USS Keywadin (ATA-213)

Evidence

13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).

1. [1]research packet crew-dd-packet.md (7 sources cited) [other_primary]

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Evidence ID

   uss-keywadin-ata213-pkt-crew-dd-packet-md

2. [2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Keywadin II (ATA-213)', Naval History and Heritage Command [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   DANFS K-volume entry; canonical NHHC URL 404 as of 2026-09-26 (NHHC link rot, standing); verbatim text verified at Wayback capture 2025-02-01 (web.archive.org/web/20250201211601)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS entry 'Keywadin II (ATA-213)': spec line dp. 835 (tl.), l. 143', b. 34', dr. 13'2", s. 13 k., cpl. 45, a. 1 x 3" + 2 x 20mm, 'cl. Maricopa'; namesake an Indian word meaning 'North Wind'; authorized ATR-140, reclassified ATA-213 15 May 1944; launched 9 April 1945 by Gulfport Boiler & Welding Works, Port Arthur, Tex.; commissioned 1 June 1945, Lt. Vincent A. Galterio USNR in command. After Gulf of Mexico shakedown, cleared New Orleans 4 July 1945 towing a barracks ship and floating derricks to the Marshall Islands; arrived Majuro 24 September; after towing assignments returned Pearl Harbor 17 October; operated there until sailing for the East Coast 28 June 1946; arrived Boston 28 September to serve in the 1st Naval District. Named Keywadin 16 January 1948; through 1964 performed Atlantic-coast towing out of Boston (disabled ships to repair ports, gunnery targets, mail) primarily in the 1st and 4th Naval Districts with runs south to Charleston and Mayport towing barges and ships for overhaul; October 1964 began two months of torpedo-recovery services for patrol aircraft; still in 1st Naval District service through 1967 (entry predates decommissioning).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1945-1967

   Population

   Navy crew of 45 (1945-1970)

   Limitations

   Primary official vessel history; contains no asbestos or insulation-material information. Does not establish asbestos presence, absence, exposure, or quantity aboard this hull. Entry omits a laid-down date and its narrative ends in 1967 - decommissioning (1970), striking (1980), and sinking (2001) are not covered; the 'cl. Maricopa' class line conflicts with the NavSource 'Sotoyomo' label (see correction row ev-11). Boston arrival '28 September' year (1946) is inferred from the sequence.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-01

3. [3]NavSource Online Service Ship Photo Archive, page 38213 - USS Keywadin (ATA-213) chronology, specifications, commanding-officer list, photo captions, ribbon display (Gary P. Priolo compilation; page last updated 2021-03-26) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Page header chronology, specifications block, photo captions (hull 258 trials; Boston Naval Shipyard 1960; Falmouth/Cape Cod Bay with USS Parle DE-708 Aug-Sep 1962; NHHC photo USN 1115590 off South Annex 24 Mar 1964), CO table, awards display

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource service-ship archive page 38213 (USS Keywadin ATA-213, ex-USS ATA-213 1945-1948): chronology and spec block record - authorized as Rescue Ocean Tug ATR-140; reclassified ATA-213 15 May 1944; laid down 16 February 1945 at Gulfport Boiler and Welding Works, Port Arthur, TX; launched 9 April 1945; commissioned USS ATA-213 1 June 1945 (Lt. Vincent A. Galterio USNR); WWII Asiatic-Pacific Theater assignment; named USS Keywadin 16 January 1948; decommissioned 30 June 1970; struck from the Naval Register 1 June 1980; laid up Atlantic Reserve Fleet at NISMF Portsmouth, VA (wording); towed to NAB Little Creek as a fire-fighting and salvage training hulk; final disposition sunk as a target off Norfolk, VA, 3 June 2001. Specs: 835 t light / 1,360 t full; 143' x 33'10" x 13'2"; 12 kts; one 3"/50 DP + two 20mm; 5 t boom; complement 5 officers + 40 enlisted; 1,200 bbls diesel; two GM 12-278A diesel-electric, single Fairbanks-Morse reduction gear, two 60 kW 120 V DC generators, single screw 1,200 shp. Trials-photo caption identifies Gulfport's hull no. 258 (May 1945 acceptance trials in the Gulf). Ribbon display: American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign, WWII Victory, National Defense Service medals. Partial CO list: Galterio (1 Jun 1945 - 30 Mar 1946); O'Brien (30 Mar 1946 - ?); Kurz (1960-62); Trance (1961-65); Nelson (1965-67).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1945-2001

