Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
-
[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Naval History Division - 'Holland' (AS-3) entry, transcribed at HyperWar/ibiblio [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS AS-3 entry (full text); canonical NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-26 - standing NHHC link rot documented in BATCH-01 report; HyperWar transcription used
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS service record for the second USS Holland (AS-3): launched by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA 1926-04-12; commissioned 1926-06-01, CDR John B. Earle; flagship duty for submarine division/squadron commanders at San Diego with Panama tours 1926-1941 (incl. flagship of Capt. Chester W. Nimitz from 1930-11-05); arrived Cavite 1941-11-22 to service Asiatic Fleet submarines; escaped Manila Bay under night cover during the December air raids, survived two air raids at Balikpapan, repaired a battle-damaged submarine at Soerabaja, reached Port Darwin 1942-01-02; evacuated RADM Charles A. Lockwood Jr. and Asiatic Fleet Submarine Force staff from Tjilatjap 1942-02-03; Navy Unit Commendation for the first months of the war; Mare Island Navy Yard overhaul late February 1943; Pearl Harbor-based from June 1943 with 22 submarine refits and 13 repair jobs in 11 months; Midway Atoll 1944-06-01; Marianas submarine support from July 1944; fitted at Pearl Harbor late November 1944 as headquarters ship for VADM Lockwood, ComSubPac; Guam from January 1945; war totals 55 submarine refits, repair/service to 20 surface craft, and shore-installation jobs; began ARG-18 repair-ship career 1945-08-30; ComServRon10 flagship at Buckner Bay and Tokyo Bay (anchored 1945-09-29); departed 1946-06-06 for San Diego (arrived 06-28); inactivation overhaul at Terminal Island Navy Yard; decommissioned San Diego 1947-03-21; Pacific Reserve Fleet San Diego group; stricken 1952-06-18; hull sold for scrapping 1953-10-03 to Bethlehem Steel Co.; two battle stars and NUC.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1926-1953
- Population
- Ship's complement (~388-456) and tended submarine crews
- Limitations
- Operational history only - DANFS contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos statement. DANFS prints 'arrived in San Francisco ... on 24 April' before the stated 1 June commissioning - sequence reported as printed, not resolved. DANFS stat block gives complement 388 and armament '8 5", 4 3"' consistent with the 1926 configuration. Does not establish asbestos presence, quantity, location, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-01
-
[2]Shipscribe.com U.S. Navy Auxiliary Ships register, USS Holland (AS-3) class page (Stephen S. Roberts; construction table, class notes, ship notes) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AS03 class page: spec block, Construction table (Ord. 6 Dec 19; Keel 11 Apr 21; Launch 12 Apr 26; Commiss. 1 Jun 26), Disposition table, Class Notes, Ship Notes ('To ARG-18 20 Sep 45. In USN reserve 1946-50. On disposal list 7 Apr 50. Sold by Navy to Bethlehem Steel Co.')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary register data for HOLLAND (AS-3): ordered from Puget Sound Navy Yard 1919-12-06; keel 1921-04-11; launched 1926-04-12; commissioned 1926-06-01. Design: FY1918 fleet submarine tender; BuC&R preliminary designs December 1917; larger (destroyer-tender-derived) scheme approved by SecNav 1918-05-11; machinery spaces essentially duplicated the destroyer-tender design. Register data: 8,008 light / 11,570 full tons; 513.1' oa x 61.1' x 22.75' mean; Parsons geared turbine, 1 screw, 7,000 HP, 15.87 kts; original armament 8-5"/51, 4-3"/50 plus one submerged 21" torpedo tube (removed by the 1930s); rearmed at Mare Island overhaul Feb-May 1943 to 4-5"/38, 4-40mm twin, 12-20mm; complement 456 (1929). ARG conversion: CinCPac plan mid-April 1945, CNO authorization 1945-05-03, conversion executed largely by ship's force at Guam (gun mounts removed in drydock USS ABSD-6); CNO recommended reclassification 1945-08-28, SecNav approved 1945-08-31, effective AS-3 to ARG-18 1945-09-20; released from Submarine Force 1945-09-15; ComServRon10 flagship/ARG in Japanese and Chinese ports 1945-09-29 to 1946-06-06. On disposal list 1950-04-07; sold by Navy to Bethlehem Steel Co. Sister conversions: BEAVER AS-5 to ARG-19, OTUS AS-20 to AGP-21/ARG-20.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1953
- Limitations
- Register-level construction/milestone data compiled from Navy records - the closest digitized equivalent to the ship's NVR/SDS record; contains no asbestos or materials statement. Documents the yard timeline (Mare Island 1943, Pearl Harbor 1944-45 conversions) as events; any asbestos scope within those events is inference only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-02
-
