Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 1096-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-iona-yt107-pkt-1096-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'Iona' (verbatim transcription; live NHHC DANFS page returned 404 on all candidate URLs) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Iona' entry, yard-craft file yt107.htm (transcription credited to Bill Mozingo)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'The first Iona (YT-107), a wooden tug, was captured from the Spanish at Cavite Navy Yard, Philippines, in 1898. She was taken over by the Navy and utilized as a yard tug at Cavite for many years. The old tug was lost 2 January 1942 in a Japanese raid on the Navy Yard.' Spec block: l. 56'; b. 10'3"; dr. 5'8".
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1898-1942
- Population
- Spanish crew (pre-1898); U.S. Navy yard-tug crew, Cavite (1898-1942)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Entry is a single paragraph - DANFS gives no builder, build date, complement, or stricken date. 'Wooden tug' conflicts with the 'Composite' construction footnote in Ships' Data 1938 (see ev-04). Live NHHC DANFS page 404s (iona-i.html, iona.html, iona-yt-107.html tried 2026-10-05); hazegray.org does not resolve from this network; verbatim transcription at the losthistory.net mirror used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-01
-
[3]NHHC, 'Casualties: U.S. Navy and Coast Guard Vessels Sunk or Damaged Beyond Repair during World War II, 7 December 1941-1 October 1945' - official casualty list (archived Wayback capture of history.navy.mil FAQ faq82-2; live page not located under current site structure) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Casualty list, U.S. Navy District Craft > Harbor Tug (YT) section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Navy casualty list entry: 'USS Iona (YT-107) sunk by Japanese aircraft at Cavite, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 2 January 1942.' Companion Sixteenth Naval District craft entries in the same section: USS Banaag (YT-104) 'lost due to enemy action in the Philippine Islands and stricken from the Navy List, 24 July 1942'; USS Mercedes (YT-108) 'destroyed to prevent capture at Cavite, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 2 January 1942'; USS Vaga (YT-116) 'scuttled to prevent capture off Corregidor, Luzon, Philippine Islands, 5 May 1942.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1941-12-07 to 1945-10-01 (list coverage)
- Population
- Iona crew at loss; sister Cavite harbor-tug crews (Banaag, Mercedes, Vaga)
- Limitations
- Corroborates loss date and manner ('sunk by Japanese aircraft', 2 January 1942) but gives no stricken date for this hull and no casualty/circumstance detail. No asbestos content. Citation is an archived Wayback capture - the live NHHC URL was not found under the current site structure (candidates returned 404); labeled archived per citation hygiene.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, Iona (YT-107) page 14/08107 - service timeline, campaign data, final disposition, specifications (verified live) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14/08107.htm - header block, campaign table, final-disposition line, specifications block, photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: 'Built, date and location unknown' as a wooden-hulled tug; captured from Spain at Cavite Navy Yard, Philippines, 1898; 'Placed in service as Iona at Cavite, circa 1898'; designated District Harbor Tug YT-107 on 17 July 1920; Asiatic-Pacific campaign record 'Philippine Islands operation, 8 December 1941 to 3 January 1942'; final disposition 'assumed lost with fall of Manila, 03 January 1942 (possibly became Japanese prize #18-030)'. Specifications: length 56', beam 10'3", draft 5'8", propulsion 'steam, single screw, 125hp'; displacement, speed, complement, armament listed as unknown. Page hosts a U.S. Navy photo of Iona moored pierside at Naval Station Cavite.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1898-1942
- Population
- Iona crew, Cavite (1898-1942)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry. Its loss date (3 January 1942) and manner ('assumed lost... possibly became Japanese prize #18-030') conflict with the official DANFS/casualty-list record (sunk by Japanese aircraft 2 January 1942) - the Japanese-prize claim is an uncorroborated secondary assertion; combinedfleet.com (secondary scholarship) documents the Japanese takeover of Cavite yard from 2 January 1942 (IJN No. 103 Naval Working Department) and salvage of ex-U.S. craft there (e.g., USS Luzon PR-7 refloated and renamed IJN Karatsu) - consistent with, but not proof of, a prize outcome. The 125hp figure is not corroborated - Ships' Data 1938 leaves the ihp column blank for this hull. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-03
-
