Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 627-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-kingman-lst1113-pkt-627-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Kingman (APB-47), NHHC (updated by Robert J. Cressman, 13 March 2023) - live official page [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, full text and spec block (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS documents this hull's full arc: projected as LST-1113; laid down 8 January 1945 at Evansville, Indiana, by Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; reclassified barracks ship (self-propelled) APB-47 on 3 March 1945; launched 17 April 1945, sponsored by Mrs. K. B. Bragg; transferred to New Orleans and commissioned 27 June 1945, Lt. R. J. Figaro in command. Service: Gulf of Mexico shakedown; Pearl Harbor 2 September 1945; Sasebo 8 October 1945 via Eniwetok and Guam; five months in Japanese ports; departed Sasebo 16 March 1946; San Diego 29 April 1946; decommissioned 15 January 1947; Pacific Reserve Fleet, ultimately Bremerton, Washington; stricken 1 October 1977; disposed by Maritime Administration sale 19 November 1980 to Levin Metals Corp. for scrap. Spec block: displacement 4,080; 328'0" x 50'0" x 11'2"; 10.0 knots; complement 137; armament 8x40mm, 12x20mm; class Benewah.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1980
- Population
- Crew (complement 137) plus ~300-man berthing capacity; construction trades at Evansville Shipyard
- Limitations
- Authoritative for identity, designation chain, construction, service, and disposal; contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation statement - this row supports no asbestos claim. DANFS prints 'A county in the state of Illinois' as the namesake; Kingman County is in Kansas - flagged in gaps, not corrected in the record. DANFS gives the AKS-18 designation (title line) without a date and the APB-47 reclassification as 3 March 1945; NavSource dates the AKS-18 naming 8 December 1944 and Shipscribe notes carry '31 Mar 45' - conflicts in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, 'USS Kingman (APB-47)', page 10/13/1347 (last updated 2 June 2017) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource Kingman page: designation block, APB specifications, awards, commanding-officer table, 19-N photo captions (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull archive page for USS Kingman (APB-47): designation history (LST-1113 laid down 8 Jan 1945 at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co., Evansville; redesignated General Stores Issue Ship Kingman AKS-18 on 8 December 1944; redesignated APB-47 on 3 March 1945); launched 17 April 1945; decommissioned 15 January 1947; laid up Pacific Reserve Fleet, San Diego Group; struck 1 October 1977; sold for scrapping 19 November 1980 to Levin Metals Corp. (PD-X-1034 of 6 October 1980) for $450,000.00, part of a two-ship group sale. APB specifications: 4,000 t.; 328' x 50' x 11'2"; 12 kts; complement 12 officers + 125 enlisted; troop accommodation 28 officers + 275 enlisted; two GM 12-567A diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, five diesel-drive 100 kW generators, two propellers 1,600 shp; armament two quad 40mm AA mounts plus twenty .50/.30 cal machine guns; diesel fuel 4,485 Bbls. Awards: American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign, WWII Victory Medal. Commanding officers: LT Raymond J. Figaro (to 9 Sep 1946), LCDR Troy Brashear (9 Sep 1946), LCDR Francis A. Schreiber USNR (to 15 Jan 1947). Photo captions document three U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships photos (19-N-86527, 19-N-86530, 19-N-86531) now in the National Archives via Shipscribe.com.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1980
- Population
- Ship's company 137; troop accommodation 303
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained archive compiling official records; internally inconsistent on commissioning - the milestone list reads 'Commissioned ... 17 April 1945' (the launch date) while DANFS and Shipscribe agree on 27 June 1945 at New Orleans and the page's own 19-N-86527 caption describes early-July 1945 'shortly after commissioning and completing fitting out'; DANFS date carried. No asbestos or materials content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-02
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - KINGMAN (APB-47), Ship History Detail 6060, incl. digitized Record of Ship Sales card 6060_AF.jpg [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 6060 characteristics panel + status card image https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/cards/6060_AF.jpg (verified live 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory detail 6060 records KINGMAN (APB-47): year built 1945; shipyard Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company; type LST; fate 'Sold -NTU'. The digitized Record of Ship Sales card (Form MA-20, image 6060_AF.jpg) states: vessel KINGMAN (APB-47), PD-X-1034; awarded to LEVIN METALS CORPORATION 11-19-80; purchase price 'Lump Sum of $450,000 for 2'; contract MA-9944; dimensions 328' x 50'; location of vessel Bremerton, Washington; acquisition 'Advertised under PD-X-1034 dated 10-6-80 opened 11-13-80 under two condition: (1) NTU (2) SCRAP HULL - Award under condition (1) NTU'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1980
- Limitations
- Authoritative government-custody and sale record; contains no asbestos, hazmat, or materials-condition disclosure - NTU award condition means non-transportation use, and the card does not record the scrapping site or any environmental conditions of sale. Supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-03
-
[5]Shipscribe (Stephen S. Roberts), 'USS Blackford (APB-45) Class' - U.S. Navy auxiliary ship data compiled from official Navy sources, page compiled 30 Jun 2007 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe APB-45 class page: class notes, construction/disposition tables, ship notes for KINGMAN (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe's Blackford (APB-45) class page documents the conversion program and this hull's specifics: in August 1944 Commander Amphibious Forces Pacific began developing specifications to convert four LSTs under construction into 'mother ships' for YMS, PC, PCS, SC, LCI, and LCT types; CNO approved in September 1944; the new hulls were reclassified Stores Issue Ships (AKS) in December before being laid down, then reclassified APB while still on the ways because the AKS designation failed to cover mother-ship and retail-store roles; conversions added accommodations for about 300 men beyond ship's company in a new deckhouse extending from the stern to near the bow, plus 5-ton booms for resupply, with the pilot house moved forward late in design. Kingman ship note: 'Ex AKS-18 31 Mar 45, ex LST-1113 14 Dec 44. Converted by builder. In reduced commission 16-27 Jun 45 for transit to New Orleans. In USN reserve 1946-77.' Construction table: keel 8 Jan 45, launch 17 Apr 45, commissioned 27 Jun 45. Disposition table: decommissioned 15 Jan 47, stricken 1 Oct 77, disposal 19 Nov 80, MA sale 19 Nov 80.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1980
