Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
-
[1]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), "Kite II (YMS-374)" [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, construction and WWII-Pacific-service paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- YMS-374 was laid down 1943-01-31 by Weaver Shipyards, Orange, TX; launched 1944-02-17; commissioned 1944-05-31. Following shakedown out of Little Creek, VA and minesweeping operations in Massachusetts Bay, she cleared Boston 1944-09-30 for the Pacific, arriving Pearl Harbor 1944-11-18. She sailed 1945-01-22 escorting LST Flotilla 21 to Saipan, arrived off Iwo Jima 1945-02-17 to clear landing lanes for the invasion two days later, then conducted antisubmarine patrols, support-ship escort, and smoke-screen laying before retiring to Leyte, Philippines, arriving 1945-03-08.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Limitations
- A direct render of the primary NHHC page returned HTTP 503 in this session (history.navy.mil was unreachable under this environment's network policy for every URL attempted, including a Kite-I disambiguation page); content is corroborated via four independent, differently-worded search-engine queries that each retrieved specific, internally consistent, DANFS-house-style text from this same URL, but no independent full-page render was completed in this session. A follow-up verification pass with direct access to history.navy.mil is recommended before this row is treated as fully confirmed. Establishes vessel identity and WWII movements only - contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-01
-
[2]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, "Kite II (YMS-374)" [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, Korean War service and disposition paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Kite sailed 1950-07-13 for Pusan following the North Korean invasion, operated there through the summer, then sailed 1950-09-12 to clear approaches to Inchon ahead of the Inchon landing. In October 1950 she cleared the mined harbor at Wonsan for Allied supply ships, then retired to Yokosuka for repairs; she returned to the combat zone 1951-01-05 and continued mine-clearing operations along the Korean coast for the remainder of the war. After the 1953-07-27 armistice she remained in the Far East on minesweeping duty out of Korea and Japan until transferred to the Republic of Korea Navy 1956-01-06 at Chinhae, decommissioning from U.S. service the same day and being renamed Kim Po (MSC-520).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1950-1956
- Limitations
- Same primary-source access caveat as ev-uss-kite-ams22-01. Establishes Korean War service and final U.S. Navy disposition; contains no asbestos information. Does not establish post-1956 ROK-Navy history, hull fate, or scrapping date.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-03
-
[3]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, "Kite I" and "Kite II (YMS-374)" entries [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS "Kite I" entry (disambiguation)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC's DANFS maintains two separate entries for the name "Kite": "Kite I" is AM-75, a former commercial fishing trawler (built 1928, Bath Iron Works, as M/V Holy Cross) acquired and renamed 1940, commissioned 1941-03-03, decommissioned 1944-08-14 - an entirely different hull, design, era, and acquisition history from this vessel. "Kite II" is YMS-374/AMS-22, the subject of this record, a purpose-built 1944 wood-hulled YMS-1-class motor minesweeper. The two ships share only a name; they are not sister ships, successors, or otherwise related.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1928-1944 (Kite I, for identity contrast only)
- Limitations
- Same network-access caveat as ev-uss-kite-ams22-01 applies to the Kite I page as well; content corroborated via search-engine snippet retrieval only. Recorded to prevent this batch's record from being merged or cross-linked with a same-name USS Kite (AM-75) record noted as already present elsewhere in the Atlas dataset at tier 2 - the two must be kept as distinct vessel_id entries in any consolidation pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-04
-
[4]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, "Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding," American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing, insulating, gasket, and packing material across the U.S. WWII shipbuilding program generally - the same wartime construction program, and period of federally prioritized asbestos allocation to shipyards, under which this YMS-1-class motor minesweeper was mass-produced at a small Gulf Coast wooden-boatbuilding yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article published 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class/program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level scholarly documentation of WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, this builder, or the YMS-1 class specifically, and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor its location, quantity, condition, exposure, or causation. This vessel is diesel-propelled with no boiler/steam plant, so any asbestos application would be diesel-engine, exhaust, electrical, or gasket/packing insulation rather than boiler lagging; no source located in this session speaks to that distinction for this class specifically.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-05
-
[5]Batch-1711 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS pages (Kite I, Kite II); Naval Vessel Register attempted; CourtListener API v4 (opinion and RECAP indexes); MARAD/NARA sources not located as digitized public records for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kite-ams22-01 through sl-uss-kite-ams22-07
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record was located: no hull survey, abatement or scrapping record, foreign-transfer condition disclosure, or class-specific (YMS-1 or Weaver Shipyards) technical document naming asbestos-containing material was found in the official/authoritative sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard this vessel historically or at the time of her 1956 transfer - it establishes only that no such record surfaced in this session's searches. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure, individual causation, or legal eligibility. A hull transferred to a foreign navy in 1956 is unlikely to have U.S.-side abatement or condition records; this is noted as a structural limitation on this record, not a finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-06
-
[6]CourtListener API v4 full-text and case-name searches (opinion type 'o' and RECAP type 'r'), multiple query formulations, 2026-09-24 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kite-ams22-04 through sl-uss-kite-ams22-07
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this vessel by name ("Kite"), hull number (AMS-22, YMS-374, MSC(O)-22), or builder ("Weaver Shipyards") was located in CourtListener's opinion or RECAP indexes. A full-text search on the surname/word "Kite" alone returned 175-23,000+ results (most involving parties surnamed Kite, unrelated to any vessel), confirming this is a high-collision common name/word per the batch's litigation-search guidance; every such result was excluded as a name collision rather than treated as a hit, and none combined "Kite" with any ship-identifying term.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- CourtListener's public opinion and RECAP corpora are not exhaustive of all U.S. litigation (unpublished trial-court rulings, sealed dockets, and non-federal small-claims records are underrepresented); a 'no result' here means none surfaced in this session's queries, not that no such case exists anywhere. No connector-outage or rate-limit gap occurred - the CourtListener connector was available and responsive throughout.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-07
-
[7]Unverified secondary compilation, flagged for confirmation against DANFS/NHHC primary text or the Navy's official award-history records [other_primary]
- Locator
- Not independently located in a primary source this session
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilations (not independently confirmed against a primary source this session) state Kite received approximately 2 battle stars for WWII service and approximately 10 for Korean War service.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1944-1953
- Limitations
- Carried here only as a flagged, unverified figure per house discipline (unverified items are recorded, not silently dropped, but are not asserted as fact). Do not treat as confirmed; needs a direct DANFS/NHHC render or official award-history lookup to verify or correct.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-08
-
[8]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, "Kite II (YMS-374)" [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, postwar/reclassification/recommissioning paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- After VJ-Day, YMS-374 swept approaches to Jinsen (Inchon), Korea for occupation-troop landings, then conducted minesweeping in the Nagasaki-Sasebo area of Japan, departing Japan 1945-12-29 and reaching the U.S. West Coast in January 1946. Following a year of West Coast operations she was reclassified AMS-22 and named Kite on 1947-02-18, decommissioning the same day to the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She recommissioned 1949-05-09, refitted at San Diego/Long Beach, sailed for Pearl Harbor 1949-07-25, and cleared Hawaii 1949-09-26 for Western Pacific operations out of Japan.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1945-1949
- Limitations
- Same primary-source access caveat as ev-uss-kite-ams22-01 (direct render blocked; corroborated via convergent search-engine snippet retrieval, not independently rendered). Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kite-ams22-02