Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Jupiter' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'USS Jupiter' returned 7 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-jupiter-ac3-cl-name-opinion
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[2]CourtListener docket search: 'USS Jupiter' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'USS Jupiter' returned 194 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-jupiter-ac3-cl-name-docket
-
[3]CourtListener opinion search: 'AC-3' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'AC-3' returned 56001 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-jupiter-ac3-cl-hull-opinion
-
[4]CourtListener docket search: 'AC-3' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'AC-3' returned 282276 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-jupiter-ac3-cl-hull-docket
-
[5]DANFS, Langley I (AV-3) - Jupiter (AC-3) construction and collier service 1913-1920, conversion milestones (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page returned HTTP 404 on 2026-09-19; 2009 Wayback capture of history.navy.mil/danfs/l3/langley-i.htm corroborates) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Langley I (AV-3) entry - AC-3 spec block and collier-era narrative paragraphs 1-3; Wayback: web.archive.org/web/2009*/history.navy.mil/danfs/l3/langley-i.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented collier-era milestones for this hull: Jupiter (AC-3) laid down 18 Oct 1911 by Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, Calif.; launched 24 Aug 1912, sponsored by Mrs. Thomas F. Ruhm; commissioned 7 Apr 1913, Comdr. Joseph M. Reeves in command - 'the first electrically propelled ship of the U.S. Navy.' Reported to the Pacific Fleet at Mazatlan 27 Apr 1914 during the Vera Cruz crisis; departed for Philadelphia 10 Oct 1914 and transited the Panama Canal on Columbus Day - the first vessel to transit west to east. Atlantic Fleet Auxiliary Division; arrived Norfolk 6 Apr 1917; assigned to NOTS with cargo voyages to France June 1917 and Nov 1918; sailed for Brest coaling duty 8 Mar 1919; back at Norfolk 17 Aug 1919. Conversion to an aircraft carrier authorized 11 Jul 1919; decommissioned at Hampton Roads 24 Mar 1920; renamed Langley 21 Apr 1920; reclassified CV-1 and recommissioned 20 Mar 1922. AC-3 spec block: dp. 19,360; l. 542'; b. 65'; dr. 27'8"; s. 15 k.; cpl. 163; a. 4 4".
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1911-1920 (collier identity)
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard construction trades (1911-13); ship's company 163 (collier spec block)
- Limitations
- Authoritative Navy history for milestones; contains no asbestos or insulation-material content. DANFS covers the collier inside the Langley I entry - there is no separate Jupiter DANFS page. Live history.navy.mil URL returned 404 on 2026-09-19; citation is the verbatim HyperWar transcription corroborated by a 2009 Wayback capture of the official page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-01
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[6]Shipscribe (S. Roberts register, successor to Bauer & Roberts), USS Jupiter AC-3 class page - construction/disposition table, machinery, appropriation and conversion detail [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe.com/usnaux/AC/AC03.html - construction table, class notes, machinery line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Register-grade documentation of the collier: FY 1909 act (13 May 08) authorized two fleet colliers of 14-kt trial speed carrying not less than 12,500 tons; SecNav directed Fleet Collier No. 3 to Mare Island Navy Yard 16 May 08; funding shortfalls deferred work until the FY 1912 act (4 Mar 11) set a $1,200,000 limit. Bureau of Steam Engineering proposed electric propulsion 4 Apr 1911; General Board recommended trial 13 Apr 1911. Keel 18 Oct 1911; launched 24 Aug 1912; commissioned 7 Apr 1913; complement 170 (Navy); 14.99 kts; 7,161 HP. Machinery: 'G. E. electric drive: 1 Curtis turbo-generator and 2 motors, 2 screws' - a single ~5,000-kW turbine generating unit feeding two induction motors, one per shaft. Guns (4-4"/50) held in reserve under the 9 Dec 1912 directive and mounted after the 13 Mar 1915 SecNav reversal. Congress authorized 'conversion of the United States steamship JUPITER to an aeroplane carrier' (up to $500,000) 11 Jul 1919; decommissioned 24 Mar 1920; renamed Langley 21 Apr 1920; classified CV-1 under the 17 Jul 1920 standardization. Sister-hull note: CYCLOPS, NEPTUNE, and JUPITER (Fleet Colliers Nos. 4, 8, 3) shared one hull design with three different propulsion plants - listed separately, not a formal class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1908-1942
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard trades (1911-13); Navy crew ~163-170
- Limitations
- Register data (secondary compilation from official records) - no asbestos or material content. Complement 170 conflicts with the DANFS spec-block 163; variance recorded in gaps, not reconciled. Shipscribe dates the AV-3 reclassification action 14 Jan 1937 with the 21 Apr 1937 figure being the fleet notification - reconciles the DANFS/NavSource 21-vs-11 April variance (see correction row ev-06).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-02
-
[7]Naval Historical Foundation, 'About Those Colliers,' Dr. David Winkler (Thursday Tidings, 4 Mar 2021) - authorization and construction narrative for Jupiter (Fleet Collier No. 3) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navyhistory.org/2021/03/about-those-colliers/ - paragraphs on authorization, construction, rigs, propulsion
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Historian's account confirming collier-era specifics: Special Order 92 (12 Sep 1908, SecNav Victor H. Metcalf) named the pair Jupiter (Fleet Collier No. 3) and Cyclops (No. 4); Cramp & Sons' low bid built Cyclops first while Jupiter's funding lagged; Jupiter laid down 18 Oct 1911 with President Taft attending, launched 24 Aug 1912 - corroborating the official DANFS date against the NavSource/hazegray '14 Aug' variant. Construction detail: coal-fired boilers with two side-by-side stacks, 13 cargo holds (forward holds convertible between oil and coal), Lidgerwood-type rig of seven centerline derricks with 24 booms plus an astern-refueling rig; decks strengthened for four 4-inch/50 guns; turbo-electric plant chosen as the Navy's test case for the propulsion later adopted in the New Mexico-class battleships.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1908-1913
