Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet mq-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced); laid-down date UNVERIFIED/unknown
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced); laid-down date UNVERIFIED/unknown
- Evidence ID
- uss-jaguar-ix120-pkt-mq-packet-md
-
[2]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, 'Jaguar' (IX-120) - live history.navy.mil URLs 404 (same NHHC link-rot pattern as Batches 01/4680/4682); verbatim text verified via 2010-12-07 Wayback capture of history.navy.mil/danfs/j1/jaguar.htm [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Jaguar' (IX-120), body text and ship-data line; hazegray DANFS transcription mirror at losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/ix/ix120.htm concurs verbatim
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records the hull's identity and naval career: launched as Charles T. Yerkes under Maritime Commission contract by California Shipbuilding Corp., San Pedro, Calif., 20 November 1943; renamed Jaguar 27 October (1943 - the rename preceded the launch); acquired by the Navy 15 December 1943 and commissioned that day, Lt. Comdr. T. E. Hammond in command. Service: after shakedown out of San Pedro, departed 19 January 1944 for floating-storage duty in the Pacific islands; arrived New Caledonia 21 February via Wellington, New Zealand; transported diesel oil, aviation gasoline, and minesweeping gear to the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands; remained on station in the Pacific 'servicing islands remote but important in our push for Japan'; returned to the West Coast early 1946; arrived Norfolk via the Panama Canal 20 April; decommissioned there 10 June 1946 and turned over to the Maritime Commission; served as a tanker with various American lines under the names Harry Peer (1948) and Tini (1949); transferred to Panamanian flag February 1951. DANFS ship-data line: dp. 3,665; l. 441'6"; b. 56'11"; dr. 28'4"; s. 11 k.; cpl. 79; a. 1 5", 1 3", 8 20mm.; T. 2-ET1-S-C3 [typographical error for Z-ET1-S-C3, flagged by hazegray].
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1951
- Population
- Navy crew (complement 79) aboard, 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Ship-identity history only - DANFS contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials information. Establishes dates, roles, and operating areas only; does not establish asbestos conditions aboard this hull in either direction. DANFS ends the merchant narrative at the February 1951 Panamanian-flag transfer; the subsequent Illenao resale and 1954 Bombay loss come from shipscribe/NavSource/T-tanker register rows. DANFS gives no keel-laying or stricken date.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-01
-
[3]Patrick Clancey (comp.), 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945: IX-120 USS Jaguar,' HyperWar/ibiblio transcription of official ship lists [other_primary]
- Locator
- IX-120 stats card, full page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- HyperWar stats card corroborates the wartime-era listing: Unclassified Vessel; displacement 3,665 tons; length 442'; beam 57'; draft 28'; speed 11 knots; armament 1 x 5"/38 DP, 1 x 3"/50 DP, 8 x 20mm; complement 79; used for: Tanker; built at California Shipbuilding, San Pedro, Cal., and commissioned 15 December 1943.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940-1945 listing era
- Limitations
- Transcription site of official-era listings, not a primary scan; rounded dimensions differ trivially from DANFS (442' vs 441'6") - no substantive conflict. No asbestos, materials, or crew content beyond the complement figure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-02
-
[4]Shipscribe (Stephen S. Roberts compilation of U.S. Navy auxiliary vessel register data), Armadillo (IX-111) class page - construction/disposition tables, class notes, ship note for IX-120 [other_primary]
- Locator
- IX-111 class page - construction table row IX-120 JAGUAR; disposition table row IX-120; class notes (AVB 12 Oct 43; CNO 15 Oct 43); ship notes row IX-120