[3]NavSource Online Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Holland (AS-3/ARG-18) page 09/36/3603 (volunteer archive; captions cite NHHC Stillwater collection photos via Shipscribe) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 3603 page: construction block, campaign and medal tables, NHHC-sourced photo captions (ABSD-6 conversion; Shanghai 1945-11-05 and 1946-02-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource photo archive record for USS Holland (ARG-18) ex-AS-3: laid down 1921-04-11 Puget Sound Navy Yard; commissioned 1926-06-01; Asiatic-Pacific campaign credits - Philippine Islands operation 1941-12-08 to 1942-01-02 and Marianas operation (capture/occupation of Saipan) 1944-07-29 to 08-10; reclassified ARG-18 listed as 1945-08-30; Navy Occupation Service Medal and China Service Medal (extended) periods 1945-09-20 to 1946-06-07; decommissioned San Diego 1947-03-21; stricken 1952-06-18; sold for scrapping 1953-10-03 to Bethlehem Steel Co.; two battle stars + NUC. Photograph captions document the August 1945 ARG conversion in floating drydock USS ABSD-6 at Apra Harbor (Mounts 52/53 removed) and Shanghai service from 1945-11-05.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1921-1953
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archive corroborating DANFS dates - not itself an official record, but campaign/medal entries match official Asiatic-Pacific campaign lists. Prints ARG-18 reclassification as 1945-08-30; Shipscribe documents the effective date as 1945-09-20 (CNO recommendation 08-28, SecNav approval 08-31) - discrepancy carried in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-03
-
[4]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 11(3):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311; ship's steam plant and repair mission per DANFS/Shipscribe (ev-01, ev-02)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents extensive use of asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, gaskets, and refractory materials in U.S. naval/shipyard construction in the WWII era and its regulatory/policy context. This hull is a steam-turbine submarine tender completed 1926 - an era when magnesia/asbestos lagging was standard marine practice on steam plants - and her tender mission involved machine-shop fabrication and refit work disturbing insulated submarine systems (55 documented submarine refits, 1941-45). Asbestos presence aboard this specific hull is era inference, not ship-proven.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1921-1946 (ship); article scope WWII
- Population
- Interwar/WWII-era shipyard workers and ship's repair/engineering crew (class context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship on WWII shipbuilding - the article's scope postdates this hull's 1921-26 construction, so inference here is weaker than for WWII-built hulls and rests on general interwar steam-plant practice rather than a design document for this ship. Does not name this vessel or class; establishes nothing about asbestos quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation aboard this hull. Typical inferred applications for the type: boiler and steam-line lagging; flange gaskets; valve and machinery packing; turbine insulation; repair-shop insulation stores.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-04
-
[5]Shipscribe AS-3 class notes (1943 Mare Island rearm; 1944-45 Pearl Harbor flagship conversion; Terminal Island inactivation) + DANFS (same events) + disposal record [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe class notes paragraphs on 1942-43 rearm and 1944-45 conversion; DANFS inactivation passage; Shipscribe Ship Notes disposal line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented navy-yard touchpoints for this hull: construction at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton (ordered 1919-12-06; on the ways 1921-04-11 to 1926-04-12); overhaul at Mare Island Navy Yard February-May 1943 (rearm to 4-5"/38 plus 40mm twins); conversion overhaul at Pearl Harbor November 1944-January 1945 (flagship fit: additional generators, radio/command spaces, raised mainmast); inactivation overhaul at Terminal Island Navy Yard, San Pedro (1946, after 06-28 San Diego arrival); disposal by sale to Bethlehem Steel Co. 1953-10-03. All are documented events in DANFS and the Shipscribe register; every yard named is independently associated with asbestos-era naval work.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1921-1954
- Population
- Yard workers and ship's force at Puget Sound (1921-26), Mare Island (1943), Pearl Harbor (1944-45), Terminal Island (1946); Bethlehem Steel dismantling crews (1953-54)
- Limitations
- Documents where and when the hull was worked on - NOT what materials were disturbed. No asbestos scope is documented for any of these yard events; asbestos-relevant activity (insulation rip-out, gasket/packing renewal, machinery-space work) is era/yard inference only. Terminal Island Navy Yard and the Bethlehem Steel scrapyard are not Atlas shipyards.json entries - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-05
-
[6]U.S. EPA Superfund Site Profile, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Complex, Bremerton WA (EPA ID WA2170023418 / cumulis id 1001107); PSNS Complex Federal Facility Agreement [other_primary]
- Locator
