Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet k-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-pkt-k-packet-md
-
[2]Pacific Marine Review, vol. 19 (1922): Bethlehem Sparrows Point new-construction table (hull 4196 entry, March 1922 issue) and 'Shipping Board program is nearing an end' item (Pan-America ex-Palmetto State; 19.5-knot trial) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- New-construction table, Bethlehem Shpbldg. Corp. Sparrows Point Plant (table printed p.~178, March 1922 issue; same table also printed in an earlier 1922 monthly installment); program-close item naming Pan-America ex-Palmetto State
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous construction record: 'Palmetto State, hull 4196, combination USSB; 518 LBP; 72 beam; 30-7 loaded draft; 16 loaded speed; turb eng, 10,000 IHP; 8 Yarrows boilers; keel Feb19/19; launch June 4/21' - Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Sparrows Point plant new-construction table. A second 1922 item names her 'the Pan-America, formerly Palmetto State', sister to Western World (ex-Nutmeg State), and records 19.5 knots on her twelve-hour trial.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1919-1922
- Population
- Shipyard workforce, Bethlehem Sparrows Point (1919-1922 construction)
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous trade-press record of construction milestones and plant spec; scan verified directly (keel 19 Feb 1919 - resolves NavSource's 'laid down 1921'). Contains no asbestos or materials content - supports identity/construction only, not exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-01
-
[3]Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images: 'USS Hunter Liggett (AP-27, later APA-14), 1941-1946' and 'USAT Hunter Liggett (Transport, 1939-1941)' - HyperWar/ibiblio transcription of NHHC pages [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC Online Library ship pages; companion USAT page https://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/sh-us-cs/army-sh/usash-hl/hntr-lgt.htm ; live history.navy.mil DANFS/Online-Library URLs return 404 (NHHC link rot, same as Batch-01)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Naval Historical Center biography: USS Hunter Liggett, a 21,900-ton transport completed at Sparrows Point, MD, in 1922 as the civilian passenger ship Pan America; served 1939-1941 as U.S. Army Transport Hunter Liggett; Navy took her over and commissioned her June 1941 with a crew of U.S. Coast Guard officers and men; Atlantic service then South Pacific April 1942; Guadalcanal-Tulagi invasion August 1942 and Guadalcanal campaign support to February 1943; reclassified attack transport APA-14; Bougainville landings November 1943; amphibious training ship at San Diego from April 1944; Operation Magic Carpet; decommissioned March 1946 and returned to the Army; sold for scrapping late January 1948. Companion NHHC USAT page: 13,712 gross tons; turned over to War Department February 1939; converted for military use; first voyage April 1939 New York-San Francisco via Panama Canal; Navy takeover June 1941; returned to Army March 1946; sold for scrapping January 1948.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1922-1948
- Limitations
- Official Navy ship biography; authoritative for identity, timeline, and operations. Gives no struck date, no construction detail beyond completion place/date, and no asbestos or materials information - supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-02
-
[4]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'USS Hunter Liggett - USAT; AP-27; APA-14' cutter-history fact sheet (webcutters series); sources cited therein: Cutter History File; Coast Guard at War Vol. V; DANFS [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback Machine capture 2016-04-03 of uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Hunter_Liggett.pdf (USCG Historian's Office publication; live history.uscg.mil asset page 403s automated fetches)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office ship fact sheet: built as SS Palmetto State in 1922 under U.S. Shipping Board contract with Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation of Sparrow Point, MD; entered commercial service 25 February 1922; renamed Pan America; transferred to the Army and renamed Hunter Liggett February 1939; operated New York-San Francisco and West Coast-Hawaii until 27 May 1941, when turned over to the Navy; converted at Brooklyn Navy Yard; commissioned AP-27 on 9 June 1941 (CAPT L. W. Perkins, USCG); reclassified APA-14 on 1 February 1943; four battle stars for WWII service; decommissioned 18 March 1946; sold to Boston Metals Company 30 January 1948 and scrapped. Specs: 535 ft, 72-ft beam, 31-ft-3-in draft, 21,900 tons, 15 knots, complement 824, armament 4 x 3-inch.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1922-1948
- Population
- Coast Guard officers and crew manning the vessel 1941-1946
- Limitations
