Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
-
[1]research packet do-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Iuka (named Iuka only from 16 July 1948; served 1943–1947 as unnamed ATR-45/ATA-123)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-iuka-ata123-pkt-do-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Iuka' (ATA-123) entry - public-domain text reproduced at NavSource 09/38/38123 and Wikipedia (text verified identical across reproductions) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry text; NHHC canonical page not live (404 at all tested history.navy.mil/danfs/i/ URLs, 2026-09-26 - link rot consistent with BATCH-01 finding)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for Iuka (ATA-123, ex-ATR-45): laid down 1942-11-21 by Levingston Shipbuilding Co., Orange, TX; launched 1942-12-20; commissioned 1943-06-30, Lt. (j.g.) J. L. Hostinsky in command. Brief duties out of Norfolk, then Pacific via Panama Canal and Bora Bora, reaching Espiritu Santo late October 1943; spent the rest of the war in the South Pacific towing targets and barges and performing harbor duties, primarily at Espiritu Santo; reclassified ATA-123 1944-05-15. Returned to Pearl Harbor 1945-09-07, then San Francisco; harbor duties on the California coast until decommissioned at San Pedro 1947-11-26 into the Columbia River Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet; named Iuka 1948-07-16; transferred to the Maritime Administration September 1960; entered NDRF Olympia WA September 1962; sold 1976.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1942-1976
- Population
- Ship's company (wartime South Pacific service; complement unverified for this hull)
- Limitations
- Naval-history narrative only - establishes identity, build, wartime employment, and reserve-fleet transfers; contains no asbestos or materials information. DANFS compresses the 1960/1962 custody-vs-title distinction documented on the MARAD status cards (ev-02).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-01
-
[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - IUKA (ATA-123), Ship History Detail 2330, incl. digitized status cards (Forms MA-383, MA-199) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail page milestones table; status card scans /cards/2330_4346AF.jpg (Olympia card), /cards/2330_4346BF.jpg (Suisun Bay card), /cards/c14d9449-9fb7-4c38-bd80-2e411a633cbb.png (MA-199 vessel status card)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record (Detail 2330) and scanned status cards (Forms MA-383 and MA-199) for IUKA (ATA-123): Official No. 0993879; type 'G.M. Diesel ... Ocean Tug', Naval Auxiliary, Navy-built; built 6-43 at Orange, Texas by Levingston SB Co., hull no. 123, delivered to Navy Dept.; LOA 143'0", breadth 33'10", trial displacement 835 tons, trial speed 13.0 knots. Custody chain: Navy Dept. to MARAD Reserve Fleet, Olympia WA, 1960-09-27 (temporary custody); permanent transfer / MARAD title 1962-09-01; withdrawn to Dept. of the Navy at Olympia 1971-04-29, reason 'Navy/ISSOT/SOAP Program'; re-entered MARAD Reserve Fleet, Suisun Bay, 1971-06-18; withdrawn to Dept. of the Navy at Suisun Bay 1975-05-06, reason 'Navy-equipment removal & sale' (also recorded as milestones Disposition/Withdrawal 5/6/1975 'EQUIP. REMOVAL/SALE').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1960-1975
- Limitations
- Custody, tonnage, and machinery-type record only - contains no materials or hazmat information. 'SOAP' is the Navy Supply Overhaul Assistance Program (parts reclamation from inactive ships, documented in DANFS for other hulls); 'ISSOT' is not expanded on the card. Card dates supersede DANFS's compressed narrative and show the hull returned to Navy title twice after 1971. Does not establish what (if anything) the 1975 'equipment removal' removed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-02
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[4]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this tug was built (1942-43, commercial Gulf Coast yard building to Navy specifications) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard Navy and merchant hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or its class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Iuka (ATA-123) page (secondary compilation; underlying registers Miramar/Equasis not inspected); corroborated by shipbuildinghistory.com Levingston yard list and uswarships.jounin.jp ATA list [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource ATA-123 page, 'Merchant Service' and commanding-officer sections; shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/levingston.htm hull 281; uswarships.jounin.jp/ata.htm ATA-123 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Post-Navy merchant career and disposal (secondary compilations): acquired by Erato Shipping & Trading Corp. S.A., Panama, 1976-04-13, renamed Deka Exi (J.S. Latsis, Piraeus); owner name later changed to Maritime & Commercial Co. Argonaftis S.A., Panama; arrived in tow at Aliaga, Turkey, for demolition by Seltas A.S., 1996-12-02. NavSource also records 'struck from the Naval Register, date unknown' and a commanding-officer list (LTjg John L. Hostinsky 1943-06-30 to 1945-05-31; LT Otto L. Honegger from 1945-05-31). Corroborated independently by shipbuildinghistory.com (Levingston yard list, hull 281: 'sold 1976 as Deka Exi, scrapped 1996') and a third compilation (uswarships.jounin.jp, same dates).