[5]Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1938 edition (Navy Department / GPO), p. 260 Harbor Tugs (YT) table and Sixteenth Naval District district-craft allocation roster (pp. 270-271); Google-digitized scan hosted at shipscribe.com [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ships' Data 1938, p. 260 (Harbor Tugs (YT) table, line 'YT107 IONA'); pp. 270-271 (Allocation of District Craft, Sixteenth Naval District roster)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official Navy register entry for YT-107 Iona (in service at publication): length 56'6", breadth 10'3", draft 5'8"; construction footnote 3 = 'Composite'; allocation Sixteenth Naval District ('do' ditto from Banaag); 'Where and when built or purchased': 'Captured with Cavite, 1898'; indicated-horsepower column blank; no remarks. The district-craft allocation roster lists the Sixteenth Naval District's harbor tugs as 'WOMPATUCK, BANAAG, IONA, MERCEDES, VAGA' alongside the Cavite yard-craft population (YA, YC, YD, YF, YFB, YM, YO, YPD, YSP, YSR, YW) later enumerated by Cressman as lost with the fall of the Philippines. Vessel index: 'Iona.. YT107 Harbor tug.. 260.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1938 (edition snapshot); construction origin 1898 or earlier
- Population
- Sixteenth Naval District yard-craft crews, Cavite (1938 snapshot)
- Limitations
- Conflicts with DANFS/NavSource on two particulars: 'Composite' hull construction (vs 'wooden tug'/'wooden-hulled') and length 56'6" (vs 56') - both variants logged in gaps. Scan OCR verified against the page image. No asbestos content; no builder name - the official record leaves the builder field as 'Captured with Cavite, 1898,' i.e., origin unrecorded.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-04
-
[6]Robert J. Cressman, 'The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II' (Naval Historical Center, Contemporary History Branch; HyperWar/ibiblio mirror), 1942 chapter [other_primary]
- Locator
- USN-Chron-1942.html: 'January 2, Fri.' entry ('Manila and Cavite, P.I., fall to the Japanese'); 'May 6' Corregidor-surrender entry (yard-craft enumeration)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official NHHC-published chronology corroborates the loss context: the 2 January 1942 entry reads 'Manila and Cavite, P.I., fall to the Japanese'; the 6 May 1942 Corregidor-surrender entry enumerates 'Lost to Japanese occupation of the Philippines are ... harbor tugs Banaag (YT-104), Iona (YT-107), and Mercedes (YT-108)' within the full Cavite yard-craft loss list (YP, YA, YAG, YC, YD, YF, YFB, YM, YO, YPD, YSP, YSR, YT, YW craft).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1941-1942
- Population
- Sixteenth Naval District yard-craft crews, Manila Bay (1941-42)
- Limitations
- The chronology's enumeration is keyed to the Corregidor surrender and catalogs craft 'lost to Japanese occupation' generally - it does not fix Iona's specific loss date or manner (those come from DANFS and the NHHC casualty list). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-05
-
[7]Charles R. Smith, 'From Shanghai to Corregidor: Marines in the Defense of the Philippines' (History and Museums Division, HQ USMC; official monograph hosted at npshistory.com), 'Bombing of Cavite' section; corroborated by U.S. Army photo caption via DVIDS image 3587749 [other_primary]
- Locator
- USMC monograph PCN 190-003140-00, 'Bombing of Cavite' section (npshistory.com mirror); DVIDS image 3587749 caption (12.10.1941, Cavite Navy Yard)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Loss environment for the hull's station: on 10 December 1941, 54 Japanese 11th Air Fleet bombers attacked Cavite Navy Yard, setting the entire yard ablaze - power plant, dispensary, warehouses, barracks, and radio station took direct hits and the submarine Sealion was wrecked in drydock; Admiral Rockwell estimated ~500 men killed or seriously wounded. Manila was subsequently declared an open city, and Manila and Cavite fell to the Japanese on 2 January 1942 - the day the official record dates Iona's loss.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1941-12-10 to 1942-01-02
- Population
- Cavite Navy Yard military and civilian workforce; 16th Naval District population
- Limitations
- Context only - documents the destruction of the yard where Iona served, not this hull specifically. The great December 10 raid is well documented; Iona's documented loss came later (2 January 1942, per DANFS/casualty list), during the final Japanese advance on the bay forts. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications (steam, single screw, 125hp); Ships' Data 1938 p. 260 (composite harbor tug, Sixteenth Naval District); DANFS spec block; GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos program context (ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14/08107.htm specifications block; Ships' Data 1938 p. 260; DANFS spec block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference only: this hull's propulsion is documented (NavSource) as steam, single screw, ~125 hp. A steam-driven harbor tug of her period carried the era-standard small-steam-plant asbestos applications - boiler insulation/lagging, steam-line insulation, gaskets, and valve packing - in quantities proportionate to a 56-foot craft. Cavite Navy Yard, where she was built or captured into service and operated for ~43 years, was the Asiatic Fleet's industrial repair base throughout the Navy's asbestos era.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- pre-1898-1942