   Population

   Navy crew of 45 (1945-1970); later hulk-period personnel

   Limitations

   Curated secondary compilation, not an official record - milestones corroborated where possible by DANFS (1945-1948 events), the MARAD status cards (1970-1986 custody), and the archived NVR stricken list (1980-1998). Laid-down date, post-1970 milestones, and the 2001 sinking rest on NavSource and congruent compilations (shipbuildinghistory.com, NavalCoverMuseum) - no official disposal document located. 'NISMF Portsmouth' wording for lay-up conflicts with the MARAD card's James River fleet entry (correction row ev-11). No asbestos content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-02

4. [4]MARAD Vessel History Database, KEYWADIN (ATA-213), Detail 2876, incl. status card images 2876_5346AF.jpg (Form MA-383) and 3WJ_01.png (Form MA-199), U.S. Dept. of Commerce Maritime Administration [marad_nrc]

   Locator

   Detail page Milestones tab and Status Cards images 2876_5346AF.jpg / 3WJ_01.png

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   MARAD Vessel History Database entry 2876 (KEYWADIN (ATA-213)) and its two photographed status cards record: year built 1945, shipyard Gulfport Boiler and Welding, type ATA Auxiliary Ocean Tug (Navy design), ex-name ATR-140, service prior to lay-up Navy; Form MA-383 Reserve Fleet - Ship Particulars: fleet 'James River', entered 12-8-70 at 1345 EST, withdrawn 5/12/86 at 1040 EST, reason 'EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES (NAVY)'; Form MA-199 Vessel Status Card: vessel no. 1141375, type Tug, design Navy, delivered from shipyard to Dept. of the Navy, operating history rows - Dept. of the Navy to Maritime Admin., James River, 1:45 PM EST 12-8-70, 'Custody'; same parties, James River, 9-?-71, 'Permanent Transfer' (day partially legible); Maritime Admin. to Dept. of the Navy, James River, 5/12/86, 'Experimental Purposes'. Online milestones: Entry and Acquisition 12/8/1970; Disposition and Withdrawal 5/12/1986 coded 'EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSE'; database fate field prints 'Sold - U.S. Operation'.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1970-1986

   Population

   Reserve-fleet caretaker/maintenance personnel at James River, 1970-1986

   Limitations

   Primary federal custody record. Establishes the custody chain: MARAD custody at James River 1970-12-08, permanent transfer September 1971, returned to Navy 1986-05-12 for 'experimental purposes' - consistent with the documented training-hulk and target use. Corrects NavSource's 'NISMF Portsmouth' lay-up wording to James River fleet (see correction row ev-11). The DB 'Sold - U.S. Operation' fate field conflicts with the card's documented return to Navy and the 2001 sinking - treated as a classification artifact. Card handwriting partially legible (the September 1971 day). Contains no asbestos, hazmat, or material-condition information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-03

5. [5]Naval Vessel Register (NAVSEA), 'Ships, Both Coasts, Stricken' nvrships/S_B_09 page, archived 1998-12-06 (nvr.navy.mil); live NVR ATA-213 detail query 2026-09-26 [other_primary]

   Locator

   Stricken-list row 'ATA 174 / ATA 213 / KEYWADIN / 08140'; live detail page nvr.navy.mil/SHIPSDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_ATA_213.HTML (no ship data rendered)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   The Naval Vessel Register's archived 'Ships, Both Coasts, Stricken' page (Wayback capture 6 December 1998) lists ATA 213 KEYWADIN under class header 'ATA 174' with UIC 08140 - i.e., the register still carried her among stricken-but-not-disposed vessels in late 1998, eighteen years after the 1 June 1980 strike and during her NAB Little Creek training-hulk period; disposal followed in 2001. The live NVR ship-detail page for ATA-213 returns no record (the current register 'does not include' most pre-1987 disposals and carries no ATA-213 entry as of 2026-09-26).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1980-2001 (stricken-not-disposed interval)

