Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet p-packet.md (6 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-jerauld-apa174-pkt-p-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - transports, attack (APA) section, per-hull rows for JERAULD APA-174 'ex-M.C.V. Hull 140' (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APA section (pp. ~246-258 print): dimensions/trial-displacement row, personnel row, machinery row, armament/cargo row, and construction-row entries for 'JERAULD (ex-M.C.V. Hull 140) APA 174'; alphabetical index
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries per-hull rows for JERAULD APA-174 (ex-M.C.V. Hull 140): 455'0" overall; beam 62'0"; 17.7 knots; 14,837 tons trial displacement; machinery 1 Westinghouse turbine, 8,500 shp, with 2 Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 465 psi / 750F; accommodations 56 officers + 480 enlisted ship's company, troop capacity 80 officers + 1,440 enlisted; armament 1 x 5"/38 cal (D.P.) + 4 twin and 1 quad 40mm; cargo 150,000 cu ft non-refrigerated / 2,900 DWT; builder Oregon S. B. Corp., Portland, Oreg.; acquired 28 Nov 1944; first commission 28 Nov 1944; year built 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and key dates. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-01
-
[3]DANFS, 'Jerauld (APA-174)' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (live NHHC URL returns 404 - verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20251209185150) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry body text + spec block (Wayback capture 20251209185150); mirror at ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/APA/apa174.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC records: launched under Maritime Commission contract by Oregon Shipbuilding Co., Portland, Oreg., 3 Nov 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Gloria Dahlberg; acquired and commissioned at Astoria, Oreg., 28 Nov 1944, Comdr. R. E. Perry in command. Shakedown off California; Seattle 5 Feb 1945 to Pearl Harbor (arr. 16 Feb) with Army flyers and civilian workers; 4 weeks amphibious exercises. Sailed Pearl Harbor 15 Mar with Marines for Okinawa via Eniwetok and Ulithi; off Okinawa 17-22 Apr debarking a Marine antiaircraft battalion under frequent air attacks; Saipan 22 Apr; Guadalcanal 10 May; departed Saipan 23 Jun for second Okinawa voyage with Army Engineers for airfield construction; off Okinawa 27 Jun-6 Jul; carried 250+ battle casualties to Saipan; San Francisco 26 Jul. Postwar: sailed 16 Aug for Philippines (Manila 6 Sep), occupation troops via Lingayen Gulf to Wakayama 7 Oct; Japanese ports; Nagoya 26 Oct; returnees via Pearl Harbor to San Diego; one additional Magic Carpet Philippines voyage. Sailed San Francisco 20 Feb 1946 via Canal Zone to Norfolk (arr. 11 Mar); decommissioned 6 May; returned to Maritime Commission and placed in NDRF James River. One battle star. Spec block: dp. 6,873; l. 455'; b. 62'; dr. 24'; s. 17 k.; cpl. 536; a. 1 5", 12 40mm., 10 20mm.; cl. Haskell; T. VC2-S-AP5. Namesake: 'A country [sic - county] in south-central South Dakota' (Jerauld County).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for service history; written while the ship remained in NDRF, so disposal detail post-dates it. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Jerauld (APA-174), file 10/03/03174 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 03174.htm - specifications block, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table, occupation-service line, disposal entries, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: TransRon Twenty-One (COMO J. R. Palmer) / TransDiv Sixty-Two (CAPT. H. E. Padock) assignments; campaign credit - Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 17-22 Apr and 27-30 Jun 1945); Navy Occupation Service Medal period 7-29 Oct 1945; decommissioned 6 May 1946 at Norfolk, VA; returned to Maritime Commission 17 May 1946 for lay-up NDRF James River Group, Lee Hall, VA; struck from Naval Register 21 May 1946; final disposition - sold for scrapping 17 May 1974 to Intershitra Corp, Netherlands, for $771,500, delivered 21 Jun 1974. Spec block: 6,873 t light / 14,837 t full; 455' x 62' x 24'; 17.7 kt; complement 56 officers + 480 enlisted; troop accommodations 80 officers + 1,440 enlisted; 1 Westinghouse geared turbine, 2 B&W header-type boilers (465 psi, 750F), double Westinghouse main reduction gears, three 300kW turbo-drive generators, 8,500 shp, one propeller; armament 1x5"/38 DP, 4 twin + 1 quad 40mm, 10x20mm; boats 2 LCM + 2 LCPL + 2 LCPR + 18 LCVP.