kaylo pipe covering, Foster Wheeler gaskets, asbestos felt, loose packing, vinyl floor tile and adhesives), a 1942 Harvard/Drinker industrial-hygiene study (PMID 21016030) recording 'fairly serious dust risk' in pipe-covering shops, OSHA 1987 inspection citations, and litigation including Austin v. Raybestos-Manhattan, 471 A.2d 280 (Me. 1984).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1942-1987 (yard documentation era)
- Population
- Bath Iron Works trades (1942 study; 1987 OSHA inspection)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation only, and for a later era - the earliest yard asbestos study cited is 1942, more than two decades after Hale's 1918-19 construction. Supports the plausibility of period asbestos use at the builder; it is not evidence of asbestos aboard this hull and establishes no product, quantity, or location.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-06
-
[7]Batch-3139 search ledger (this record): DANFS/NHHC, NavSource, naval-history.net, NARA asbestos research guide and Lend-Lease milestone page, Atlas shipyard dataset, CourtListener authenticated sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-hale-dd133-01 through sl-uss-hale-dd133-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record was located for this hull: no asbestos survey, material specification, sampling result, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed litigation naming USS Hale (DD-133) / HMS/HMCS Caldwell was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). Official sources reviewed (DANFS, NavSource building data, compiled RN service history, NARA research guide) disclose no asbestos finding for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Bounded negative finding across located public sources - it does not prove the hull was asbestos-free, and WWI-era construction records for this hull (NARA RG 19/RG 38 series, UK disposal files) were not retrieved. Absence of a located record is a search result, not a finding about the ship's material condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-07
-
[8]NHHC DANFS Hale I, original 2012 page (Wayback capture) vs HyperWar/ibiblio transcription [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC 2012 capture, paragraph 3 ('1 May 1930'); ibiblio transcription same paragraph ('31 May 1930')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DANFS transcription discrepancy corrected at source: the live NHHC page for Hale I is not reachable (404 on all URL variants tried), but the 2012 Wayback capture of the original NHHC text reads 'remained in reserve until 1 May 1930, when she recommissioned. Departing Philadelphia 15 May' - internally consistent (departure 14 days after recommissioning). The HyperWar/ibiblio transcription prints '31 May 1930,' which is internally impossible (departure preceding recommissioning). The 1 May 1930 date is carried, consistent with NavSource and the batch instruction's metadata.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1930
- Limitations
- Resolves a transcription error in the most commonly cited mirror; does not by itself establish the correct date beyond the NHHC original's text, which is corroborated by NavSource's 1 May 1930.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-08
-
[9]DANFS, Hale II (DD-642) (verbatim HyperWar/ibiblio transcription; live NHHC page not located) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Hale II entry, specifications block and disposition paragraph
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Name-collision delineation: a second USS Hale - DD-642, a Fletcher-class destroyer also built by Bath Iron Works, launched 4 April 1943 and commissioned 15 June 1943 - served in the Pacific, Korea-era Atlantic, and 6th Fleet until decommissioning 30 July 1960, then transferred to Colombia as ARC Antioquia (DD-01) on 23 January 1961. Any unqualified 'USS Hale' reference dated after 9 September 1940 - including postwar asbestos litigation - presumptively concerns DD-642, not this hull, which spent 1940-1945 as HMS/HMCS Caldwell and no longer existed as a U.S. Navy ship. 'Caldwell' itself collides with USS Caldwell (DD-69, Caldwell-class namesake) and USS Caldwell (DD-605, Benson/Gleaves class), both indexed in the master hull list.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1961 (DD-642 service window)
- Limitations
- Identity-discrimination context for this hull's record; it does not itself document asbestos on either hull. Post-1940 'Hale' mentions require hull resolution before attribution - the Fletcher-class namesake, not this Wickes hull, is the plausible referent for postwar exposure claims.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-09
