Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet hb-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-hawkins-dd873-pkt-hb-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Hawkins (DD-873), Naval History Division ship-history entry (verbatim transcription via HyperWar/ibiblio; live history.navy.mil URLs returned HTTP 404 during research session) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry: namesake biography, construction/commissioning paragraph, specifications block, service narrative, bracketed striking/transfer note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC DANFS identifies this hull as a Gearing-class destroyer: originally Beatty, renamed Hawkins 22 June 1944; launched by Consolidated Steel Co., Orange, Texas, 7 October 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Clara Hawkins, mother of the namesake; commissioned 10 February 1945, Comdr. C. (Clifton) Iverson in command. Specifications block: displacement 2,425; length 390'6"; beam 41'1"; draft 18'6"; speed 35 knots; complement 367; armament 6 x 5", 6 x 3", 5 x 21" torpedo tubes, 6 depth-charge projectors, 1 hedgehog, 2 depth-charge tracks. Named for First Lieutenant William Deane Hawkins, USMC, Medal of Honor recipient killed 21 November 1943 in the Tarawa (Betio) assault. Service narrative: Caribbean shakedown; Norfolk radar-picket conversion 23 March-26 May 1945; Pacific arrival 8 July 1945; Iwo Jima/Tokyo Bay occupation operations from 27 August 1945; Japanese waters to 3 January 1946; WestPac 1947 (Hong Kheng rescue 19 July 1947) and 1948-49 (circumnavigation ending San Diego 16 March 1949); reclassified DDR-873 18 March 1949; Atlantic Fleet, Newport homeport from 23 May 1949; 6th Fleet May-October 1950; Korean service January-August 1951 (Pusan, carrier screening, ASW, combat air patrol control, Formosa Strait plane guard); Suez crisis summer 1956; Mayport homeport 18 August 1960; Cape Canaveral missile-test support 1961; Cuban missile quarantine late October-December 1962; Mediterranean spring 1963; Polaris tests August 1963 (Alexander Hamilton) and February 1964 (Andrew Jackson); Boston 21 March 1964, in commission in reserve for FRAM I; reclassified DD-873 1 April; FRAM completed late 1964; DesRon 24 Newport; departed 29 September 1965, 7th Fleet 23 November 1965; South China Sea/Gulf of Tonkin carrier guard and South Vietnam naval gunfire support through late February 1966; Newport 8 April 1966 via Suez; Mediterranean December 1966-20 March 1967 as ComDesRon 24 flagship. Bracketed note: struck from the Navy list 1 October 1979 and transferred to Taiwan 17 March 1983 (as 'Shao Yang' - see correction row ev-05). Two battle stars for Korean service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1983
- Population
- Ship's company, 1945-1979
- Limitations
- Official Navy history of identity, operations, and disposition; DANFS does not document materials, asbestos content, maintenance work packages, or exposures. Live NHHC page returned 404 - verbatim HyperWar/ibiblio transcription cited (same standing link-rot condition documented in BATCH-01). The bracketed note's ROCN name 'Shao Yang' conflicts with Taiwan's official record (Tse Yang 資陽, DD-930) and is corrected at ev-05. Laid-down date is not in the DANFS text and is carried from NavSource (ev-03).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-01
-
[3]Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images, 'USS Hawkins (DD-873, later DDR-873 and DD-873), 1945-1983' (ibiblio HyperWar mirror of the NHC page) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHC Online Library ship biography paragraphs (post-1967 service and disposition)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Naval Historical Center Online Library photo-biography extends the record past the DANFS narrative: sixteen Sixth Fleet Mediterranean cruises; 1966-67 and 1968 deployments; Apollo space-mission support in 1969 and 1971; Standing Naval Force Atlantic operations in northern European waters in 1970; Mediterranean cruises 1972-73, 1975-76, and 1977; Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf operations in 1974 via the Cape of Good Hope; Naval Reserve training service out of Philadelphia from December 1977; placed out of commission and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register at the beginning of October 1979 and laid up at Philadelphia; sold to Taiwan in March 1983 and renamed Tsu Yang, serving in Taiwan's navy until 1998.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1967-1998
- Population