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC except the MC-return date (NavSource 17 May 1946 vs MARAD status card fleet entry 10 May 1946 - resolved in the correction row). Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, Vessel History Database - JERAULD (APA-174), Ship History Detail 2492, including two digitized vessel status cards (2492_4655AF.jpg, 2492_4655AB.jpg) and the earlier USMC card (3H2_01.png) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 2492 registry block and milestones; /cards/2492_4655AF.jpg (front), /cards/2492_4655AB.jpg (permanent-ballast reverse), /cards/3H2_01.png (USMC status card)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD registry and status cards for this hull: Year Built 1944; Shipyard 'Oregon Shipbuilding Company'; General Type Naval Auxiliary; Specific Type 'APA Attack Transport'; MARAD Type VC2-S-AP5; length 455.00 ft, beam 62.00 ft; Fate 'Sold - Scrap'; milestones Disposition and Withdrawal both 6/21/1974. Status-card entries: Hull No. MCV140; built by Oregon S.B. Corp., delivered by builders to USMC at Astoria, Ore., 11-27-44 7:30 PM PWT; entered fleet (James River, unit 10) 5-10-46 - delivered at Lee Hall, Va. 3:15 PM EDT 'from Navy Dept.-Surplus'; lay-up reason 'High Cost to Convert for Commercial Use'; 2,326 bbls Bunker C fuel oil aboard at fleet entry; termination port of last voyage Norfolk. Card reverse documents permanent ballast added 11/30/49: poured cement in 3rd-deck No. 2 and No. 4 holds plus block and loose-sand fills in No. 4 hold. 'Sold scrap under PD-X-976, 5-17-74 to N.V. Intershitra, Netherlands for $771,500.00'; withdrawn from fleet / delivered to buyer 6-21-74 10:45 AM EDT.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Limitations
- Authoritative MARAD/USMC custody record - primary for the reserve-fleet chain and sale. Card handwriting partially legible (read against both card scans). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; the 1949 ballast entry records cement/sand fills only, not any insulation work; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-04
-
[6]shipscribe.com U.S. Navy Auxiliary Ships - HASKELL (APA-117) class page (construction and disposition tables, class notes; compiled from official records by Stephen S. Roberts) vs NavSource and MARAD status card [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe APA117 class page - construction row 174 (keel 19 Sep 44, launch 3 Nov 44, acq./commiss. 28 Nov 44), disposition row 174 (decomm. 6 May 46, strike 21 May 46, disposal 10 May 46, MC/R, MA sale 17 May 74), ship note 'To buyer 21 Jun 74'; NavSource 03174 disposal entries; MARAD card 3H2_01.png
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved in favor of primary/official records: (a) MC/NDRF transfer - NavSource records 'returned to the Maritime Commission 17 May 1946'; the MARAD status card records fleet entry at Lee Hall 10 May 1946 (3:15 PM EDT, from Navy Dept.-Surplus) and shipscribe's disposition table gives '10 May 46' - the card (primary custody document) and shipscribe agree; 10 May adopted for fleet entry, with NavSource's 17 May noted as possibly a title-transfer date. (b) NavalCoverMuseum lists this hull's fate as 'unknown' - superseded by MARAD card/registry (sold 17 May 1974, delivered 21 Jun 1974, scrapped Netherlands). (c) shipscribe construction table supplies the keel date (19 Sep 1944) that DANFS/NavSource omit. (d) shipscribe class notes assign Westinghouse turbines to APA-151 through APA-180, consistent with the SDB machinery row for this hull. (e) Full-load displacement figures differ by source measure - NavSource/DANFS-derived 14,837 t (trial, matching SDB) vs shipscribe '12,450 lim.' and MARAD registry 'Displacement, Lightweight 12,450.00' - different load states, not a factual conflict.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Limitations
- Resolves secondary-source conflicts against the MARAD status card and shipscribe tables; the 17 May 1946 NavSource date remains unexplained (possible title-transfer vs custody-entry distinction). None of the compared sources contains asbestos information; this row supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-05
-
[7]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + VC2-S-AP5 type data (shipscribe APA-117 class page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery table row for JERAULD APA 174; https://www.usnaux.shipscribe.com/APA/APA117.html class data