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled register data documents the hull's program history: Jaguar (IX-120) keel laid 17 October 1943 at California Shipbuilding, launched 20 November 1943, acquired/commissioned 15 December 1943; decommissioned 10 June 1946; stricken 3 July 1946; delivered to Maritime Commission disposal 10 June 1946 (MC/D); Maritime Administration sale 7 May 1948. Ship note (MCE hull 1909): 'Ex merc. CHARLES T. YERKES. Merc. CHARLES T. YERKES (MC) 1946, HARRY PEER 1948, TINI 1949 and converted to dry cargo ship. Wrecked at Bombay 4 Jun 54 as ILLENAO and scrapped.' Class notes quote the Auxiliary Vessels Board report of 12 October 1943 and CNO instructions of 15 October 1943 directing that 20 new Liberty tankers be acquired with NO conversion of any kind - armed only and furnished 20 lengths of 4-inch and 6 lengths of 6-inch filling hose for fuel transfer - to meet urgent Pacific floating-storage requirements; class register: design MC Z-ET1-S-C3; complement 70 (1944); machinery 1 screw, vertical triple expansion, 2,500 hp; some hulls designated 'clean' (gasoline/diesel) and others 'dirty' (fuel oil) tankers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1954
- Population
- Navy crew (1943-1946); merchant crews (1946-1954); 1949 Mobile conversion-yard and 1954 Bombay breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary reference built on Navy register and operational records - detailed program narrative, not itself a primary document. The 'no conversion' directive documents acquisition policy for the class, meaning as-built merchant-specification materials were carried into Navy service - relevant context, not an asbestos finding. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - CHARLES T. YERKES, Ship History Detail 912, and JAGUAR (IX-120), Ship History Detail 12760 (same hull, U.S. Official No. 244761) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 912 and Detail 12760 - vessel data blocks, name-history cross-links, status-card/document lists; CHARLES T. YERKES.pdf at /documents/42db675a-eb59-40b9-9181-5dbb530a6035.pdf
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory records the same hull under both identities, linked by vessel-name history and U.S. Official No. 244761: CHARLES T. YERKES (Detail 912) - year built 1943, shipyard California Shipbuilding Corporation, MARAD type Z-ET1-S-C3, length 441.50 ft, beam 57.00 ft, 7,243 gross / 4,384 net tons, draft 27.60 ft summer, immersion 14,230 tons, mission tag 'World War II', fate 'Sold - Foreign Flag Op.'; JAGUAR (IX-120) (Detail 12760) - type 'IX Unclassified/Miscellaneous Vessel' (Naval Service Craft), MARAD type Z-ET1-S-C3, length 441.50 ft, beam 56.80 ft, displacement 14,500 summer / 3,665 lightweight, fate 'Sold - U.S. Operation'. Status-card scans exist on the Yerkes record (912_1653AF/AB plus a PNG) and a CHARLES T. YERKES.pdf document is posted; neither record lists milestone rows.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1954
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government registration/custody facts (Official No., builder, design type, tonnage). Internal data anomalies logged: the Yerkes record carries a nonsensical 'Specific Type: LNG Liquefied Natural Gas' label for a 1943 steam tanker, and the beam differs between the two records (57.00 vs 56.80 ft) - legacy-typing artifacts, recorded not resolved. Both fate labels are consistent with the documented chain (1948 U.S.-operation sale; 1951 Panamanian-flag sale). Status cards are image-only and were not OCR'd this session; milestones are absent. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-04
-
[6]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Jaguar (IX-120), arch. 09/46/46120 (volunteer-compiled from official and merchant registers), verbatim via 2024-12-04 Wayback capture - live navsource.org refuses automated fetch [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource IX-120 page header, merchant-service section, awards block, and specifications block; Wayback capture 2024-12-04 (live site refuses automated fetch)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource's IX-120 page supplies the merchant-service chronology and hull specifications: laid down 18 October 1943 as SS Charles T. Yerkes (MCE 1909) at California Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, CA; renamed Jaguar 27 October 1943; launched 20 November 1943; acquired 15 December 1943; commissioned USS Jaguar (IX-120) 18 December 1943, LCDR T. E. Hammond in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; occupation service in the Far East 3 October-6 November 1945; 'decommissioned and struck from the Naval Register, 10 June 1946'; delivered to the War Shipping Administration 10 June 1946 at Norfolk, name reverted to SS Charles T. Yerkes. Merchant chain: sold May 1948 to Ocean Tankers Ltd., Dover, DE, renamed SS Harry Peer; resold 1949 to Tini Steamship Co., Ltd., Dover, DE, converted to a grain carrier by Alabama Drydock Co., Mobile, AL, renamed SS Tini; resold 1951 to Cia de Nav Las Cruces SA, renamed SS Illenao, reflagged