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard construction workforce (1911-13)
- Limitations
- Reputable naval-history publication (NHF, now hosted by USNI), not a primary document - corroborative detail only; contains no asbestos or insulation-material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-03
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[8]NavSource Naval History, USS Langley (AV-3) ex-CV-1 ex-Jupiter (Collier #3) index page - collier/CV/AV spec blocks, timeline, NHHC photo captions [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 09/02/0203 collier spec block (steam, twin screws) and timeline; era substitution timing per GAO HRD-80-2 product description
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steam-driven fleet collier built 1911-13 and converted to an aircraft carrier at Norfolk Navy Yard 1920-22 sits inside the period in which marine steam plants were lagged and gasketed with asbestos-containing materials. Era-standard applications included boiler casing and fireroom insulation, steam-pipe lagging, turbine insulation, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and compartment insulation. The turbo-electric plant was still a steam plant - coal-fired boilers raised steam for the turbo-generator - so the same lagging and gasket applications apply as to any steam auxiliary. The Navy did not substitute alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s, so every insulation installation on this hull (1913 build; 1920-22 conversion) predates the substitution era.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1911-1922
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard trades (1911-13); Norfolk Navy Yard conversion trades (1920-22); ship's company 163-170 (collier era)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or product identification located for this ship under either identity, and the wreck interior's material condition is undocumented. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials on this hull; no quantity; no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-04
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[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - meaning every insulation installation aboard this hull (1911-13 build; 1920-22 Norfolk conversion; 1936-37 Mare Island conversion under the Langley identity) predates the substitution era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; GAO fieldwork was at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards. Supports era context for insulation practice at build and conversions, not any fact specific to this hull; full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - description via product page. Same standing limitation as batches 01/04/106.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-05
-
[10]Cross-source date reconciliation: DANFS (NHHC official + HyperWar transcription) / Shipscribe register / Naval Historical Foundation vs. NavSource collier index and hazegray DANFS transcription [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS Langley I entry; shipscribe.com/usnaux/AC/AC03.html; navyhistory.org 2021 colliers article; navsource.net/archives/09/02/0203.htm; hazegray.org/danfs/auxil/ac3.htm (via losthistory.net mirror - live hazegray unreachable)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Three documented variances consolidated so downstream readers do not re-derive them: (1) Launch date - official DANFS text (Wayback capture of history.navy.mil), the HyperWar transcription, the Shipscribe register, and the NHF history all give 24 Aug 1912; NavSource's collier index and the hazegray DANFS transcription read '14 August 1912,' matching NHHC photo captions captioned 'ready for launching... 14 August 1912' - consistent with 14 Aug being a pre-launch photo date; 24 Aug carried. (2) AV-3 reclassification - DANFS and standard references give 21 Apr 1937; NavSource reads 11 Apr 1937; Shipscribe records the reclassification action as 14 Jan 1937 with Commander Base Force notified 21 Apr 1937 - the administrative chain that reconciles the discrepancy; both dates disclosed. (3) Collier complement - DANFS spec block 163; Shipscribe register 170 (Navy); both disclosed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1911-1937
- Limitations
- Correction/consolidation row - describes source variance, does not resolve which figure is administratively 'correct'; no asbestos content. The 'AC-3' symbol itself is retrospective: the hull was renamed Langley (Apr 1920) before the standardized classification scheme assigned CV-1 (17 Jul 1920), so the collier never formally wore an 'AC-3' hull symbol in service - it is the conventional designation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-06
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[11]Batch-426 search ledger (this record): DANFS/HyperWar + Wayback NHHC; Shipscribe register; Naval Historical Foundation; NavSource; NVR; CourtListener API v4 (throttled); site:courtlistener.com index substitute; general web index; GAO HRD-80-2 [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-jupiter-ac3-01 through sl-uss-jupiter-ac3-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Jupiter (AC-3) or the same hull as USS Langley (CV-1/AV-3) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The CourtListener opinion/docket index could not be swept directly this session - API v4 returned HTTP 429 ('Rate limit exceeded: 125/day', ~7h backoff) and the web UI returned HTTP 403 on 2026-09-19; a site:courtlistener.com web-index substitute surfaced only unrelated litigation (surname 'Langley' hits, submarine and shipyard asbestos cases naming other hulls, commercial-vessel maritime cases), and a general web-index sweep surfaced only law-firm and competitor marketing pages - no docketed case naming this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the ship sank substantially intact and 1913/1922-era insulation plausibly went down with her, but the wreck interior is undocumented. The litigation negative finding is qualified: CourtListener was never searched directly (throttled), and both names are collision-prone - 'Jupiter' (surname, place, and USS Jupiter AK-43, a different WWII cargo ship) and 'Langley' (USS Langley CVL-27, a different hull in service 1943-63 and a plausible asbestos-case subject; Langley AFB; Langley, Va.; surname hits). Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-jupiter-ac3-07