- Population
- Iona crew (1898-1942); Cavite yard trades working alongside district craft
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or exposure record located for YT-107. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; product names are normalized era terms with no manufacturer attribution. The inference is materially weaker than for a Navy-built steam vessel: builder and build date are unrecorded (pre-1898, possibly Spanish or Philippine construction) and the plant was very small; composite/wooden hull construction bounds the plausible extent.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - program-level context consistent with asbestos-era practice throughout this hull's 1898-1942 service window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull - the report post-dates the tug's 1942 loss by nearly four decades and addresses mid-century practice. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-10-05) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-08
-
[10]Archival leads: NavSource photo caption (U.S. Navy photo of Iona at Naval Station Cavite - original negative presumably NHHC/NARA-held, RG 19/NH series); NavSource 'Japanese prize #18-030' claim pointing to Japanese captured-vessel/salvage registers; combinedfleet.com (secondary scholarship) IJN No. 103 Naval Working Department history at Cavite; NARA RG 24 deck logs / 16th Naval District records [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14/08107.htm photo caption and disposition line; combinedfleet.com 'IJN No. 103 Naval Working Department at Cavite'; NARA RG 19/RG 24 (undigitized); Ships' Data 1945 Vol. III index p. 680 ('Iona.. YTB220')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Open archival leads for this hull: (1) the NavSource-published U.S. Navy photograph of Iona moored pierside at Naval Station Cavite implies an official negative held by NHHC or NARA (RG 19 vessel photographs / NH-series); (2) NavSource's 'possibly became Japanese prize #18-030' assertion would resolve, if at all, in Japanese captured-vessel/salvage records - secondary scholarship (combinedfleet.com TROM) documents the IJN No. 103 Naval Working Department operating the former Cavite Navy Yard from 2 January 1942 and the refloat-and-reuse of ex-U.S. craft there (USS Luzon PR-7 became IJN Karatsu), establishing that salvage-and-press into Japanese service was practiced on this yard's captured hulls; (3) RG 24 deck logs and 16th Naval District records for 1941-42 yard craft are not digitized; (4) Ships' Data 1945 Vol. III (NAVSHIPS 250-012) no longer lists YT-107 - the only Iona then carried is the later big harbor tug YTB-220 (ex-YT-220), confirming YT-107 was off the register.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (Japanese occupation of Cavite); records coverage to 1945
- Limitations
- Leads only - none verified against the underlying archives this session; combinedfleet.com is secondary scholarship (Tully/Hackett TROM series), not an official source, and is cited here solely as the pointer to Japanese-side records for the prize claim. The prize-number assertion itself remains unverified and does not displace the official loss record. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-09
-
[11]Batch-9292 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription; NHHC official casualty list (archived); NavSource (live); Ships' Data 1938 and 1945v3 official registers; Cressman official chronology; USMC official monograph; CourtListener via authenticated helper; secondary web sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-iona-yt107-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, material list, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or qualifying litigation naming USS Iona (YT-107) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Secondary web sweeps surfaced no asbestos-marketing content at all for this hull - even law-firm listicles do not list YT-107. CourtListener exact-name queries completed: 'USS Iona' opinions returned 4 hits, all name collisions (commercial tug 'Iona' in McAllister Towing FECA/contribution litigation, E.D. Pa. 2014 and 3d Cir. 2005; unrelated Texas appellate matters In re Ortiz and Ware v. TCEQ); 'USS Iona' dockets returned 374 hits, the first-page 20 all name collisions on 'Iona' as party/property/document text - including two text-level matches inside asbestos-adjacent dockets (W.R. Grace bankruptcy compensation application; Lyautey v. Alfa Laval exhibit) that do not name the hull. CAVEAT: the hull-number pair ('YT-107' opinions + dockets) could not be run - the shared fleet request budget stayed saturated across ~1 hour of spaced retries; logged as blocked, not a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a pre-1898 composite-hulled 56-foot steam tug leaves almost no documentary trail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iona-yt107-10