- Ship's company 1967-1979; Naval Reserve training crew, Philadelphia 1977-1979
- Limitations
- Official NHC biography extending DANFS; no materials, asbestos, or maintenance-package content. Its 'Tsu Yang' spelling is one of several romanizations of the ROCN name 資陽 - resolved at ev-05.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-02
-
[4]NavSource Naval History, Destroyer Photo Index, USS Hawkins (DD-873/DDR-873) page; navysite.de USS Hawkins (DD 873) general-characteristics and history page [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DD-873 data block and operational/building data; navysite.de/dd/dd873.htm general characteristics table (FRAM I Conversion Shipyard / Period rows)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Destroyer Photo Index for USS Hawkins (DD-873/DDR-873) supplies variant and supplementary data: displacement 3,460 tons full; dimensions 390'6" x 40'10" x 14'4" maximum; armament as built 6 x 5"/38 (3x2), 12 x 40mm, 11 x 20mm, 10 x 21" torpedo tubes (2x5); machinery 60,000 shp General Electric geared turbines, two screws; speed 36.8 knots; range 4,500 nm at 20 knots; crew 336; call sign NBHG; laid down Consolidated Steel, Orange, Texas, 14 May 1944; launched 7 October 1944; commissioned 10 February 1945; FRAM upgrade completed January 1965; decommissioned and stricken 1 October 1979; transferred to Taiwan 17 March 1983, renamed 'Tze-Young'. navysite.de independently records the FRAM I conversion shipyard as Boston Naval Shipyard, Boston, Massachusetts, conversion period 1964-January 1965, post-FRAM armament (ASROC launcher, two twin 5"/38, Mk 32 torpedo tubes, DASH drones) and post-FRAM complement of 14 officers and 260 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1998
- Population
- Ship's company; shipyard workforce during 1945 Norfolk conversion and 1964-65 FRAM availability
- Limitations
- Secondary compilations, not official records: figures conflict with DANFS (crew 336 vs 367; 36.8 vs 35 knots; 14'4" max draft vs 18'6") - conflicts carried in gaps. The Boston Naval Shipyard FRAM attribution rests on navysite.de (secondary) corroborated by DANFS's 'steamed to Boston 21 March 1964 ... FRAM I overhaul'; NavSource's 'Tze-Young' is a third romanization of the ROCN name. No asbestos or materials content is documented by these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-03
-
[5]TELDAP (Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program), 'Tzy-Yang Destroyer' archive entry (culture.teldap.tw); Navypedia 'FU YANG destroyers' Taiwan table [other_primary]
- Locator
- TELDAP Tzy-Yang Destroyer article (ex-Hawkins identification, ROCN dates, academy display); Navypedia tai_dd_fuyang.htm member row for pennant 930
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Taiwan's official digital-archives program (TELDAP, Taiwan e-Learning and Digital Archives Program, culture.teldap.tw) documents the ROCN career of this hull: 'DDG-930 Tse-Yang was the ex-USS Hawkins, the Gearing-class (FRAM I) destroyer, DD-873'; transferred to Taiwan, re-commissioned 9 July 1983, renamed Tse-Yang with hull number DDG-930; served the ROC Navy 16 years on patrol, convoy, training, and ASW missions; decommissioned 16 October 1998; 'the upper-deck construction is moved to be displayed in the ROC Naval Academy.' Navypedia's Taiwan destroyer table records 'Tsu Yang (ex-Hawkins)', pennant 930, commissioned 9.7.1983, stricken 10.1998.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1983-1998 (ROCN service); post-1998 (preserved superstructure)
- Population
- ROCN crew 1983-1998; ROC Naval Academy display/training population post-1998
- Limitations
- Taiwan government archive entry - official for ROCN career and surviving-structure disposition. Contains no asbestos, materials, or scrapping-process documentation; whether the hull's U.S.-era insulation survived ROCN service and the late-1990s scrapping (and under what controls) is undocumented in reviewed sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-04
-
[6]Cross-source name reconciliation: DANFS bracketed note vs. TELDAP Tzy-Yang entry vs. Navypedia FU YANG table (邵陽 929 = ex-Hollister; 資陽 930 = ex-Hawkins) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS bracketed disposition note; TELDAP Tzy-Yang article; Navypedia Taiwan destroyer table rows 929/930