- Official USCG historian publication; authoritative for timeline, crew service (Coast Guard-manned), and award count. Contains no asbestos or materials information - supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - HUNTER LIGGETT (AP-27 / APA-14), Ship History Detail 2278 (incl. digitized status cards and Navy photo captions) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail/2278: specifications block, milestones table, status-card images 2278_4237AF.jpg / 2278_4237AB.jpg / 36U_01.png, photo captions (Mare Island Navy Yard, 1 April 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record for HUNTER LIGGETT (AP-27/APA-14), detail 2278: year built 1922; official number 221930; shipyard Bethlehem Steel Shipbuilding Division; MARAD type USSB 1029; length 517.00 ft, beam 72.20 ft, gross 14,730 tons, displacement 21,900 summer / 13,529 lightweight; fate 'Sold - No Further Info.' Milestones: custody Entry and Acquisition 6 September 1946; Disposition and Withdrawal 30 January 1948, status-card annotation 'CUST 46ex-PAN AMER.' confirming the hull as ex-Pan America. Nine digitized U.S. Navy/Coast Guard photographs on file include Mare Island Navy Yard alteration views dated 1 April 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1946-1948
- Limitations
- Authoritative for Maritime Commission custody and disposal milestones; confirms 30 January 1948 disposition and the Pan America identity link. Contains no asbestos or materials information; 'Sold - No Further Info' leaves breaker details to the USCG account (Boston Metals Co.).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-04
-
[6]U.S. Coast Guard, 'The Coast Guard at War: Transports & Escorts, Vol. II - Transports' (Historical Section, Public Information Division, USCG Headquarters, 1 May 1949), 'USS HUNTER LIGGETT (APA-14)' chapter - HyperWar/ibiblio transcription [other_primary]
- Locator
- 'USS HUNTER LIGGETT (APA-14)' chapter (printed pp. 29-33 of the Transports volume)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official U.S. Coast Guard war history 'The Coast Guard at War: Transports & Escorts, Vol. II - Transports' (1 May 1949), 'USS HUNTER LIGGETT (APA-14)' chapter: 19-year-old ship commissioned at New York 9 June 1941 under Comdr. Louis W. Perkins USCG with 51 Coast Guard officers and 634 Coast Guard crew; conversion work began at Brooklyn June 1941 with post-Pearl Harbor work at 'the Bethlehem Shipyard, Brooklyn' interrupted by training operations (landing exercises began at Onslow Bay, N.C., June 1941); departed New York 9 April 1942 via Balboa and Tongatabu, arriving Wellington 28 May; flagship of Transport Group X-RAY for Guadalcanal; gunners downed four attacking bombers 8 August 1942; 686 Savo Island survivors taken aboard 9 August 1942; Wellington drydock/overhaul September-October 1942; flagship Cape Torokina/Bougainville 1 and 13 November 1943; extensive repairs at Oakland December 1943-3 April 1944; amphibious training ship San Diego to December 1944; Magic Carpet voyages; Coast Guard crew removed at Olympia, WA, 18 March 1946. Ship known as 'Lucky Liggett'; carried 35 landing boats, bunks for 1,600 troops (2,085 maximum carried).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Coast Guard crew (51 officers + 634 enlisted at commissioning); embarked troops up to 2,085
- Limitations
- Official service-history monograph; strong for operational detail, command chain, crew count, and yard periods (Brooklyn conversion 1941; Wellington drydock 1942; Oakland repairs 1943-44). Contains no asbestos or materials information - supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-05
-
[7]Fleischer, W.E., and Viles, F.J. Jr., 'A Health Survey of Pipe Covering Operations in Constructing Naval Vessels,' Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 28:9-16 (January 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract/bibliographic record, PubMed PMID 21016030 (verified via NCBI E-utilities, 2026-09-25)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed U.S. Public Health Service industrial-hygiene survey documents that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' (South African amphibole asbestos), surveying pipe-covering operations in two Government Navy yards and two Navy contract yards during the construction/conversion era this vessel passed through (Brooklyn Navy Yard conversion June 1941; subsequent wartime availabilities).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- WWII-era survey published January 1946
- Population
- Navy yard pipe-covering trades (wartime construction/conversion)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation of asbestos pipe covering in Navy-vessel construction; surveyed yards are anonymized and Brooklyn Navy Yard is not identified specifically; does not name this hull or establish asbestos installed, quantity, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-06
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the program under which this 1922 passenger liner was converted to a naval transport (Brooklyn Navy Yard, June 1941) and operated under Navy control through 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Era/program-level scholarship of WWII shipbuilding asbestos use; covers the 1941-46 Navy conversion/operation era but not the 1919-22 commercial construction; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was installed or present aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-07