Panamanian; resold 1954 to S. N. Difonis, Athens (name retained), Panamanian flag. Final disposition: grounded near Prongs Lighthouse, Bombay, 4 June 1954, bound Fremantle to Bombay with wheat; refloated with extensive bottom damage to machinery and boilers; declared total loss; sold to local breakers. Awards/ribbons: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp - no battle star listed. Specifications: 3,665 t. lt / 14,500 t. fl; 441'6" x 56'11" x 28'4"; 11 kts; complement 10 officers + 104 enlisted; cargo 8,500 DWT, oil 63,000 bbls; armament 1x5"/38, 1x3"/50, 8x20mm; fuel NSFO 13,700 bbls; propulsion: one Joshua Hendy Ironworks (Sunnyvale, CA) triple-expansion reciprocating engine, two Babcock & Wilcox boilers 220 psi/450 deg F, three 20 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators, single 4-blade 18'6" propeller, 2,500 shp.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1954
- Population
- Navy crew (1943-1946); merchant crews (1946-1954); 1949 Mobile conversion-yard workers; 1954 Bombay breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary source, not an official record - used for the merchant chronology, occupation-service window, awards, and specifications; every overlapping point corroborates DANFS/shipscribe/MARAD except the commissioning date (NavSource 18 Dec vs DANFS 15 Dec) and strike handling (NavSource folds strike into the 10 Jun 46 decommission vs shipscribe's 3 Jul 46) - both variances flagged in gaps. The 1949 Alabama Drydock conversion attribution is a secondary compilation, not a yard work order. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-05
-
[7]U.S. Maritime Commission, Instruction Manual for Operating and Maintaining 2500 H.P. Triple Expansion Marine Steam Engines, EC2-S-C1 Cargo Vessels (mirrored excerpt) + shipscribe Armadillo class register machinery line (1 screw, vertical triple expansion, 2,500 hp) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Mirrored excerpt, engine-cylinder insulation section; shipscribe IX-111 class page register line 'Machinery: 1 screw, vertical triple expansion' / 'Propulsion (HP): 2,500'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The documented propulsion plant - a single-screw 2,500 hp vertical triple-expansion steam engine in a wartime Liberty-hull tanker - is the same emergency-fleet machinery family covered by the USMC operating manual for the 2,500 hp triple-expansion plant, which describes cylinder insulation of magnesia under sheet-iron lagging; insulation products of this era were commonly manufactured with asbestos fiber, and period steam-system gaskets, packing, and insulation felts commonly contained asbestos. Liberty-type hulls were built to emergency USMC specifications during the period when the federal government had reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding. Typical applications for the type: boiler and steam-drum insulation; steam-line lagging between boiler room and engine room; valve and flange gaskets; machinery packing; insulation in accommodation spaces and around the galley; brake linings on winches and windlass.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1954
- Population
- Construction trades (California Shipbuilding, Terminal Island, 1943); Navy engine-room crew (1943-1946); merchant engine crews (1946-1954); 1949 conversion and 1954 breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation plus era inference, not a hull record - the manual was published for the EC2-S-C1 cargo type; the Z-ET1-S-C3 Liberty tanker shared the same hull lines and 2,500 hp machinery family, but no manual page or material schedule names this hull or the tanker variant specifically, and the manual text does not itself state 'asbestos' content. Asbestos presence aboard this hull is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, exposure, causation, or present-day presence (hull scrapped 1954).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-06
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency program under which this Liberty-type tanker was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, its class, or its builder and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-07
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 opinion searches, 2026-09-29: "USS Jaguar" (0 opinions); "IX-120" (15 opinions, all name collisions); merchant-name queries ("Charles T. Yerkes", "Harry Peer", "Illenao") pending at compile time - fleet pacing budget [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4 search endpoint, type=o queries run via cl-auth-search.py