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Correction: the DANFS bracketed note records the 17 March 1983 transfer to Taiwan 'as Shao Yang', but Taiwan's official record (TELDAP) and Navypedia's Taiwan destroyer table identify ex-Hawkins as Tse-Yang/Tsu Yang (資陽), pennant DD-930 later DDG-930 - while 'Shao Yang' (邵陽), pennant 929, was the ROCN name of ex-USS Hollister (DD-788), a different Gearing-class transfer. The romanized name also appears as Tze-Young (NavSource), Tsu Yang (NHC Online Library, navysite.de, Navypedia), and Tze Yang/Tzi Yang (Wikipedia) - all referring to 資陽; this record uses 'Tse Yang'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1983 transfer
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- The DANFS name is carried as a probable transcription error against the weight of Taiwan-official and compiled sources (資陽/930 = ex-Hawkins; 邵陽/929 = ex-Hollister). The discrepancy is documented rather than silently reconciled because DANFS is the primary U.S. source for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-05
-
[7]Monroe Quailes, Jr. v. United States, 109 Fed. Cl. 651 (2013), CourtListener opinion 856491; Quailes v. United States, 25 Cl. Ct. 659 (1992), opinion 6930926; Quailes v. Spencer, D.D.C. No. 19-2541 (Aug. 14, 2023), opinion 9420029 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener opinion search index, 'USS Hawkins' type=o results (3 hits, all Quailes discharge line)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Non-asbestos litigation naming this hull: the Quailes line of Navy-discharge litigation - Quailes v. United States, 25 Cl. Ct. 659 (1992); Monroe Quailes, Jr. v. United States, 109 Fed. Cl. 651 (2013); Quailes v. Spencer, D.D.C. No. 19-2541 (2023) - is a pro se sailor's wrongful-discharge/misconduct and disability-benefits litigation (1979 Navy discharge at issue). The phrase 'USS Hawkins' matched these opinions in the authenticated CourtListener index; during the 1977-79 window Hawkins was the Naval Reserve training ship at Philadelphia, the only commissioned vessel of that name (this hull was the first and only U.S. Navy USS Hawkins).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1979 discharge; opinions 1992-2023
- Population
- Plaintiff Monroe Quailes, Jr. (USN, discharged 1979)
- Limitations
- Other litigation, not asbestos: wrongful-discharge and disability-benefits claims with no materials, condition, or exposure content relevant to asbestos. The 'USS Hawkins' index match confirms the phrase appears in the opinion texts; the precise service context aboard (e.g., whether plaintiff was stationed to this hull during its 1977-79 Philadelphia reserve-training period) was not verified against full opinion text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-06
-
[8]GAO, HRD-80-2, Navy asbestos-worker-protection program documentation (Navy asbestos-substitution timeline); Gearing-class profile construction/machinery data (class-f/gearing-class.class.json); DANFS conversion/FRAM paragraphs; navysite.de FRAM yard attribution [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page; class profile propulsion/asbestos sections; DANFS 1945 and 1964-65 paragraphs; navysite.de general-characteristics table
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era and yard inference only: this hull is a Gearing-class destroyer built 1944-45 at Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, Texas, with the class-standard four Babcock & Wilcox superheated boilers feeding 60,000-shp General Electric geared steam turbines; underwent a radar-picket conversion at Norfolk 23 March-26 May 1945 immediately after commissioning; and underwent FRAM I modernization at Boston Naval Shipyard 1964-January 1965. All construction and yard events predate the Navy's asbestos-substitution era (GAO HRD-80-2 documents substitution efforts not beginning until the early 1970s); the standard ACM categories for such plants are boiler/turbine thermal insulation, steam-line lagging, gaskets and packing, fireproofing, and deck coverings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1965 construction and major-yard-availability era
- Population
- Shipyard workforce during construction (1944-45), Norfolk conversion (1945), and Boston FRAM availability (1964-65); ship's company in machinery spaces
- Limitations
- Class/era inference, not a ship-specific finding: boilers, steam propulsion, and pre-1970s yard availabilities do not prove asbestos was installed, disturbed, or encountered aboard DD-873. GAO HRD-80-2 full text was not retrievable at session time (product page verified; the substitution-era framing is carried from the fleet's prior verified extraction). No Consolidated Steel Orange builder-yard record exists in the Atlas shipyard dataset.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-07