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1976-1996
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation sources only - house convention treats NavSource/shipbuildinghistory as leads, not primary evidence; carried here as an archival lead because three independent compilations agree on dates and names while the underlying register entries (Miramar, Equasis, Lloyd's) were not inspected. Establishes the disposition chain only; contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-04
-
[6]NGO Shipbreaking Platform, 'Ship Recycling in Turkey' (2023) and 'Fate of Shipbreaking Wastes in Turkey' (2009) field reports [other_primary]
- Locator
- 2023 Turkey report (sector hazard findings); 2009 'Fate of Shipbreaking Wastes' report (post-2002 improvements incl. asbestos removal procedures)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The hull was demolished at the Aliaga, Turkey shipbreaking district in late 1996. The NGO Shipbreaking Platform's documented assessments of Aliaga describe worker exposure to asbestos and other toxics as a sector hazard, and its 2009 report records that formal asbestos-removal procedures and a Waste Management Centre were instituted only after a 2002 Greenpeace report - i.e., after this hull's demolition. Any era materials remaining aboard would have been handled under the less-regulated 1996 regime.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1996 (demolition); reports 2009-2023
- Population
- Shipbreaking workers, Aliaga (sector-level)
- Limitations
- Yard/district-level documentation, not a hull record; the cited regulatory improvements postdate this hull's demolition and no document addresses what materials were aboard or how they were handled in 1996. Advocacy-organization source - used for contextual, checkable field findings only. Establishes no asbestos presence aboard this hull and no individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-05
-
[7]NARA record-group mapping: RG 24 Navy deck logs; RG 19 Bureau of Ships records [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA logbooks reference page; catalog.archives.gov item-level check for ATA-123 not resolvable this pass
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Wartime and postwar Navy deck logs for USS ATR-45 / USS ATA-123 are the unmined primary source for hull activity; they sit in NARA RG 24 (Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations). Builder/contract material specifications for Levingston hull 281 would sit in Bureau of Ships contract and plan records (NARA RG 19). Neither collection is digitized for this hull; no box-level retrieval was performed.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1947 (log coverage expected)
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping is not evidence about this hull - item-level holdings (which log months, which contract files) unverified; digitization status not confirmed. Carried as a research lead only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-06
-
[8]Batch-2840 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (link rot), DANFS reproductions, MARAD ShipHistory + status cards, NavSource, shipbuildinghistory.com, NARA catalog, shipyards.json yard list, asbestos-keyword web sweep, CourtListener [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-iuka-ata123-01 through sl-uss-iuka-ata123-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, or hazmat disclosure naming Iuka / ATA-123 / ATR-45 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull left federal custody in 1975-76 and was scrapped abroad in 1996, so the post-service survey trail that exists for preserved or NDRF-resident hulls does not exist here. Scope note: the CourtListener litigation sweep did not execute this pass - fleet-wide pacing budget was spent on every attempt (sl-uss-iuka-ata123-09, result 'pending'); no docket search result is claimed either way.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-43 Navy-spec build is era-consistent with installed ACM. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-iuka-ata123-07