- EPA Superfund profile, site description and OU status; EPA Federal Facility Agreement PDF (NPL listing June 1994, OU structure)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- EPA Superfund site profile: the builder yard, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard Complex (Bremerton, WA), was placed on the National Priorities List in June 1994 as a ~650-acre federal facility site addressing petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, VOCs, SVOCs, and PCBs from overhaul/maintenance/modernization/repair/docking/decommissioning work; remedial actions proceed under a federal facility agreement with EPA and Washington State Ecology.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1994-present (listing); site operations 1891-present
- Population
- PSNS workforce and Bremerton environs (cleanup era)
- Limitations
- Yard-level hazardous-waste documentation - the EPA profile does not name asbestos and documents site contamination decades after this hull's 1921-26 construction. Establishes nothing about materials aboard this hull; provided only as context for the construction yard (Atlas shipyard slug puget-sound-naval-shipyard).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-06
-
[7]CourtListener API v4 via fleet-authenticated helper cl-auth-search.py (planned queries: '"USS Holland"' type=o; '"AS-3" asbestos'; '"ARG-18"'; Holland-collision classification incl. Holland America Line cruise-ship litigation) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-holland-as3-08 through sl-uss-holland-as3-10
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search by exact ship name and hull number: INCOMPLETE at draft time - the authenticated fleet-shared CourtListener request budget was spent (helper script cl-auth-search.py returned its fleet-pacing stand-down notice on each spaced attempt); queries planned: '"USS Holland"' type=o; '"AS-3" asbestos' type=o; '"ARG-18"' type=o; '"Holland" + "submarine tender"' collision sweep. Ship-name and hull-number litigation status UNRESOLVED pending a pacing window; if it remains unresolved at commit, this row stands as a documented blocked sweep, not a negative finding.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Blocked search is not a negative finding: no CourtListener result, qualifying or otherwise, was obtained while drafting. 'Holland' is a high-collision term - Holland America Line is a recurring asbestos defendant (cruise/passenger vessels, unrelated hulls) and 'Holland' is a common surname - so unclassified volume hits must not be read as this hull's litigation. Absence of located litigation does not establish that no claimant ever alleged exposure aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-07
-
[8]Batch-2714 search ledger (this record): DANFS/HyperWar; Shipscribe usnaux AS03; NavSource 09/36/3603; MARAD ShipHistory (AS-32 only - AS-3 never in MARAD custody); NVR (pre-1987 disposal excluded); EPA PSNS; web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-holland-as3-01 through sl-uss-holland-as3-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for this hull: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Holland (AS-3/ARG-18) was found in the public sources searched (DANFS, Shipscribe register, NavSource, MARAD ShipHistory, NVR, EPA, general web). The only web-visible 'Holland' asbestos listings name USS Holland (AS-32) - a different hull built 1963 - not this ship; no qualifying competitor/compendium claim for AS-3 exists to exclude.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a steam-turbine ship completed 1926 and worked at asbestos-era navy yards is era-consistent with installed ACM. Does not establish presence or absence, quantity, condition, individual exposure, or legal eligibility. CourtListener sweep status carried separately (ev-07).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-08
-
[9]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Naval Personnel - deck logs), RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments - navy yard records), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) [other_primary]
- Locator
- RG 181 sections 181.3.11 (Puget Sound NYd), 181.3.3 (Mare Island NYd), 181.3.7 (Pearl Harbor NYd); guide landing pages https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html and /019.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads not retrieved (no paid reproduction, research-room, or FOIA work authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel) deck logs for USS Holland 1926-1947, including WWII logs documenting alongside-submarine repair work - the closest primary operational record; (b) NARA RG 181 navy-yard records - Puget Sound Navy Yard files (181.3.11, NARA-Seattle) for 1921-26 construction/outfitting specifications, Mare Island Navy Yard (181.3.3) for the Feb-May 1943 overhaul work orders, Pearl Harbor Navy Yard (181.3.7) for the 1944-45 flagship conversion; (c) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Construction and Repair / Bureau of Ships design files for the FY1918 fleet submarine tender (the design-level materials document closest to a construction spec).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1921-1954 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull in these files is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-holland-as3-09