Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]GAO / Comptroller General of the United States, 'Navy's Efforts to Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (B-163375), Oct. 18, 1979, to Reps. Glenn A. Anderson and Jerry M. Patterson; Enclosure I (Navy response listing U.S. Navy ships delivered since 1973 or under construction, with thermal-insulation status) [gao]
- Locator
- Enclosure I table (PDF p.8 of the scan sequence), 'DESTROYER - DD' section, KINCAID/965 row; ruled 'Asbestos thermal insulation' group spans DD-963-DD-973 with boundary line below JOHN YOUNG; narrative on first-eleven DD-963 class in the Navy's enclosure text
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Enclosure I table expressly names KINCAID, hull no. 965 (construction start 2/73, delivery 6/76), inside the ruled group labeled 'Asbestos thermal insulation' - DD-963 SPRUANCE through DD-973 JOHN YOUNG, the first eleven DD-963-class destroyers, with the group boundary ruled below JOHN YOUNG (973). The accompanying Navy narrative confirms 'the first eleven of our new DD 963 class ships' 'continued through to delivery as late as May 1978 with asbestos insulation.' Ship-specific government documentation that this hull was delivered with asbestos thermal insulation on machinery, equipment and piping (per Note 1's definition of thermal insulation).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1973-1979 (construction/delivery); report published 1979
- Population
- Ingalls construction trades 1973-76; crew 1976-2003
- Limitations
- Scope is asbestos thermal insulation for machinery, equipment and piping as delivered (6/76); the report's quantity figure (87,634 lbs of thermal insulation) is for USS PAUL F. FOSTER (DD-964) only - Kinkaid's quantity is not given. Does not establish individual exposure, does not inventory non-insulation asbestos applications aboard, and does not document later removal during availabilities. The listing is Navy-supplied data in a GAO report, not a hull survey.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-01
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[2]GAO HRD-80-2 (B-163375), Oct. 18, 1979 - report letter and Enclosure I narrative + Note 1 [gao]
- Locator
- HRD-80-2 letter section 'NAVY'S POLICY ON USE OF ASBESTOS' (pp.1-2 of letter); Enclosure I narrative + Note 1 (Note 1 text at end of enclosure)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Program context for the ship-specific table: the Navy changed thermal-insulation product specifications in 1973 to require asbestos-free materials, but asbestos materials already purchased and in some cases installed continued into ships under construction - 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978,' with 'the first eleven of our new DD 963 class ships' given as the example. 'All ships presently in service contain some quantity of asbestos' via applications lacking approved substitutes (electrical resistors, deck tile, galley cabling, piping gaskets and packing, brakes/clutches); Enclosure I Note 1 adds that even ships listed as asbestos-free for thermal insulation still used asbestos in 'gaskets and pipe hanger liners.' Navy policy (Oct. 1975, modified Jan. 1979): replace damaged insulation and selectively replace in high-maintenance areas; a one-time fleet-wide removal program was rejected at an estimated $2 billion cost.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1971-1979
- Population
- Fleet-wide (Navy workers; ship crews)
- Limitations
- Program-level policy context; the first-eleven DD-963-class rule corroborates the ev-01 ship-specific table entry. The fleet-wide residual applications are not quantified or inventoried for this hull. Report predates Kinkaid's operational career - it documents as-delivered status, not service-life condition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-02
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[3]Siegfried v. 3M Company et al., No. 2:18-cv-01575-FMO-E (C.D. Cal., removed from Los Angeles Superior Court No. BC691900); Owens-Illinois, Inc.'s Joinder to Defendant Elliot Company's Notice of Removal, ECF No. 50 (filed 2018-03-02) [court_record]
- Locator
- ECF No. 50, Preliminary Statement paras. 1-2 (p.2-3 of PDF): vessel list naming 'USS Kinkaid (DD-965)'
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Asbestos personal-injury action: the complaint (filed 2018-01-26) alleges plaintiff Terry Lee Siegfried was injured by exposure to asbestos from Owens-Illinois while an electrician and marine electrician 'between approximately 1969 and 1996 on the Long Beach Naval Shipyard' and aboard a 43-vessel list that expressly includes 'USS Kinkaid (DD-965)' - hull identified by name and hull number, no collision. Owens-Illinois's joinder recites the allegation and asserts a colorable government-contractor (federal-officer) defense for Kaylo insulation manufactured to Navy specifications. Sibling batch records for this same docket (Lofberg DD-759) note the case terminated 2019-01-07.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- ~1969-1996 (alleged exposure); 2018 (removal filing)
- Population
- Terry Lee Siegfried (USN electrician/marine electrician, ~1969-1996)
- Limitations
- Pleading-stage allegation recited in a defense removal brief - alleged, not adjudicated; does not establish that exposure occurred aboard this hull, causation, or which products aboard were asbestos-containing. Exposure dates aboard this hull are not stated (the ~1969-1996 window covers all listed vessels plus the shipyard). Merits outcome not located in reviewed documents.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-03
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[4]Naval Vessel Register (NAVSEA), KINKAID (DD 965) detail page - Wayback capture 2017-01-09 (live page purged for disposed hull) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR ship-detail page, milestone dates + physical characteristics + accommodations blocks
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official register record for this hull: UIC 20576; class DD 963 (Spruance); builder Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp.; award 06/01/1970, keel 04/19/1973, launch 05/25/1974, delivery 06/01/1976, commission 07/10/1976, decommission 01/07/2003, stricken 04/06/2004; status 'Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise' with status-change date 07/14/2004; propulsion type Gas Turbines, 2 propellers; steel hull, aluminum superstructure; accommodations 25 officers / 273 enlisted; 563 ft overall, 55 ft beam, 9,370 tons full displacement.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1970-2004