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a single-screw geared-steam plant (one Westinghouse turbine, two Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 465 psi / 750F superheat) built at the peak of WWII asbestos usage - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Troop-space outfitting (capacity 1,520) added interior insulation scope. Post-Navy custody (NDRF lay-up 1946-1974, incl. documented 1949 permanent-ballast work) and the 1974 sale for breaking in the Netherlands are the disturbance-phase pathways for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Population
- Construction trades at Oregon Shipbuilding Corp., Portland (1944); wartime crew and embarked troops; NDRF lay-up/custody workers and 1974 breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming APA-174 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-06
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this VC2-S-AP5 attack transport was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-07
-
[9]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era and type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-08
-
[10]Pruitt v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp., C.A. No. 18-1101-MN-SRF (D. Del., In re Asbestos Litigation / MDL-875 track) - Report and Recommendation (2020-07-30) and Memorandum Opinion, verified via ded.uscourts.gov opinion PDFs [court_record]
- Locator
- Report & Recommendation, Facts section (plaintiff's ship assignments); https://www.ded.uscourts.gov/sites/ded/files/opinions/18-1101_1.pdf; CourtListener search API v4 results (see search_ledger sl-uss-jerauld-apa174-06)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- The located attack-transport asbestos docket resolves to another class: plaintiff John W. Pruitt Sr. alleged mesothelioma from asbestos exposure as a machinist mate stationed in 1958 on 'the USS Bayfield, an attack transport' (APA-33, Bayfield class) and in 1959 on USS Tolovana (AO-64, Cimarron-class oiler). No docketed asbestos opinion naming USS Jerauld or APA-174 was located; authenticated CourtListener API v4 sweeps on 2026-09-25 returned zero opinions for '"Jerauld" asbestos' and '"USS Jerauld"', a single name-collision hit for '"APA-174"' (Schillinger Genetics, Inc. v. Benson Hill Seeds, Inc., Del. Ch. 2020-0260-MTZ - unrelated biotech case), and 316 docket hits for 'Jerauld' all resolving to surname parties (bankruptcy, ERISA, civil rights, product liability) with no ship or asbestos connection.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- opinions 2020; service 1958-1963; CL sweep 2026-09-25
- Population
- Navy veterans of APA-type auxiliaries (type context)
- Limitations
- Different hull and class - carried only to document that the APA-type litigation surface exists while no Jerauld-specific docket was found. Deposition-stage exposure descriptions are allegations, not findings. CourtListener coverage is limited to indexed opinions and RECAP dockets; unindexed state-court filings are outside this sweep.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-09
-
[11]Batch-2248 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback; NavSource 03174; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 2492 incl. three digitized status-card images; BuShips SDB 1945 v3 (PDF text-verified); shipscribe APA-117 class page; CourtListener API v4 (authenticated); indexed-web litigation checks; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-jerauld-apa174-01 through sl-uss-jerauld-apa174-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Jerauld / APA-174 / M.C.V. Hull 140 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Law-firm marketing pages (asbestos-ships.com ship profile; simmonsfirm.com Navy-ships list) assert era-typical asbestos content for this hull without primary support - excluded as sources per the no-law-firm-sources rule and logged in the batch report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 geared-steam transport is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her ~28 years in NDRF custody plus 1974 breaking are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-10
-
[12]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Jerauld 1944-1946 (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records incl. VC2-S-AP5 contract plans and Booklets of General Plans (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for M.C.V. Hull 140 at Oregon Shipbuilding (RG 178); MARAD/NDRF custody files covering the 1946-1974 lay-up, the 1949 permanent-ballast work order, and the 1974 sale file PD-X-976 (RG 357).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1974 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jerauld-apa174-11