-
[9]U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Data Quality Evaluation and Data Extraction Information for Environmental Release and Occupational Exposure for Asbestos Part 2, Systematic Review Support Document (Nov. 2024), HERO extraction citing D. H. Rushworth, 'The Navy and asbestos thermal insulation' [other_primary]
- Locator
- HERO ID 3584926, Table 1, throughput entry
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- EPA's asbestos risk-evaluation systematic-review support document extracts a Navy thermal-insulation source stating that the next-generation Gearing class carried just over 24 long tons of thermal insulation on pipes and machinery. The document reports historical asbestos-containing insulation context for the class and identifies the estimate as class-level throughput information.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- Gearing-class era; source discussed in EPA 2024 review
- Population
- Gearing-class ship construction, maintenance, and crew populations; no DD-873-specific population identified
- Limitations
- This is a class-level estimate, not a DD-873 survey, bill of materials, or finding that any stated quantity or material remained aboard Hawkins. It does not establish individual exposure, product manufacturer, condition, causation, or legal eligibility. Table extraction verified in the sibling batch-3788 DD-822 record for the same class.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-08
-
[10]Goodrich v. John Crane, Inc., No. 4:17cv9 (E.D. Va.), Omnibus Opinion and Order, ECF No. 171 (Sept. 28, 2018), 2018 WL 4677773, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168355 (CourtListener docket 6360247 under original caption Goodrich v. Air & Liquid Systems Corporation) [court_record]
- Locator
- Omnibus Opinion and Order, ECF No. 171; class-profile locator 'OCR pages 12, 19, 31' (unverified at this record level)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Internal Gearing-class profile research reports that the 28 September 2018 omnibus opinion in Goodrich v. John Crane, Inc., No. 4:17cv9 (E.D. Va.), 2018 WL 4677773, recites a Sumner/Gearing-class engineering drawing specifying amosite felts and asbestos cloths on forced-draft blower turbines and a partial tally of approximately 30.3 tons of asbestos thermal insulation/lagging in fire and engine rooms of Sumner/Gearing destroyers - litigation-record recitals of exhibit/expert materials relevant to this hull's class.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2018 (opinion); underlying materials concern 1940s-class construction
- Population
- Expert/technical materials bearing on Sumner/Gearing-class destroyers, including this hull's class
- Limitations
- Opinion existence, date, and citation verified via citing courts and the class-profile session; the specific drawing and tonnage recitals are reported by the internal class profile and NOT verified against the opinion text at this record level (full text not retrieved) - do not treat as established. Even if verified, exhibit recitals in an evidentiary opinion are not adjudicated findings, and the recited drawing/tally are class-level (Sumner/Gearing), not DD-873-specific. Underlying exhibits not retrieved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-09
-
[11]ships-exposure-map client dataset shipyards.json, entries boston-naval-shipyard, philadelphia-naval-shipyard, norfolk-naval-shipyard, newport-naval-station; no entry for Consolidated Steel Orange [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json yard_id fields; absence of any consolidated-steel/orange entry verified across all 37 yard records
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The Atlas shipyard dataset documents yard-level asbestos records for Boston Naval Shipyard (yard_id boston-naval-shipyard), Philadelphia Naval Shipyard (yard_id philadelphia-naval-shipyard), Norfolk Naval Shipyard (yard_id norfolk-naval-shipyard), and Naval Station Newport (yard_id newport-naval-station) - locations where DD-873 had documented presence (1945 radar-picket conversion at Norfolk; 1964-65 FRAM I at Boston; 1977-79 Naval Reserve training and 1979-83 lay-up at Philadelphia; Newport homeport 1949-60 and 1966-77). No yard entry exists for builder Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, Texas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1983
- Population
- Yard workforces and ship's company during availabilities and homeport periods
- Limitations