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull located. The exact-name search "USS Jaguar" returned zero opinions. The hull-number search "IX-120" returned fifteen opinions, all name collisions - CourtListener's tokenizer matches 'IX' and '120' separately inside reporter citations, docket numbers, and statutory references in unrelated cases (e.g., Hall v. Vargas, Ga. 2005 criminal appeal; Duplan Corp. v. Deering Milliken, D.S.C. patent-antitrust; Aetna Casualty & Surety v. P & B Autobody; Allegheny Reprod. Health v. PA DHS; Aveta Inc. v. Cavallieri; North Star Alaska Housing Corp. v. United States; Thomas Davis v. United Air Lines; United States v. Reese/Dwyer/Broussard/Houston; Watson v. Basden; Webster v. Schwartz; Central City Education Ass'n v. Illinois Educational Labor Relations Board; Doe v. Old Rochester Regional School District; Guthrie v. Hagen; Linda Woodman v. State; and the consolidated Duplan proceeding) - none names this vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Search coverage is limited to CourtListener's opinion and docket indexes; unindexed state-court records and older dockets may not appear. A name match is not a finding of exposure, and absence of indexed litigation does not establish that no claim was ever filed - only that no qualifying opinion was located. Hull was wrecked and scrapped in 1954, before the asbestos-litigation era. Merchant-name queries were pending at compile time - see search_ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-08
-
[10]Batch-4689 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (live 404; verbatim via Wayback 2010-12-07 capture); shipscribe compiled register; NavSource photo archive (Wayback 2024-12-04); MARAD ShipHistory (Details 912, 12760); HyperWar IX stats card; usmm.org Calship yard list; NARA Special List 44; CourtListener opinion index; NVR [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-jaguar-ix120-01 through sl-uss-jaguar-ix120-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no hull insulation survey, abatement contract, shipyard work-order disclosure, hazmat documentation, or docketed case naming USS Jaguar (IX-120), Charles T. Yerkes, Harry Peer, Tini, or Illenao was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943 wartime hull that became a total-loss wreck in 1954 never passed through an asbestos-survey or abatement regime, so no documentation pathway ever existed for this hull. Era-consistent inference is reasonable but unproven for this hull; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. Deck logs (extant, Special List 44) and builder records (LA Maritime Museum MC #75; CSUN) are the unexamined archival leads.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-09
-
[11]National Archives, Special List 44 - Named Vessels (Navy logbooks): 'Jaguar (IX-120) 12/15/1943 - 6/30/1945'; Los Angeles Maritime Museum Manuscript Collection #75 (Papers of California Shipbuilding Corporation) finding aid; CSUN Special Collections Calship collections [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44, 'Jaguar (IX-120)' row, begin 12/15/1943, end 6/30/1945; lamaritimemuseum.org MC #75 finding-aid PDF; library.csun.edu/sca Calship collections page
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 named-vessel logbook index confirms deck logs for Jaguar (IX-120) exist covering 15 December 1943 through 30 June 1945 - commissioning through the South Pacific floating-storage period (post-June-1945 coverage, including the occupation window and homeward passage, is not in the list). Separately, the Los Angeles Maritime Museum holds the Papers of California Shipbuilding Corporation (Manuscript Collection #75, 1941-1945) - administrative papers, vessel construction/progress reports, and a full run of the Calship Log - and CSUN Special Collections holds two Calship collections including an engineer's file; these are the candidate repositories for MCE-hull-1909 construction and outfitting records.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (log coverage); indexed 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Index/finding-aid-level confirmation only - the logs and builder papers are not digitized in the public sources searched and their contents (any materials, repair, or insulation references) are unexamined. Existence of records does not establish any asbestos fact; they are the next research step for this hull, along with NARA RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission) and RG 248 (War Shipping Administration) program files.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jaguar-ix120-10