- Population
- Conversion workforce (builder, Evansville); ship's company plus ~300 accommodations
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official BuShips/NavSea records; resolves the reduced-commission transit detail but conflicts with DANFS/NavSource on redesignation dates (14 Dec 44 vs 8 Dec 44 for AKS-18; 'ex AKS-18 31 Mar 45' vs 3 Mar 45 for APB-47) - conflicts flagged in gaps, DANFS dates carried. No asbestos or materials content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-04
-
[6]Consolidated era inference - NavSource APB specifications (diesel plant itemization) + Shipscribe class conversion notes + LST-542 design grouping (BuShips SD-1945 v2 per the LST-1-class class profile, class-f worktree) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block (propulsion itemization); Shipscribe APB45 class notes (deckhouse/conversion scope)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference built on documented facts: a Navy hull built in 1945 under wartime specifications (diesel LST-542-series hull) and converted by the builder with a new full-length deckhouse accommodating ~300 men. Consistent with WWII-era naval practice, asbestos would typically have been present in machinery and exhaust lagging, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, deck coverings, and accommodation-space insulation; the diesel plant (two GM 12-567A engines, no boilers) narrows the steam-lagging pathway relative to steam ships.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Builder trades (Evansville, 1945); New Orleans fitting-out trades (Jun 1945); ship's company and ~300 berthing occupants
- Limitations
- Class/design and conversion documentation, not a hull record - no source states asbestos was aboard this hull. Presence is era-consistent inference only; does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; DOI verified via Crossref API 2026-10-02 (doi.org returns 403 to automated fetch)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII, the era and program under which this hull was built and converted, and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard U.S. hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403 - same standing defect as BATCH-01; product-page description used)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program and its 1975/1979 insulation-removal policies - the era framework covering this hull's 1947-1977 reserve layup and 1980 disposal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (era context)
- Limitations
- Navy program-level documentation, not hull-specific; establishes policy context only - not what was aboard this hull during reserve layup or at sale. Does not establish quantity, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-07
-
[9]This record's search_ledger (DANFS, NavSource, MARAD ShipHistory + status card, Shipscribe, NVR, CourtListener, NARA catalog, Indiana Historical Society) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kingman-lst1113-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record was located for this hull: no hull survey, no abatement or conversion-spec document, no hazmat or ACM disclosure in the MARAD sale record, and no qualifying asbestos-litigation opinion naming LST-1113, AKS-18, APB-47, or USS Kingman in CourtListener opinion search (see search_ledger - all four designation queries completed at zero qualifying hits).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1980; research 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of located documentation is a verified research result, not proof that asbestos was absent aboard - the 1945 build and builder conversion make era-consistent presence plausible. CourtListener opinion search is complete for all designation strings; docket-level (PACER) and state-court sweeps were not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-08
-
[10]Woolsey v. Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co., 119 Ind. App. 391, 88 N.E.2d 54 (Ind. App. 1949) - CourtListener opinion 3428445 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener cluster 3428445 (citations verified: 88 N.E.2d 54; 119 Ind. App. 391; 1949 Ind. App. LEXIS 196; filed 1949-10-17); opinion fact pattern per opinion text
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Woolsey v. Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co., 119 Ind. App. 391, 88 N.E.2d 54 (Ind. App. 1949): the estate of Elbert Woolsey, a pipe fitter employed in ship compartments at the builder's Evansville yard June-November 1944, sought compensation under the Indiana Workmen's Occupational Diseases Act alleging poisoning from galvanized-metal welding fumes; the Industrial Board found no exposure and no occupational disease and the Court of Appeals affirmed the denial on 17 October 1949 - a merits-level negative for the claimant at the yard that built this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1949
- Population
- Evansville Shipyard pipe fitter (1944 employment)
- Limitations
- Yard-level occupational-disease litigation, NOT asbestos and NOT hull-specific; per litigation-stage discipline this is an affirmed defense verdict - it is not exposure evidence for any hull. Documents wartime industrial-hygiene conditions litigated at the builder's yard during this hull's construction window (laid down Jan 1945).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-09
-
[11]Indiana Historical Society, William Henry Smith Memorial Library - Collection SC 0967 finding aid (processed 1998, updated 2004) [museum_official]
- Locator
- IHS SC 0967 finding aid PDF: collection information, historical sketch, scope note (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-10-02)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Indiana Historical Society collection SC 0967 (accession 1998.0295) holds James H. Kellar's 368-page manuscript 'The Evansville Shipyard: Outside Any Shipbuilding Zone' - a history of the builder's yard from 1942 to 1945. The IHS finding aid documents: the Navy selected Evansville in January 1942 for a new inland shipyard; production centered on LSTs; the yard was Evansville's largest wartime employer, over 19,000 at its 1944 peak; it ceased production in late summer 1945 after constructing 202 vessels, 167 of them LSTs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (yard); collection 1998
- Population
- Evansville Shipyard workforce (>19,000 at 1944 peak)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - the finding aid is verified; the 368-page manuscript itself is on-site at Indianapolis and unreviewed. Yard-level history, not a hull record; may hold construction detail for this hull's build window (laid down Jan 1945, one of the last hulls launched). No asbestos content in the finding aid.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kingman-lst1113-10