Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet fq-packet.md (6 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Kalk (DD-611); designation DD; type destroyer; class Benson
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-kalk-dd611-pkt-fq-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'Kalk' (DD-611) entry - namesake, spec block, service narrative (verbatim transcription via hazegray.org mirror, Wayback capture 2024-05-25; live NHHC page returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- hazegray.org danfs/destroy/dd611txt.htm via Wayback capture 2024-05-25-052709 (DANFS entry, spec block + service narrative)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: second Kalk (DD-611), Benson class; spec block 1,620 t, 348'4" x 36'1" x 11'9", complement 258, 37.5 kt, 4x5", 4x40-mm., 7x20-mm., 5x21" tt, 6 dcp, 2 dct. Laid down 30 June 1941 by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Francisco, Calif.; launched 18 July 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Flora Stanton Kalk (mother of Lieutenant Kalk); commissioned 17 October 1942, Lt. Comdr. C. T. Singleton, Jr. Aleutians patrol/escort Jan-Feb 1943 (embarked 185 survivors of SS Arthur Middleton and Worden DD-352 on 16 January); Atlantic convoy escort Apr-Dec 1943 (UGF-8 to Oran; Casablanca; three US-North Africa convoys); Pacific Jan 1944, DesDiv 38; New Guinea ops (Milne Bay, Admiralties bombardments, Tanahmerah Bay, Wakde-Sarmi, Biak/Owi); bomb hit off southern Biak 12 June 1944 - 'abaft her forward stack at the base of her starboard torpedo tubes,' torpedo air flasks exploded, 70 casualties; emergency repairs Hollandia; complete repairs and alteration at Mare Island, arriving San Francisco 31 July; Ulithi-based ASW screening Nov 1944-Aug 1945 (Lingayen, Iwo Jima TG 50.8, Okinawa logistics; 5 June 1945 typhoon, minor damage); Tokyo Bay 1 Sep escorting Detroit CL-8, present at surrender 2 September; home via San Diego, Boston arrival 11 December; overhaul; Charleston 20 January 1946; decommissioned Charleston 3 May 1946; Atlantic Reserve Fleet, berthed Orange, Tex. (as of 1968 entry). Eight battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1968
- Population
- Bethlehem San Francisco construction trades (1941-42); wartime crew (design complement 258); yard workers at documented repair/overhaul periods
- Limitations
- Documents identity, construction milestones, and service history; contains no materials or asbestos content. The 1968-era entry predates the 1968 striking and 1969 sinking - those events are carried from NavSource (ev-03). Transcription mirror cited because the live NHHC page returns 404 (standing link rot per batch-01). '70 casualties' is not split into killed/wounded.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 1 (January 1945) - destroyer contract-data and machinery tables, entry 218 (shipscribe.com scan; image-only PDF read by targeted OCR) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v1.pdf - destroyer machinery table (book p. ~164, PDF p. 92, entry 218 'KALK...DD611') and contract-data table (book p. ~167, PDF p. 93, entry 218)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official BuShips reference data for this hull (destroyer table entry 218): contract-data table records DD-611 'KALK' built by Bethlehem Steel Co., San Francisco, Calif., contract price $5,977,000, under the act of 19 July 1940, contract signed 16 December 1940 (identical terms to DD-606 Coghlan and DD-612 Kendrick rows). Machinery table lists DD-611 with 2 Bethlehem geared turbines, 50,000 shp, 4 Babcock & Wilcox boilers (ditto marker) at 575 psi / 750 F.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Primary-quality official contract and machinery data; the 53 MB scan is image-only and was read by targeted OCR, so per-cell transcription errors are possible. The 575 psi / 750 F boiler conditions differ from lead ship DD-421's documented 575 psi / 700 F - a per-hull datum. No asbestos or insulation-material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-02
-
[4]NavSource Destroyer Archive, USS Kalk (DD-611) page - as-built data block, milestones, fate, namesake biography, photo captions (via Wayback capture 2024-12-01; direct fetch fails); corroborated for stricken/sunk dates by uboat.net Allied Warships entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.org/archives/05/611.htm header block + photo captions (Wayback 2024-12-01); uboat.net/allies/warships/1776.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Cross-check data for this hull. NavSource as-built block: 2,395 t full, 348'4" oa x 36'1" x 13'2" max, 4x5"/38 AA, 6x0.5" MG, 10x21" tt (2x5), 50,000 shp Bethlehem turbines, 2 screws, 35 kt, 6,500 NM at 12 kt, crew 208; call sign NBOJ. Milestones: laid down Bethlehem Steel San Francisco 30 June 1941; launched 18 July 1942; commissioned 17 October 1942; decommissioned 3 May 1946; stricken 1 June 1968; 'Sunk as target by VA66 flying from CVS-11 60 miles east of St Augustine, FL, March 20 1969.' Namesake biography (Lt. Stanton Frederick Kalk, USNA 1916, USS Jacob Jones, posthumous DSM) and photo captions including 'Off the Mare Island Navy Yard, California, 27 December 1942' (NARA photo 19-N-38929) and images of the hull in the Orange, Tex. reserve berth. uboat.net corroborates: stricken 1 June 1968, sunk as a target off Florida 20 March 1969.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1969
- Population
- Wartime crew; Atlantic Reserve Fleet caretakers (1946-1968)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-curated photo archive - cross-check grade, not a government source; stricken/sunk dates corroborated by uboat.net. Variances against DANFS: crew 208 as-built vs 258 wartime spec; 35 kt vs 37.5 kt; armament counts differ between as-built and wartime refit states. NavSource's '30 of her crew were lost and remain on duty' is a boilerplate casualty line consistent with the Biak dead within DANFS's '70 casualties' but is not independently verified - carried in gaps, not asserted. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-03
