Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet gd-packet.md (1 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-ingraham-dd694-pkt-gd-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Ingraham III (DD-694) (specifications block + service narrative + bracketed striking/transfer note; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page returns 404; parallel transcription at hazegray.org corroborates text verbatim) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, DD-694 specifications block + service narrative + bracketed postscript note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: launched 16 January 1944 by Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny, N.J.; sponsored by Mrs. George Ingraham Hutchinson; commissioned 10 March 1944, Comdr. H. W. Gordon in command. Pacific service: screening carriers for Luzon strikes Nov 1944; Mindoro assault Dec 1944 (with Barton, sank a Japanese cargo ship off SW Mindoro 15 Dec); Lingayen Gulf Jan 1945; fast carrier strikes on the Japanese homeland; call fire off Iwo Jima from 23 Feb; radar picket for Okinawa-Gunto from 21 Mar; on 5 May 1945 shot down four attacking planes before a fifth crashed above the waterline port side, its bomb exploding in the generator room - 51 casualties, one gun operative; repairs at Hunter's Point, Calif. Bikini atomic tests May 1946; Far East 1947 (Manila, Philippine independence anniversary); shift to Norfolk Apr 1949; 6th Fleet tours 1950-52; Korea - escorted Lake Champlain to Japan Apr-Jun 1953, joined the carrier task force; Med/NATO cycles 1954-59 with overhauls at Portsmouth, Va. (Sep 1959; extensive 8-month overhaul beginning Mar 1961); new homeport Newport, R.I. Feb 1962; Project Mercury Sigma 7 recovery area and Cuban blockade Sep-Oct 1962; Mediterranean Oct 1963; Vietnam Nov 1965-Feb 1966 - screened Ticonderoga (CVA-14), steamed 10 miles up the Saigon River to bombard a supply base 12 Nov 1965, Soviet-submarine surveillance off Hainan Island Dec 1965; Med from Dec 1966. Struck from the Navy list 16 July 1971 and transferred to Greece as Miaoulis (bracketed note). Navy Unit Commendation (Okinawa); four WWII battle stars; one Korean battle star. Spec block: Allen M. Sumner class, 2,200 t, 376'6", 40' beam, 34 kt, complement 336.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1943-44; wartime and postwar crew (design complement 336)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. DANFS states no laid-down date (4 Aug 1943 carried from NavSource) and no decommissioning date; the narrative ends December 1966 (Vol. III compiled during service), so 1967-1971 operations are undocumented here. Mirror transcriptions cited because the live NHHC page returns 404.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-01
-
[3]NavSource Naval History, Destroyer Photo Index DD-694 USS Ingraham (operational/building data, FRAM upgrade line, Greek-service disposition; Wayback capture 2025-02-12 - live navsource.org fetch failed) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DD-694 page, 'Operational and Building Data' block + 'Fate' line + photo caption naming HNS Miaoulis D-211
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compilation record for this hull: laid down by Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny NJ, 4 August 1943; launched 16 January 1944; commissioned 10 March 1944; completed FRAM upgrade December 1961; decommissioned 16 July 1971; stricken 16 July 1971; to Greece 16 July 1971, renamed Miaoulis (HNS Miaoulis, D-211); stricken by Greece 1992; sunk as target 9 October 2001 during an exercise of the Greek Navy. Machinery line: 60,000 SHP, General Electric geared turbines, 2 screws; crew 336; as-built armament 6 x 5"/38AA (3x2).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-2001
- Population
- Crew 1944-1971; Hellenic Navy crew 1971-1992
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained archival compilation, not a primary document. Decommission date (1971-07-16) conflicts with navysite.de's 1971-06-15 - carried in gaps. Laid-down date consistent with navysite and the class member table; navypedia lists '4.4.1943' (ambiguous) - noted in gaps. Speed 36.5 kt vs DANFS 34 kt - DANFS carried. Greek-service particulars trace to secondary references, not a Hellenic Navy record located directly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-02
-
[4]navysite.de, USS Ingraham (DD 694) ship page - 'FRAM II Conversion Shipyard: Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Norfolk, Va.; FRAM II Conversion Period: April 1961 - December 1961' (compilation; corroborated by NavSource 'FRAM upgrade ... December 1961' and DANFS 'extensive 8-month overhaul at Portsmouth' beginning spring 1961) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navysite.de/dd/dd694.htm specifications block (FRAM II shipyard + period); DANFS narrative (1959 and 1961 Portsmouth overhauls; 1945 Hunter's Point repairs)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented hull-level modernization event: this ship underwent a FRAM II (Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization) conversion at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Va., April-December 1961 - a deep overhaul of a 1943-44 hull in the pre-substitution era (Navy asbestos substitution did not begin until the early 1970s per GAO HRD-80-2). Post-FRAM configuration per navysite: two DASH drone helicopters, ASW torpedo tubes, Hedgehogs. The 1959 Portsmouth overhaul (September 1959 onward per DANFS) and June 1955 overhaul are additional documented yard periods; yards for the 1945 battle-damage repair (Hunter's Point, Calif.) and the post-Bikini overhaul are also documented events.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1945-1961 (yard/modernization events)
- Population
- Norfolk Naval Shipyard trades 1959 and 1961; crew during yard periods; Hunter's Point trades 1945
- Limitations