-
[9]Pacific Marine Review vol. 19 (1922) construction table vs. NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive compiled entry ('Laid down in 1921') [reputable_press]
- Locator
- PMR March 1922 new-construction table, hull 4196 row (scan leaf verified); NavSource 10/03/03014.htm header block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Laid-down date discrepancy resolved in favor of the contemporaneous record: Pacific Marine Review's March 1922 Bethlehem Sparrows Point new-construction table (scan verified directly) records 'keel Feb19/19' - 19 February 1919 - for hull 4196 Palmetto State, against NavSource's compiled 'Laid down in 1921.' The long ways interval (keel Feb 1919 to launch 4 June 1921) is consistent with the post-Armistice EFC program slowdown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1919-1921
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous printed table read off the page scan; the laydown date is adopted as 19 February 1919 and NavSource's '1921' treated as a compilation error. Other secondary-source date variances (transfer 27 May vs 3 June 1941; decommission 18 vs 19 March 1946; battle stars 4 vs 3) are logged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-08
-
[10]Batch-2210 search ledger (this record): NHHC Online Library/HyperWar; USCG Historian's Office fact sheet and 1949 war history; MARAD ShipHistory 2278; NavSource; Pacific Marine Review 1922; CourtListener API v4 opinion searches; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Hunter Liggett/AP-27/APA-14 was found in the public sources searched. The hull was scrapped in 1948, decades before asbestos documentation became routine; no museum, memorial, or NDRF retention period produced a modern hazmat record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25 search date
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1919-22 steam liner rebuilt at a Navy yard in 1941 is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation; scrapping in 1948 predates asbestos survey practice. Docket-level coverage is metadata-level (no document pulls); a ship-list mention inside a colliding docket would be a pleading allegation, not a finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-09
-
[11]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Hunter Liggett (APA-14) page - compiled from DANFS, NHHC photos, and Friedman's U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/03/03014.htm header/spec/campaign block (navsource.net mirror also indexed)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compiled ship record: stricken from the Naval Register 28 March 1946; decommissioned 19 March 1946 at Olympia, WA (conflicts with USCG's 18 March); returned to Maritime Commission 6 September 1946 for layup in NDRF Olympia; sold for scrapping to Boston Metals Co., Baltimore, MD, 30 January 1948; TransRon Ten flagship (CAPT B. Bartlett USN); campaigns - Guadalcanal-Tulagi landings 7-9 August 1942, capture/defense of Guadalcanal 4 November 1942, consolidation of southern Solomons 7 April 1943, Treasury-Bougainville operation (Cape Torokina) 1 and 13 November 1943; spec block compiled from Friedman.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1941-1948 compiled
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archive citing authoritative sources (Friedman/USNI Press; NHHC photos) - used for struck date, campaign list, and spec detail the official biographies omit; flagged partial because it is secondary compilation with internal inconsistencies (19 vs 18 March decommission; 'laid down 1921' vs PMR keel 1919; 'Pan American' vs official 'Pan America'; 'Bath Iron Works' turbines vs 'Bethlehem Steel Curtis').
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-10
-
[12]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 32 (U.S. Shipping Board incl. EFC), RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - ship logs), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 181 (Naval Districts/Shore Establishments), RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard), RG 92 (Quartermaster General) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Guide URLs verified 200: /groups/032.html, /024.html, /019.html, /181.html, /026.html, /092.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 32 (Records of the U.S. Shipping Board, incl. EFC Construction Organization records 1917-28) for original construction of Bethlehem hull 4196; RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel) for the ship's deck logs 1941-46; RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) for 1941 transport-conversion correspondence; RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments) for Brooklyn Navy Yard conversion records; RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard) for unit/log records of the Coast Guard-manned crew; RG 92 (Office of the Quartermaster General) for the 1939-41 USAT period.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1919-1948
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-hunter-liggett-apa14-11