-
[5]NARA archival holdings for this hull: 'USS KALK - War Diary, 6/1-30/45' (Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, WWII War Diaries; National Archives at College Park; micro serial 133818) - indexed via Digital Public Library of America [other_primary]
- Locator
- dp.la/item/c7ab5330ab9bbe22e490f701dadcf5bf (DPLA index record for NARA 101758815); destroyerhistory.org records index checked - no DD-611 GIB located
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds ship-authored operational records for this hull: a June 1945 war diary is indexed in the catalog (DPLA item c7ab5330ab9bbe22e490f701dadcf5bf, catalog.archives.gov/id/101758815, micro serial 133818), and deck logs for USS Kalk (DD-611) are listed among NARA-holdings retrieval lists. War diaries and deck logs document operations and daily machinery/location data; they are the retrieval path for any ship-generated record of materials handled aboard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Holdings index only - the documents' contents were not reviewed for this record; war diaries document operations, not materials, and no asbestos-specific content is expected or asserted. Deeper material-spec leads would be the SupShip Bethlehem San Francisco General Information Book if it survives (none located at destroyerhistory.org for DD-611) and NARA RG19/RG181 yard correspondence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s; standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs, modified 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. This hull's entire life (built 1941-42; reserve from 1946; expended 1969) predates the substitution era - original insulation was never subject to the Navy's documented replacement program.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; contains no ship-specific data. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, so content is via the product-page description (standing limitation per batch-01). The hull was destroyed a decade before the report period.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-05
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[7]Batch-3583 search ledger (this record): CourtListener opinion and RECAP sweeps; NHHC DANFS (live + mirrors); BuShips Ships' Data 1945; NavSource; NARA/DPLA holdings; NVR; GAO; indirect web search [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kalk-dd611-01 through sl-uss-kalk-dd611-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, materials inventory, hull-condition report, museum hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos litigation naming USS Kalk or DD-611 was found in the official and authoritative sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener sweep completed 2026-09-27 after sustained fleet pace-limit contention: 'USS Kalk' opinions 0; 'DD-611' opinions 0; 'USS Kalk' RECAP dockets 0; 'DD-611' RECAP returned 8 hits, all unrelated civil/bankruptcy matters where 'DD-611' appears as a document/identifier collision - no vessel litigation. Indirect web searching surfaced only law-firm and aggregator list pages naming the hull (a dedicated mesotheliomasymptoms.com page and list entries at mesotheliomahelp.org, simmonsfirm.com, duboselawfirm.com) - excluded per batch source rules.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. The hull was in the reserve fleet from 1946, stricken 1968, and expended as an unmanned target 1969 - predating routine ACM documentation and leaving no preserved hull to survey, so the disclosure channels that produced records for museum hulls never applied. RECAP coverage is limited to indexed text; non-indexed dockets and un-digitized records are outside coverage. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-06
-
[8]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips Ships' Data 1945 DD-611 machinery row (ev-02), GAO HRD-80-2 era documentation (ev-05), class profile benson-gleaves-class [other_primary]
- Locator
- machinery figures from ev-02; substitution-era documentation ev-05; class profile benson-gleaves-class.class.json
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1941-42 Bethlehem San Francisco-built high-pressure steam destroyer of this class (4 Babcock & Wilcox superheated boilers 575 psi/750 F, 2 Bethlehem geared turbines, 50,000 shp, built in the Navy's peak asbestos-use era) would have carried period-standard asbestos applications: boiler insulation, steam-line and turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, fireproofing, and deck coverings. Navy-wide substitution of insulation materials did not begin until the early 1970s - after this hull was expended in 1969. Documented yard periods (Mare Island repair/alteration July-October 1944 after the Biak bomb hit; New York and Boston overhauls late 1943; Boston December 1945-January 1946; Charleston inactivation 1946) are the points at which machinery-space insulation would have been disturbed.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1969
- Population
- Bethlehem San Francisco construction trades (1941-42); Mare Island repair workers (1944); New York and Boston overhaul yard workers (1943, 1945-46); wartime crew (design complement 258); Atlantic Reserve Fleet caretakers (1946-68)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or abatement record was located. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; establishes no quantities and no exposure for any individual; cannot support 'documented aboard this hull' wording.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kalk-dd611-07