   Limitations

   Confirms official stricken-but-retained status through at least 1998 (hulk retained for Navy use post-strike), consistent with the MARAD-card return to Navy in 1986 and the 2001 sinking. The 'ATA 174' class header is NVR's class-lead grouping for the same ATA production design; see correction row ev-11 on class labels. Contains no asbestos information.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-04

6. [6]USS Grapple (ARS-53) Command Operations Report, CY 1995 (NHHC command-operations-report archive PDF) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Grapple ARS-53 1995 COR, narrative section - May salvage training exercise sentence

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   NHHC-archived 1995 command operations report of USS Grapple (ARS-53) records that Grapple 'closed out the month of May with a highly successful Salvage Training Exercise which included the debeaching of EX-USS KEYWADIN at Naval Amphibious Base, Little Creek, VA' - an official Navy document confirming the ex-Keywadin hulk in active salvage-training use at NAB Little Creek in May 1995, nine years after the MARAD-card return to Navy for 'experimental purposes' and consistent with NavSource's 'fire fighting and salvage training hulk' line.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1986-2001

   Population

   Navy salvage/damage-control trainees and instructors aboard the hulk, NAB Little Creek, mid-1980s-2001

   Limitations

   Official document naming the ex-hull in training service - confirms personnel were aboard the unmodernized 1945 hulk for firefighting/salvage exercises, an exposure-relevant population fact. Contains no asbestos, material-condition, or survey information; 'debeaching' implies the hulk was run aground (deliberately or not) for training recovery, but the report does not detail hull condition.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-05

7. [7]Kalasinski, Lt. Cmdr. Frank, USN (Staff, Commander Service Force Atlantic), 'Salvage Operation of USS Baldwin (DD-624),' U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, February 1962 [reputable_press]

   Locator

   Proceedings Feb 1962 article text (first page publicly displayed; verified via Wayback capture 2019-07-24) - tow-parting and salvage-task-unit narrative

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings (February 1962) documents the April-June 1961 ex-Baldwin salvage in which Keywadin participated: on 16 April 1961 the dead-tow destroyer ex-USS Baldwin (DD-624), towed by Keywadin from the Boston Reserve Group to the Philadelphia Reserve Group, parted her tow about 23 miles northeast of Montauk Point, Long Island, in winds to 38 knots after a towing-rig swivel failed; Baldwin grounded about two miles southwest of Montauk Point; Keywadin joined salvage task unit TU 48.7.6 with Luiseno (ATF-156), Hoist, and Windlass (later Salvager and YFNB-77); Baldwin refloated 4 June and was scuttled 5 June 1961 at 39 deg 56 min N, 71 deg 17 min W.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1961

   Population

   Keywadin crew ( towing/salvage operation, Apr-Jun 1961); salvage task unit personnel

   Limitations

   Firsthand professional-journal account by a Service Force Atlantic staff officer - documents a ship-specific towing/salvage evolution beyond DANFS's summary coverage. Contains no asbestos or material information; documents a work event, not materials.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-06

8. [8]U.S. General Accounting Office, HRD-80-2, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' published 1979-10-18 [gao]

   Locator

   GAO product page description and indexed report text; full-text PDF returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-09-26 (standing gao.gov block, per BATCH-01)

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   GAO HRD-80-2 (Oct 1979), 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure': per the Navy, 'although all ships contain some asbestos in such components as clutches and electric cables, most ships delivered in the last several years or now under construction have little or no asbestos as thermal insulation, which was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships'; the report documents that older Navy ships contained large quantities of asbestos thermal insulation and records the Navy's October 1975 policy (remove/replace only damaged or repair-disturbed insulation) modified January 1979 (selective replacement in high-maintenance areas), estimating 30-50 percent of shipboard asbestos insulation normally remains untouched for a ship's life.

