Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 755-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-julius-a-raven-de600-pkt-755-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Julius A. Raven (APD-110) (namesake biography, builder, dates, service narrative, transfer/striking; verbatim NHHC page text via Wayback Machine capture 2025-01-31 - live NHHC URL returns 404, standing link rot matching Batch-01 and sibling-batch findings) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Julius A. Raven (APD-110)' - namesake paragraphs, construction/service paragraphs, specifications block (Wayback capture)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: named for Lt.(jg) Julius Arthur Raven, USNR (b. 6 January 1918, New York City) - USNR enlisted 5 June 1939, Aviation Cadet 5 September 1939, NRAB Floyd Bennett Field then NAS Pensacola, patrol squadron Pacific; Air Medal for landing in a rough sea off Amchitka on 25 June 1942 and embarking 13 crew of grounded submarine S-27 (SS-132) for safe return to Dutch Harbor; posthumous Distinguished Flying Cross for Aleutian Islands campaign reconnaissance and bombing missions over Kiska until lost at sea 9 August 1942. Hull: laid down as DE-600 on 26 January 1944 by Bethlehem Steel Co., Hingham, Mass.; launched 3 March 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Irene E. Raven, widow of Lt.(jg) Raven; reclassified APD-110 on 17 July 1944; commissioned 28 June 1945, Comdr. William J. Barney, Jr., USNR, in command. Service: after Caribbean shakedown, served as a training ship at Miami for student officers until decommissioned 31 May 1946 at Green Cove Springs, Fla.; Atlantic Reserve Fleet, moving to the Texas Group in July 1959; struck from the Navy List 15 January 1966 after transfer on loan as Ung Po (DANFS reads 'APD-83') to the Republic of Korea 13 January 1966 under the Military Assistance Program. Spec block (APD-110): dp. 1,650; l. 306'; b. 37'; dr. 12'7"; s. 23 k.; cpl. 204; a. 1 5", 6 40mm., 6 20mm., 2 dct.; cl. Crosley.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1966
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades 1944-45; wartime crew (DANFS complement 204); student officers embarked for training 1945-46; reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-1966
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. Live NHHC page returns 404; verbatim Wayback capture 2025-01-31 cited (canonical URL retained). DANFS names the Korean pennant 'APD-83' while NavSource and the Wikipedia derivative read 'PG-83' (later redesignations also conflict: APD-823/DE-825 vs APD-825/DE-825) - carried in gaps. DANFS text prints 'S-21' in one sentence of the namesake passage - internal typo for S-27 (SS-132), which the same paragraph correctly names twice; carried as documented typo, not reconciled.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. III (1945, NAVSHIPS 250-012), Auxiliaries-High Speed Transports (APD) roster, RAVEN row (roster row 84) across the dimensions, machinery, armament, complement, and builder/dates tables (shipscribe.com scan; tesseract OCR + visual read of book pp. 304-309) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APD roster row 84: dimensions table (book p. 304), complement/troops table (book p. 305), machinery table (book p. 306), armament table (book p. 308), builder/dates table (book p. 309); 'List of Naval Vessels' APD section 'APD110 JULIUS A. RAVEN'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous official BuShips roster rows for this hull (roster row 84): 'RAVEN, JULIUS A. (ex-DE600)', official number APD110; builder 'Bethlehem S. B. Co., Hingham, Mass.'; keel laid 26 Jan 44 (visual read of scan - OCR drops the leading digit; concurs with DANFS/NavSource); launched 3 Mar 44; 'date of first commission' column blank (consistent with the April 1945 data date - she commissioned 28 June 1945). Dimensions: 306'0" oa / 300'0" wl, 37'0" beam, 23.6 kt, 1,650 t standard / 2,130 t full load, draft 12'7". Complement: 12 officers + 192 enlisted; troop accommodations 12 officers + 150 enlisted; boom capacity 10 t. Machinery: 2 shafts, 'G. E. turbo-elec', 12,000 shp; 2 'D' Exp boilers, 435 psi / 750 deg F. Armament: 1 5-in/38 cal. (D.P.) with 3 twin 40mm mounts on the ex-DE hull pattern. Vol. III's 'List of Naval Vessels' separately lists 'APD110 JULIUS A. RAVEN'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard construction trades 1944-45
- Limitations
- Official contemporaneous build/design roster - documents identity, builder, dates, and plant as of April 1945; contains no insulation or materials information and says nothing about asbestos. OCR of the scanned page was supplemented by a visual read of the row image for the keel-laid date ('26 Jan 44'); remaining cells read cleanly. Commissioning cell blank because the ship commissioned after the volume's data date - not an omission of a completed event.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-02
-
[4]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Julius A Raven (APD-110) ex-DE-600 page - building/operational data block, APD specification block, commanding-officer roster, awards, and captioned photographs (live page fetched 2026-09-29) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/04/04110.htm - chronology, APD specification block, commanding-officer roster, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compiled record for this hull: laid down 26 January 1944 as Julius A. Raven (DE-600), a Rudderow-class destroyer escort at Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard Co., Hingham, Mass.; launched 3 March 1944; redesignated a Crosley-class high-speed transport 17 July 1944; commissioned 28 June 1945 (CDR William J. Barney, Jr., USNR); decommissioned 31 May 1946 at Green Cove Springs, Fla.; laid up Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Florida Group; transferred 1959 to Texas Group; struck