- Context only: yard-level product documentation does not transfer to any individual hull and is not evidence that asbestos work was performed on or encountered aboard DD-873 during conversion, FRAM, or lay-up periods. The 1945 conversion attribution combines DANFS ('arrived Norfolk 23 March 1945 to undergo conversion to a radar picket ship') with the Destroyer History Foundation's class history (the 1945 Gearing-class radar-picket conversions 'were carried out at Boston and Norfolk Navy Yards'; DD-873 was among the first twelve selected, January 1945) - shipyard-level attribution for this hull is supported but the specific work package is not documented. The builder yard (Consolidated Steel, Orange TX) is absent from the dataset - an explicit gap.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-10
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket searches, exact-name and hull-number queries, executed through authenticated fleet helpers cl-auth-search.py / cl-patient-search.py [court_record]
- Locator
- API v4 /search type=o and type=r; queries '"USS Hawkins"', '"DD-873"', 'Hawkins asbestos', '"USS Hawkins" OR "DDR-873"'
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Authenticated CourtListener v4 sweep completed via the required fleet helpers (6 queries across opinion and RECAP docket indexes). Exact-name opinion query '"USS Hawkins"' returned 3 opinions - all the Quailes Navy-discharge line (other litigation; see ev-06). Hull-number opinion query '"DD-873"' returned zero results. Broadened opinion query 'Hawkins asbestos' returned 449 hits, all surname/company-name collisions (Hawkins Construction, Hawkins v. Johns-Manville, etc.) - zero containing ship-context terms (USS Hawkins / DD-873 / aboard / destroyer). Exact-name RECAP queries '"USS Hawkins"' and '"USS Hawkins" OR "DDR-873"' each returned 1 docket - Quailes v. Spencer, D.D.C. No. 1:19-cv-02541 (NOS 442 civil-rights employment), the same non-asbestos case. Hull-number RECAP query '"DD-873"' returned 4 non-qualifying hits: United States v. Pekerman (N.D.N.Y. 1:03-cr-00197), the MDL-875 consolidated asbestos master docket (a bare 'DD-873' string in the consolidated index is not a case naming the hull), In re Enron Creditors Recovery Corp. (S.D.N.Y. bankruptcy appeal), and In re Seroquel Products Liability Litigation (M.D. Fla. MDL). NO qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1991-2023 (dated hits)
- Population
- Litigation records naming or referencing this hull
- Limitations
- Sweep is index-bounded: CourtListener covers published federal opinions and PACER-harvested RECAP dockets; unreported, state-court, settled, or non-digitized claims are outside its coverage - zero qualifying hits does not prove no claim was ever asserted. Requests were intermittently paced by the fleet-wide request budget (multiple stand-downs obeyed; patient-helper retries used); all six planned queries completed, per-query rows in search_ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-11
-
[13]Negative finding across reviewed corpus: DANFS/NHHC (ibiblio mirror), NHC Online Library, NARA digitized deck-log index, NavSource, navysite.de, TELDAP, Navypedia, VA herbicide ships list (2021), CourtListener opinion/RECAP indexes, Atlas shipyard dataset [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-hawkins-dd873-01 through -20
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos-containing-material survey, abatement record, material inventory, construction specification, overhaul work package, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming the hull was located in the reviewed sources. The hull was sold to Taiwan in 1983 and scrapped there after 1998 - outside U.S. museum, MARAD, and domestic-disposal documentation channels that produce asbestos records for surviving or scrapped-in-U.S. hulls; the sole surviving structure (forward superstructure at the ROC Naval Academy, Zuoying) carries no public hazmat documentation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1998
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Absence of located records is not proof of absence: deck logs for this hull are not in NARA's digitized index (hull absent from the online list), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) engineering records for the 1945 conversion and 1964-65 FRAM availability were not searched at item level, and Taiwan-era maintenance/scrapping records are outside U.S. public channels. CourtListener index coverage does not exclude state-court, unreported, or settled claims.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hawkins-dd873-12