- The conversion is documented; any asbestos rip-out, replacement, or abatement performed within it is inference - no work package, material schedule, or abatement record for this hull was located. navysite.de is a private compilation - cited because it is the only located source naming the conversion yard and month window; consistent with DANFS and NavSource on the event itself. 'Portsmouth' in DANFS = the Norfolk Naval Shipyard facility at Portsmouth, Va.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-03
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels 1945' Vol. I (shipscribe.com scan), DD class design data + Atlas shipyard dataset, Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. (Kearny NJ) record incl. 1944 Owens-Illinois industrial-health survey of insulation work [other_primary]
- Locator
- BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. I, DD design section; shipyards.json record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' (evidence_tier 2, ev-federal-kearny-ihs-1944)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: this Sumner-class destroyer was built 1943-44 at Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock, Kearny NJ, to the class-standard plant (4 boilers; 2 General Electric geared steam turbines; 60,000 shp; 2 shafts). A steam plant of that design and era would have carried period-standard asbestos insulation, lagging, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing. The builder yard is documented at yard level in the Atlas dataset (tier 2): an Owens-Illinois Industrial Health Survey of the Kearny yard (30 Aug-2 Sep 1944) documented insulator work with asbestos pipe covering (Johns-Manville Superex) and boiler insulation (Kaylo) in confined shipyard spaces, with dust counts measured during cutting and fitting. NARA RG19 'General Information Books' holding per-vessel material specifications are an archival lead for hull-level specs.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1943-44; crew 1944-71
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - no ship-specific document establishes asbestos products aboard this hull. The 1944 yard survey postdates this hull's March 1944 commissioning and describes yard conditions and products, not this ship's outfit. NARA GIB retrieval not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - placing this hull's entire construction and U.S. commissioned-service life (1943-1971), including the 1961 FRAM II conversion, inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1979 (report); 1940s-1970s (era described)
- Population
- Navy ship workers generally (program level)
- Limitations
- Program-level finding; does not name this hull, this class, or this yard (GAO fieldwork was at other yards). Era context only - establishes the period regime, not materials aboard DD-694. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches; product-page description used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-05
-
[7]Viscosi v. American Optical Corp. et al., No. 3:07-cv-1559 (SRU) (D. Conn.), Ruling on Motion to Remand, Doc. 64 (Sept. 29, 2008, Underhill, J.) [court_record]
- Locator
- D. Conn. Doc. 64 pp. 2-3 (background reciting discovery responses) and p. 12 (timeliness discussion); ecf.ctd.uscourts.gov show_public_doc?2007cv1559-64
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Published federal remand ruling naming this hull (full text reviewed): the court recites that discovery responses indicated Louis Viscosi's asbestos exposure 'occurred at a number of sites, both naval and civilian, including on board the USS Ingraham from 1949-1952 while working as a fireman/boiler tender,' and that supplemental discovery responses 'explicitly indicated that a Buffalo Pumps product was installed on the U.S.S. Ingraham and described Viscosi's exposure to asbestos while on the USS Ingraham, including the details of his exposure.' Defendant Buffalo Pumps removed under the federal officer removal statute (28 U.S.C. s. 1442) asserting a military-contractor defense; the court held removal untimely and granted remand to Connecticut state court. During 1949-1952 the only commissioned USS Ingraham was DD-694 (DD-444 sunk 1942; FFG-61 not yet built).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1949-1952 (alleged exposure window); 2003-2008 (litigation)
- Population
- Louis V. Viscosi (USN fireman/boiler tender 1947-1952, aboard USS Ingraham 1949-1952 per the recited discovery); estate administratrix Sandra L. Viscosi
- Limitations
- Pleading/discovery-stage recital in a procedural ruling - the exposure allegation and the Buffalo Pumps product-identification allegation are recited, not adjudicated; remand resolves jurisdiction only and establishes no merits finding. Does not establish causation, does not quantify asbestos aboard, and does not identify which products aboard were asbestos-containing beyond the alleged Buffalo Pumps device. State-court merits history after remand not located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-06
-
[8]Greenleaf v. Atlas Copco Compressors, L.L.C. et al., No. 3:14-cv-00051 (S.D. Ill.), Document 377 (2015) - written order reciting plaintiff's deposition service history [court_record]
- Locator
- Greenleaf v. Atlas Copco, S.D. Ill. 3:14-cv-00051, Doc. 377 (facts section reciting Doc. 239-1 deposition pp. 48-50); Justia index text
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Federal written order in an asbestos personal-injury case reciting the plaintiff's service history from his deposition: 'In 1969, Plaintiff was stationed on the USS Tweedy and USS Ingraham' (citing Doc. 239-1, pp. 48-50). The same recital describes engineering-space work aboard multiple vessels and plaintiff testimony that 'the machinery required asbestos insulation to enable the men to work in the space.' In 1969 the only commissioned USS Ingraham was DD-694. The asbestos docket is confirmed by the CourtListener index (cause 28:1441 removal; suitNature '368 P.I.: Asbestos').