from the Naval Register 15 January 1966; transferred on loan under MAP to South Korea 13 January 1966 as ROKS Ung Po (PG-83), pennant changes (PG-83) (APD-823) (DE-825); purchased by South Korea 15 November 1974; deleted by the South Korean Navy 1984 and broken up for scrap. Awards: American Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal. APD spec block: 1,630 t lt / 2,130 t fl; 306' oa; 37' beam; 12'7" draft; 23.6 kt trial; 6,000 nm at 12 kt; complement 12 officers/192 enlisted; troop accommodations 12 officers/150 enlisted; four LCVPs; 1x5"/38, 3x twin 40mm, 6x 20mm, 2 dct; 2 Babcock & Wilcox 'D' Express boilers 435 psi/750F, GE turbo-electric drive, 2 shafts, 12,000 shp. Commanding officers: CDR William J. Barney Jr. USNR (28 Jun 1945 - 18 Oct 1945); LCDR Theodore W. Brooks USNR (18 Oct 1945 - 21 Mar 1946); LTjg Frederick H. Wallis USNR (21 Mar - 31 May 1946). Captioned USN 'All Hands' August 1946 p. 12 photograph shows six APDs in the St. Johns River reserve berthing at Green Cove Springs circa July 1946 with Julius A. Raven (APD-110) identifiable alongside Ruchamkin (APD-89) and Crosley (APD-87).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1984
- Population
- Wartime/postwar crew (12 officers/192 enlisted); embarked troops up to 162; reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-1966; ROKN crew 1966-1984
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained compiled archive - lead-level documentation, not a contemporaneous official record; dates and specs concur with DANFS and the BuShips 1945 roster where they overlap. The ROK pennant sequence (PG-83 / APD-823 / DE-825) conflicts with DANFS ('APD-83') and with the Wikipedia derivative ('APD-825 / DE-825') - carried in gaps, not reconciled. Contributed photo captions and the CO roster are unattributed detail. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-03
-
[5]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 Vol. III APD-110 machinery row (2 'D' Exp boilers 435 psi/750F; G.E. turbo-electric 12,000 shp) + DANFS Crosley-class notation + GAO HRD-80-2 era context + Atlas class-pattern precedent for steam-powered escorts [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APD-110 machinery row (book p. ~305); cf. SDB1945v1 DE design-group table (TEV=group 3) and the diesel-group 'None' boiler cells
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: a Rudderow-class (TEV) escort hull completed as a Crosley-class APD at a commercial wartime yard in 1944-45 carried a full superheated steam plant - the BuShips roster assigns two 'D' Express boilers at 435 psi/750 deg F and G.E. turbo-electric machinery to this hull - so the era-standard asbestos categories of a steam-powered escort apply as inference: boiler and fireroom insulation, steam-line lagging, turbine insulation, gaskets and packing on steam and feed systems, electrical insulation, fireproofing, and deck coverings. Unlike the diesel DE designs (GMT/FMR/DET groups, whose SDB roster rows read 'None' in the boiler columns), the TE/TEV designs retained boilers and steam lines, so the largest asbestos categories of steam ships apply to this design. The APD conversion did not change the propulsion plant - it reworked topside spaces for troop berthing and four LCVP davits.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1984
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades 1944-45; crew 1945-46; reserve-fleet maintenance 1946-66; ROKN crew 1966-84
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding. No insulation schedule or material list for DE-600/APD-110 was located; this establishes era-consistent expectation for the type, not that any specific material went aboard this hull. Does not quantify material or establish any individual's exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-04
-
[6]Atlas shipyard dataset (shipyard-exposure-map/client/src/data/shipyards.json, 37 yard_ids): 'bethlehem-shipbuilding' = Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation (tier 3; corporate record anchored on the Quincy/Fore River, MA and Sparrows Point, MD sites) - the parent corporation of the builder yard; no 'bethlehem-hingham' entry exists in the dataset [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json records 'bethlehem-shipbuilding' (and absence of 'bethlehem-hingham'); DANFS/NavSource construction and service narrative
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Builder-yard context: the builder, Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard (Hingham, Mass.), is NOT a distinct entry in the Atlas yard dataset. The nearest dataset record, 'bethlehem-shipbuilding', is the corporate record for the parent Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation anchored on the Quincy/Fore River and Sparrows Point sites - the Hingham yard is inside that corporate family (the record's alias set includes 'BethShip; Fore River Shipyard; Sparrows Point; Union Iron Works'), so the slug is carried in related_shipyards as the corporate parent with this caveat: the record's site-specific asbestos evidence is Quincy/Sparrows Point-level and does not document conditions at the Hingham yard specifically. No other dataset yard is documented in this hull's history: DANFS and NavSource name no repair or conversion yard beyond the builder (the DE-to-APD reclassification was performed while under construction at Hingham, with no separate conversion contractor named), and the Green Cove Springs and Texas Group reserve-fleet berthings were in-water mooring sites, not yard availabilities.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard construction trades 1944-45
- Limitations
- Yard context only - documents the builder's corporate parent environment as recorded for other sites, not this hull's materials, and does not establish that asbestos went aboard DE-600/APD-110. No shipyard availability other than the builder is documented for this hull, so no yard-level exposure event can be attached to the ship's active career.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-05