-
[10]National Archives, Milestone Documents - 'Lend-Lease Act (1941)' page (destroyers-for-bases paragraph) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Lend-Lease milestone page, paragraph on the July 1940 Churchill request and the 50-destroyer exchange
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Destroyers-for-bases program context: NARA's Milestone Documents page records that after Churchill's July 1940 request, the United States exchanged 50 overage destroyers for 99-year leases on British bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland. DANFS (ev-01) identifies this hull as one of those transferred: decommissioned at Halifax 9 September 1940 and entered the Royal Navy as HMS Caldwell.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940
- Limitations
- Program-level context; the NARA page does not name this hull and addresses neither ship condition nor materials. The hull's participation in the transfer is established by DANFS, not by this source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-10
-
[11]CourtListener API v4 sweep (authenticated, via fleet helper cl-auth-search.py): "USS Hale" (o=0, r=0), "HMS Caldwell"/"HMCS Caldwell" (o=0, r=0), "DD-133" (o=0, r=17 all name-collision), 2026-09-26 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-hale-dd133-08 through sl-uss-hale-dd133-13
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener authenticated API v4 sweep (via fleet helper cl-auth-search.py), run 2026-09-26, complete: exact-phrase "USS Hale" returned 0 results in opinions (type=o) and dockets (type=r, queried as "USS Hale" OR "U.S.S. Hale" OR "aboard the Hale"); "HMS Caldwell" OR "HMCS Caldwell" returned 0 results in both opinions and dockets; "DD-133" returned 0 opinion results. "DD-133" dockets returned 17 raw hits, all name-collision false positives - the substring matches incidentally inside docket-internal strings; case captions reviewed (Chana Taub bankruptcy E.D.N.Y., Andrews v. D'Souza N.D. Ga., Portier LLC v. City of New York S.D.N.Y., DoorDash v. City of New York S.D.N.Y., SEC v. Keener 11th Cir., Madoff SIPA bankruptcy, VeraSun Energy bankruptcy, Dominik Karnas v. Mark Cuban S.D. Fla., and 9 others) are bankruptcy, civil-rights, securities, fraud, agriculture, and prisoner matters - none references a U.S. Navy destroyer, USS Hale, DD-133, or HMS/HMCS Caldwell as a vessel, and none is asbestos litigation. Classification: no qualifying litigation naming this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- A completed public-index sweep confirming no located litigation naming this hull as of 2026-09-26; it does not prove no such litigation exists - PACER-gated dockets, sealed filings, and state-court records outside CourtListener's index are not searched. Bare 'Hale' or 'Caldwell' queries were deliberately not run - both collide with common surnames and with USS Hale (DD-642) and USS Caldwell (DD-69, DD-605); only qualified queries were attempted. The 17 'DD-133' docket hits were reviewed individually and classified name collision, not qualifying litigation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-11
-
[12]master-hull-list.json PRIMARY index entry for USS Hale DD-133 (class field 'Hopkins') vs DANFS Hale I specifications block ('cl. Wickes') and NavSource class block ('CLASS - WICKES') [other_primary]
- Locator
- master-hull-list.json row 'USS HALE / DD-133 / Destroyer / Hopkins / WWII / tier 2'; DANFS spec block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Class-metadata correction: the master hull list (master-hull-list.json, PRIMARY index) carries this vessel as 'USS HALE | DD-133 | Destroyer | Hopkins'. No Hopkins-class designation applies to DD-133 - DANFS prints 'cl. Wickes' and NavSource prints 'CLASS - WICKES'; the correct class is Wickes and is carried in ship_class. The Hopkins label belongs to the early torpedo-boat destroyer line (USS Hopkins DD-6 era); the same index shows parallel early-destroyer class confusion (USS Caldwell DD-69 listed as 'Hopkins' though DD-69 was the Caldwell-class namesake).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Corrects an upstream index field, not a fact about the hull's material condition. The correction is documented against two independent sources; the underlying cause of the PRIMARY-list error (Hopkins assigned to DD-133) is not known and the index itself is not modified by this record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hale-dd133-12