   Verification

   inferred

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1979 report on WWII-1970s era fleet

   Population

   Navy crews and shipyard workers on pre-1970s vessels generally (fleet-level)

   Limitations

   Fleet/program-level documentation, not a hull record: establishes that asbestos use was standard in Navy ships of this construction era but does not name ATA-213 or the Sotoyomo/ATA-170-213 design. This diesel-electric tug lacked the boiler/steam-plant insulation that was the Navy's largest asbestos application; candidate era-typical applications here (exhaust/machinery insulation, gaskets, packing, cable insulation, clutch and brake facings, joiner insulation) are inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish presence, quantity, or condition aboard this hull.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-07

9. [9]EPA, 'Transport of Target Vessels for Ocean Disposal' (marine-protection permitting page; MPRSA general permit 40 C.F.R. 229.2); EPA-Navy SINKEX Determination and Agreement (Jan 2014, summarizing the controlling 1999 letter); Federal Register notice restating the 1999 letter's requirements [federal_register]

   Locator

   EPA page 'What are the permit requirements?' + 40 C.F.R. 229.2; epa.gov 2014_sinkex_agreement_508.pdf; govinfo FR-2013-04-05 pkg 2013-07981 (verbatim 1999 letter requirements)

   Finding type

   regulatory

   Finding

   The hull's 3 June 2001 sinking fell under the EPA-Navy SINKEX permit regime: EPA's MPRSA general permit at 40 C.F.R. 229.2 ('Transport of Target Vessels') requires that before sinking, qualified personnel at a Navy or certified facility take appropriate measures 'to remove to the maximum extent practicable all materials which may degrade the marine environment' - emptying and flushing fuel tanks and lines essentially free of petroleum, and removing other pollutants and all readily detachable debris-capable material - with sinking at least 50 nautical miles from land in at least 6,000 feet of water, and an annual Navy report to EPA naming each target vessel sunk; EPA's 2 August 1999 letter (Wayland to Munsell, governing in 2001) added a mandatory pre-sinking PCB inventory of each SINKEX vessel plus removal of transformers/capacitors holding >=3 lbs dielectric fluid, drain-and-flush of hydraulic/heat-transfer equipment, and reporting. The regime documents a formal hazmat-remediation preparation event for this hull before sinking; the published permit terms name petroleum, PCBs, and debris - not asbestos.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   context_only

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1999-2001 regime applied to the 2001 sinking event

   Population

   Pre-sinking preparation/remediation workforce and SINKEX range personnel, 2001

   Limitations

   Program-level regulatory context: establishes that a documented environmental preparation regime applied to this hull's 2001 sinking event, but the permit requirements in evidence name petroleum, PCBs, and detachable debris - NOT asbestos; no asbestos-specific survey or removal for this hull is documented, and the annual SINKEX reports to EPA are not located publicly. Whether friable asbestos was aboard or removed is unknown.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-08

10. [10]CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches, 2026-09-26 (queries: "USS Keywadin"; "ATA-213"; "ATR-140"; "Keywadin" asbestos - all zero; further queries pacing-blocked) [court_record]

    Locator

    Opinion search zero-result sets; blocked queries itemized in search_ledger

    Finding type

    litigation_documented

    Finding

    CourtListener searches (authenticated API v4, fleet-paced, 2026-09-26): opinion search '"USS Keywadin"' 0 results; '"ATA-213"' 0 results; '"ATR-140"' 0 results; '"Keywadin" asbestos' 0 results. Remaining queries (bare 'Keywadin' opinion; 'Keywadin' docket/type=r) were denied by the fleet-wide pacing budget on repeated attempts - logged as blocked in the ledger rather than retried into throttling. Classification: no qualifying asbestos litigation located; 'Keywadin' is a low-collision name (distinct spelling; no surname usage found).