-
[7]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's extensive shipboard asbestos insulation use with substitution not beginning until the early 1970s - DE-600/APD-110 (built 1944-45) falls inside the documented asbestos-use era for Navy ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers
- Limitations
- Program-level era context only. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches - standing limitation across batches); content via product-page description. Says nothing about this specific hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 sweep (opinion index type=o and RECAP docket index type=r) for the exact ship name and hull numbers via cl-auth-search.py (authenticated, fleet-paced helper) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4 results 2026-09-29: '"Julius A. Raven"' type=o count=0, type=r count=0; '"APD-110"'/'"DE-600"' queries attempted, blocked by fleet pacer (see search_ledger sl-05 through sl-08)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep: exact-name opinion query '"Julius A. Raven"' (type=o) returned 0 hits - no published opinion indexed on CourtListener names the ship; the matching RECAP docket query (type=r) also returned 0 hits. Hull-number queries ('"APD-110"' and '"DE-600"', opinion and docket) and the Korean-name query could not be completed this session: the fleet-wide CourtListener pacing budget (~114 requests/hr shared across batch sessions) stood the helper down; carried as a coverage limitation, not a result.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Population
- None
- Limitations
- Partial sweep only. Exact-name coverage is complete across opinion and docket indexes (0 hits each); hull-number and Korean-name sweeps are UNVERIFIED - 'DE-600' is also an ECF entry-number format that produces false positives on sibling hulls, and 'APD-110' and 'Ung Po' would require manual screening of any hits. Sweep coverage is the CourtListener index only; state-court records, PACER-only filings, bankruptcy trust claims, settled/undocketed claims, and Republic of Korea service-era claims are outside it. 'No result' does not prove no claim was ever filed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-07
-
[9]Batch-4415 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (Wayback capture), BuShips SDB 1945 Vol. III APD roster (OCR + visual), NavSource archive page, Atlas shipyard dataset, NARA catalog/DPLA, CourtListener API v4, GAO product page, NVR probe, hazegray mirror probe, general web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-01 through sl-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for DE-600/APD-110: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, material schedule, or museum documentation exists for this hull in the public sources searched - it was scrapped in South Korea in 1984, pre-dating and outside the museum-donation and U.S. hazmat-disclosure channels that produced records for preserved escorts (e.g., USS Slater DE-766, USS Stewart DE-238). The only 'asbestos' hits naming the ship in general web search are law-firm marketing pages that enumerate every WWII hull - non-authoritative and excluded by batch rules; none cites a primary record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Population
- None
- Limitations
- Absence of a located record is not proof of absence aboard - 1944-45 Bethlehem-Hingham construction falls inside the documented Navy asbestos-use era (GAO HRD-80-2), and the TEV plant carried the steam-system categories most associated with shipboard asbestos. The hull was scrapped abroad in 1984, so no present-day survey is possible and any South Korean-era material records were not searched. Deck logs (RG 24), the WWII war-history film record (RG 38-era, NAID 77655421), and BuShips construction records (RG 19, incl. any General Information Book for DE-600/APD-110) at NARA are unsurveyed leads. Does not establish that asbestos was or was not present aboard; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-08
-
[10]NARA record 'USS JULIUS A RAVEN - War History' (NAID 77655421, micro serial 157318), Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, WWII War Diaries/Other Operational Records and Histories series - via DPLA metadata; NARA RG 19 BuShips specifications and RG 24 deck logs [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA NAID 77655421 (DPLA metadata); RG 19 / RG 24 finding leads
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads for hull-level documentation not yet retrieved: (1) NARA NAID 77655421, 'USS JULIUS A RAVEN - War History', a microfilmed WWII war-history entry (micro serial 157318) in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations records - the catalog page renders as an SPA shell to programmatic fetches, but the DPLA metadata record establishes the holding; (2) NARA RG 19 BuShips per-vessel specifications and any General Information Book covering DE-600's construction at Bethlehem-Hingham and the Crosley-class conversion; (3) NARA RG 24 deck logs for the 1945-46 commission period; (4) Military Assistance Program transfer records documenting condition at handover to the Republic of Korea in January 1966; (5) Republic of Korea Navy records for the Ung Po period (1966-1984), including the 1974 purchase and 1984 disposal - not searched.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1984 (holdings); 2026-09-29 (search)
- Population
- None
- Limitations
- Leads only - none of these holdings were pulled or digitized; contents unknown. They establish nothing about materials aboard. NARA catalog returns an SPA shell to programmatic fetches (same standing limitation as prior batches); DPLA mirrors the record metadata.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-julius-a-raven-de600-09