- Population
- Crew (accommodations 298); construction trades
- Limitations
- Register data documents milestones, builder, propulsion type and disposal - no materials or asbestos content. Cited via Wayback capture because the live NVR page was removed after disposal. 'Accommodations' is a berthing figure, not crew aboard (contemporaneous press reports 20 officers + 297 sailors aboard in 1989 - carried in gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-04
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[5]UPI, 'Officer killed in destroyer accident' (Nov. 12, 1989); Los Angeles Times, 'San Diego-Based Warship in Collision; 1 Killed, 4 Injured' (Nov. 12, 1989), 'Damaged Destroyer Heads to Port Under Own Power' (Nov. 13, 1989), 'Collision at Sea Adds to List of Navy's Mishaps' (Nov. 14, 1989), 'Navy Relieves Skipper of Duty After Collision' (Nov. 26, 1989) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- UPI dispatch Nov. 12, 1989; LA Times articles Nov. 12/13/14/26, 1989
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporaneous reporting of a documented repair event for this hull: on 12 November 1989 Kinkaid collided with the Singapore-registered merchant ship Kota Petani in the Strait of Malacca ~240 miles northwest of Singapore; the destroyer's navigator, Lt. Sean Michael McPhee, was killed and five other crew injured; fires broke out aboard both ships; Kinkaid proceeded under her own power to Singapore and was met by tugs and taken to Sembawang Shipyard for repairs and investigation; CO CDR John M. Cochrane was relieved by VAdm. H.H. Mauz on 24 November; the collision contributed to an unprecedented fleet-wide three-day safety stand-down. Crew aboard reported as 20 officers and 297 sailors.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1989-1990
- Population
- Crew aboard (~317, per press); Sembawang Shipyard repair workers
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous press, not a materials record: documents a major repair event (the kind that disturbs installed insulation) but not repair scope, insulation disturbance, or asbestos handling. Permanent-repair sequence (Subic Bay then San Diego) comes from secondary sources and is carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-05
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[6]MPRSA general permit 'Transport of Target Vessels,' 40 C.F.R. 229.2; EPA, 'Transport of Target Vessels for Ocean Disposal' (SINKEX program page); EPA-Navy SINKEX agreements (1996 resumption agreement; Aug. 2, 1999 letter on PCB conditions) [federal_register]
- Locator
- EPA SINKEX program page (permit requirements summary); 40 C.F.R. 229.2; EPA 'SINKEX Determination and Agreement' documents
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Kinkaid's disposal was a SINKEX sinking (NVR: 'Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise,' 07/14/2004; contemporaneous reporting places the sinking in RIMPAC 2004 off Hawaii). The governing MPRSA general permit at 40 C.F.R. 229.2 requires pre-sinking preparation by qualified personnel: fuel tanks and lines emptied and flushed essentially free of petroleum, and removal 'to the maximum extent practicable' of all materials which may degrade the marine environment including pollutants and readily detachable material capable of creating debris or contributing to chemical pollution; EPA-Navy agreements impose PCB-removal conditions on SINKEX vessels.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2004 (sinking); permit regime 1977/1996-2004
- Population
- SINKEX preparation workers; marine environment
- Limitations
- Establishes the regulatory regime under which this hull was prepared and sunk - not what was actually removed from Kinkaid. No hull-specific SINKEX preparation manifest (ACM/PCB removal performed) located; asbestos-bearing solid materials are not itemized in the cited permit text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-06
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[7]Overly v. Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc., 74 Cal. App. 4th 164, 87 Cal. Rptr. 2d 626 (1999); Atlas shipyard dataset, 'ingalls-shipbuilding' record (Pascagoula, MS) [court_record]
- Locator
- Atlas shipyards.json 'ingalls-shipbuilding' evidence rows; Overly opinion, 74 Cal. App. 4th 164
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Builder-yard context: Kinkaid was built 1973-76 at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula (NVR). The yard is documented at yard level for asbestos products and exposure litigation - asbestos products documented in the Atlas dataset include Kaylo, Thermobestos and Superex insulation, gaskets, packing and fireproofing; the published opinion Overly v. Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. (1999) documents asbestos-exposure litigation tied to the Pascagoula yard (Westinghouse field engineer at Ingalls 1960-1964; mesothelioma diagnosed 1996; jury awarded damages).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1938-1999 (yard record); 1973-1976 (this hull's construction)
- Population
- Ingalls Shipbuilding construction trades, 1973-76 (this hull); yard workers generally
- Limitations
- Yard-level inference for the construction period only - does not document what was installed aboard this hull (the ship-specific record is ev-01). No Ingalls construction worker's exposure claim naming Kinkaid specifically was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-07
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[8]master-hull-list.json (repository, enumeration commit): 'USS KINKAID', DD-965, ship_class 'Hopkins' - vs. NVR class DD 963 and all authoritative references [other_primary]
- Locator
- master-hull-list.json entry (name 'USS KINKAID', hull 'DD-965'); NVR DD 965 class field; GAO HRD-80-2 Enclosure I DD section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Correction carried in this record: the enumeration's master hull list assigned this hull ship_class 'Hopkins' - erroneous. NVR lists class DD 963 (Spruance); the GAO Enclosure I table lists KINCAID under 'DESTROYER - DD' in the DD-963 (Spruance) class block. There is no 'Hopkins class' of Cold War destroyer; the string collides with USS Hopkins (DD-249, later DMS-13), a Clemson-class flush-decker of 1921-1946. ship_class is recorded here as Spruance-class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026 (enumeration); authoritative records 1979-2004
- Limitations
- Correction of an enumeration-layer error only; authoritative sources (NVR, GAO) agree on Spruance class with no ambiguity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kinkaid-dd965-08