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1969 (alleged aboard window); 2015 (order)
- Population
- Greenleaf plaintiff (USN 1957-1980; fireman/helper to machinist mates; stationed aboard USS Ingraham in 1969 per deposition)
- Limitations
- Deposition testimony recited in a court order - allegation/discovery record, not an adjudicated finding that exposure occurred aboard this hull; the service-history passage aggregates many vessels and does not tie a specific product or task to DD-694. Verified via the verbatim passage in Justia's indexed opinion text; the full Doc. 377 PDF was not independently retrieved (law.justia.com 403 to automated fetch) and the order's holding on the pending motions is not described here. Whether the plaintiff's Ingraham service figured in any defendant's product-identification case is unresolved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-07
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 sweeps, 2026-09-27 (authenticated via cl-auth-search.py; type=o and type=r): 'USS Ingraham'; 'DD-694'; 'DD-694 OR DD 694'; 'USS Ingraham' + 'DD-694' [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-ingraham-dd694-07 through -11; CourtListener dockets 4174328 (Redman), 5725333 (Shonkwiler); ecf.ctd.uscourts.gov Viscosi Doc. 64; law.justia.com Greenleaf Doc. 377; exa.ai mirror of Brown remand order (Gardephe, J., 2020-03-09)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Sweep results for this hull's litigation surface. Opinion sweeps: 'USS Ingraham' returned one hit - United States v. Oakley, NMCCA 201200299 (N-M. Ct. Crim. App. 2015), a sexual-assault court-martial whose service window and convening authority identify namesake FFG-61 - name collision, not asbestos litigation; 'DD-694 OR DD 694' opinion sweep returned zero hits (batch-3429 same-day namesake sweep; independent re-run blocked by fleet pacing - see limitations). Docket sweeps (verified this session): 'USS Ingraham' returned 7 hits - four asbestos personal-injury removal dockets with the name in indexed docket text (Viscosi D. Conn. 3:07-cv-01559 and Greenleaf S.D. Ill. 3:14-cv-00051 = qualifying, see ev-06/ev-07; Redman v. A.W. Chesterton N.D. Cal. 3:08-cv-03013 = asbestos removal docket whose indexed text contains both 'USS Ingraham' and 'DD-694', role unresolved = archival lead; Brown v. Amchem Products S.D.N.Y. 1:19-cv-05844 = asbestos removal docket whose remand order recites plaintiff's exposure as Brooklyn Navy Yard sheet-metal work aboard USS Constellation and other ships in dry dock 1954-55 and 1958-62 - the 'USS Ingraham' reference's role unresolved but the recited exposure situs was the yard = non-qualifying as an exposure-site finding) plus three name collisions (Ramos v. United States and Bermello v. United States, M.D. Fla. s.2255 prisoner dockets; Northwest Territorial Mint bankruptcy, W.D. Wash.). 'DD-694' docket sweep returned 4 hits - Redman (above); Shonkwiler v. A.W. Chesterton, N.D. Ohio 1:16-cv-02749 (s.1442 asbestos removal from Cuyahoga County; the string 'DD-694' appears in indexed docket text but the docket does NOT co-match 'USS Ingraham' - context unresolved, archival lead, possibly a non-vessel string occurrence); United States v. Ortega, E.D. Cal. 2:12-cr-00198 x2 (criminal dockets - name collisions). No merits-level or adjudicated exposure finding for this hull was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27 (sweep); litigation windows 2007-2020
- Limitations
- Search-index coverage only: RECAP indexing does not reach all state-court filings; docket-text matches whose context could not be retrieved (Redman, Shonkwiler, Brown) remain unresolved references rather than findings. The 'DD-694' opinion sweep inherits the batch-3429 same-day authenticated result (0 hits) - my independent re-run was twice blocked by fleet pacing and is noted as pending. Absence of a located case does not prove none exists; establishes only that no indexed docket or opinion adjudicates exposure aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-08
-
[10]This record's search ledger (2026-09-27): DANFS/NHHC (404, transcription mirrors), NavSource (Wayback), navysite.de, navypedia, GAO product page, CourtListener sweeps, Atlas shipyard dataset, free-court-document mirrors (ecf.ctd.uscourts.gov, law.justia.com, exa.ai) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-ingraham-dd694-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No hull-level asbestos record located: no hull survey, abatement contract, ACM inventory, or hazmat disclosure was found for this hull in the public sources searched, and none is expected to surface - the hull was sold to Greece in 1971, stricken there in 1992, and sunk as a target in 2001, foreclosing the museum/abatement/breaking-yard documentation pathway. The ship-specific litigation record is real but allegation-stage: two qualifying cases name the hull in recited discovery (Viscosi: fireman/boiler tender aboard 1949-52, Buffalo Pumps product alleged installed aboard; Greenleaf: stationed aboard 1969), and three further asbestos dockets contain hull references whose context is unresolved. No adjudicated exposure finding exists for DD-694.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - class/era inference (ev-04) plus the FRAM II conversion window (ev-03) make original installation and yard-phase disturbance probable but unproven. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility for crew, construction trades, or Greek-service personnel.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-ingraham-dd694-09