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    negative_finding

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-26

    Study period

    2026-09-26

    Limitations

    Sweep covers CourtListener's indexed opinions and RECAP dockets only - unindexed state-court, MDL-875 pleading-level, and non-digitized records are outside it; the pacing-blocked queries mean the sweep is partial, not total. Name collisions: USS Keywadin (1869 monitor, ex-Kickapoo, also spelled Kewaydin) and USS Kewaydin (AT-24/ATO-24) are different hulls. Absence of a located case is not proof no claim was ever filed.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-09

11. [11]Batch-2887 search ledger (this record): repositories and queries as itemized in search_ledger rows sl-uss-keywadin-ata213-01 through -14 [other_primary]

    Locator

    search_ledger rows sl-uss-keywadin-ata213-01 through sl-uss-keywadin-ata213-14

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, environmental record, museum disclosure, or docketed case naming this hull was found in the public sources searched (NHHC/DANFS, MARAD Vessel History Database, archived and live Naval Vessel Register, NHHC command-operations-report archive, BuShips Ships' Data 1945 v3, EPA/MPRSA SINKEX materials, VA BVA index, indexed web, CourtListener - see search_ledger). A law-firm marketing page (mesotheliomahelp.org tugboats list) names 'Keywadin' among NVR-registered tugs in generic boilerplate - excluded as a source per the no-law-firm-sources rule; it asserts no hull-specific fact.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    negative_finding

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-26

    Study period

    2026-09-26

    Limitations

    Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull is a 1945 Navy build that spent 1970-1986 in reserve-fleet custody, 1986-2001 as a firefighting/salvage training hulk, and was disposed via SINKEX in 2001 under a documented hazmat-preparation regime whose asbestos scope is not public. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-10

12. [12]MARAD MA-383/MA-199 status cards (Detail 2876) vs. NavSource 38213 wording; DANFS class line vs. NavSource and NVR labels; BuShips Ships' Data v3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945) ATA tables pp. unnumbered-OCR garbled, shipscribe.com scan [other_primary]

    Locator

    MA-383 fleet/entry/withdrawal fields; MA-199 operating-history rows; DANFS 'cl. Maricopa' vs. NavSource 'Sotoyomo Class'; NVR 'ATA 174' class header; SDB1945v3 ATA spec table rows ATA170-213 and ATA214-218

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    Source discrepancies resolved: (a) Lay-up location - NavSource prints 'laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at the NISMF, Portsmouth, VA,' while the photographed MARAD MA-383 card records fleet 'James River' for both the 1970 entry and 1986 withdrawal; the card is the primary custody record and controls (both are Hampton Roads berths; NISMF wording is the looser secondary framing). (b) Class label - NavSource calls her 'Sotoyomo Class Auxiliary Fleet Tug,' the DANFS data line prints 'cl. Maricopa,' and the NVR stricken list groups her under class header 'ATA 174'; all describe the same ATA-170-213 production design - the 'Sotoyomo class' convention is adopted with the variants logged. (c) MARAD database fate field 'Sold - U.S. Operation' conflicts with the MA-199 card's documented return to Dept. of the Navy 5/12/86 for 'Experimental Purposes' and the 2001 target sinking - treated as a database classification artifact; the card and sinking record control. (d) BuShips SDB 1945 v3 confirms ATA-213 falls in the 'ATA170-213' class table row and that ATA214-218 were AN (net-tender) conversions - making this hull the last of the purpose-built group.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    correction

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-26

    Study period

    1945-2001

    Limitations

    Resolves publication-level label and location discrepancies in secondary framings against primary custody records; does not affect identity or the custody timeline materially. No asbestos content in any of these sources.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-11

13. [13]NARA deck-log program page (archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy - digitization status note) + National Archives Catalog (catalog.archives.gov) [other_primary]

    Locator

    RG 24 deck-log guidance; catalog.archives.gov query attempts for 'ATA-213'/'Keywadin' returned SPA shell only (2026-09-26)

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - no paid reproduction or in-person survey authorized): NARA RG 24 deck logs for ATA-213/Keywadin, 1945-1970 (the National Archives Catalog's public search endpoints now return only the client-side application shell - digitization status for this hull's logs unverified; Vietnam-era deck logs are being added in batches under the VA Blue Water Navy digitization partnership); BuShips/builder records for Gulfport Boiler & Welding Works hull 258; NHHC Ships History Branch Keywadin subject file; NAB Little Creek range/training-hulk maintenance and hazmat records (1986-2001); the Navy's calendar-2001 annual SINKEX report to EPA, which by permit requirement names each target vessel sunk.

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-26

    Study period

    1945-2001 records

    Limitations

    Record-location mapping only - no retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-keywadin-ata213-12