Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive - LSM-161/Kodiak ship-detail page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Builder/launch/commission line and commanding-officer line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-161 was laid down 3 June 1944 by Charleston Navy Yard, Charleston, S.C.; launched 27 June 1944; and commissioned 16 August 1944, Lt. Joe M. Gresser, USNR, in command. She was not given a name at commissioning and was referred to by hull number only until 1959.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Charleston Navy Yard construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Establishes construction and commissioning identity only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS could not be directly fetched this session (see gaps) to cross-check the commanding officer's first name against the primary NHHC text; NavSource spelling ('Joe M. Gresser') is carried.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-01
-
[2]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, "Kodiak I (LSM-161)" (content reconstructed via search-engine extraction; live page unreachable this session) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- WWII service narrative paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- After training duty at Little Creek, Va., for more than five months, LSM-161 departed Newport, R.I., 23 February 1945 for the West Coast, arriving San Diego 23 March. She departed 28 April for the Pacific, arrived Saipan 6 June, and spent the remaining months of the war shuttling troops and cargo among the Philippines, Okinawa, and the Marianas. Following the Allied victory she supported occupation forces in the Western Pacific (17 September-11 November 1945) until sailing for the United States 12 December, arriving San Pedro, Calif., 12 January 1946.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1945-1946
- Limitations
- The cited URL returned HTTP 404 / was unreachable during this session's direct fetch attempts (see sl-uss-kodiak-lsm161-01); this finding is carried via a search-engine's extraction of the DANFS text rather than a verbatim page read this session, and is corroborated by NavSource's independent summary of the same service period. Establishes WWII movement/operations only; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-02
-
[3]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive - LSM-161/Kodiak campaign/award list, cross-checked against search-engine extraction of DANFS narrative [other_primary]
- Locator
- Service-history and awards sections
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LSM-161 decommissioned at Vancouver, Wash., 8 June 1946, and was laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet, Columbia River Group. She recommissioned 6 September 1950 and was assigned to LSM Division 12, San Diego, operating off southern California until sailing for the Western Pacific 11 February 1952, arriving Yokosuka 26 March, and commencing supply and transport operations supporting U.S. forces in Korea. She carried prisoners of war from Pusan to Koje-do in mid-April 1952, continued Japan-Korea operations, and departed Yokosuka 20 September 1952 for the United States. She earned two battle stars for Korean War service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1946-1952
- Limitations
- NavSource credits her with the Second Korean Winter campaign (16-30 April 1952) and three Korean Defense, Summer-Fall periods (1 May; 6-18 July; 20 August-4 September 1952); the two-battle-star total is consistent across both sources. Establishes wartime movement and award entitlement only; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-03
-
[4]Naval History and Heritage Command, Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, "Kodiak I (LSM-161)" (content reconstructed via search-engine extraction; live page unreachable this session), cross-checked against NavSource awards list [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Alaska service and earthquake-relief narrative paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Following operations out of San Diego, LSM-161 sailed for Kodiak, Alaska, 16 June 1953, arriving one week later to become a logistics support ship for the Alaskan area. From 1953 to 1965 she supplied Navy patrol-squadron (VP) detachments at Kodiak, performed search-and-rescue missions, and made resupply runs to the Adak Naval Station. She was named USS Kodiak (LSM-161) on 14 October 1959. In the Good Friday earthquake of 27 March 1964 and its aftermath, Kodiak shuttled supplies to remote villages on Kodiak Island (March-May 1964) and later that summer assisted the Red Cross by carrying supplies and household furnishings to earthquake-damaged areas. NavSource's awards list carries a Navy Unit Commendation for the period 27 March-10 May 1964, consistent with this disaster-relief service.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1953-1965
- Limitations
- Same DANFS access limitation as ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-02 applies (search-engine extraction, not a direct verbatim page read this session). Establishes Alaska logistics service, the 1959 naming, and 1964 earthquake-relief operations; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-04
-
[5]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive - LSM-161/Kodiak disposition line, cross-checked against search-engine extraction of DANFS narrative [other_primary]
- Locator
- Disposition/final-status line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- After nineteen years of service across two wars, Kodiak decommissioned 19 April 1965 at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, Wash., and was struck from the Navy list 1 June 1965. She was sold for scrapping 14 August 1972 to Tien Hsin Hong.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1965-1972
- Limitations
- Establishes decommissioning, striking, and sale-for-scrap only; no museum preservation, artificial-reef disposition, or further afterlife is documented in either source. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-05
-
[6]U.S. Navy, Naval Vessel Register, LSM ship-category endpoint [other_primary]
- Locator
- HTTP 302 redirect to login.nslc.navy.mil, confirmed via curl this session
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No current Naval Vessel Register (NVR) ship-detail page could be located for LSM-161/Kodiak. The NVR public ship-category endpoint (allcategorylsm.htm) now redirects to a DoD single-sign-on login rather than serving a browsable listing, so this session cannot independently confirm whether a detail page exists or not.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- This is an access gap, not a confirmed negative finding: the public NVR endpoint is currently gated behind DoD authentication and could not be browsed this session. A hull stricken in 1965 and disposed in 1972 would be expected to be absent from NVR's active/inactive listings, but that expectation is not independently verified here. No asbestos content either way.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-06
-
[7]NavSource Online, Amphibious Photo Archive - LSM-161/Kodiak specification block [other_primary]
- Locator
- Propulsion/specification section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Kodiak was diesel-powered: two General Motors (model GM 16-278A, reversible with hydraulic clutch) diesel engines, 1,440 BHP each at 720 rpm, twin propellers, 2,800 shp (NavSource specifications). There was no steam plant and therefore no boiler/turbine lagging pathway. Era-standard applications for a 1944 U.S. Navy diesel-powered vessel of this type would be limited to diesel exhaust/muffler lagging, gaskets and valve packing in engineering spaces, electrical cable insulation, and deck covering material.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944 construction era
- Population
- Engineering-space crew (diesel/engineering rates), 1944-1972
- Limitations
- The specification sheet documents propulsion machinery only and does not itself state 'asbestos.' The era-typical application list is class/era inference based on known 1944 U.S. Navy shipboard practice, not a ship-specific finding - it does not establish quantity, present-day presence, individual exposure, or causation for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-07
-
[8]U.S. General Accounting Office, "Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure," GAO HRD-80-2 (released 1979-10-22) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product-page summary (full text blocked, HTTP 403 to automated fetch - confirmed this session)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure, documenting that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not adopt a policy of selectively replacing asbestos insulation with nonasbestos materials in high-maintenance areas until 1979 (building on a 1975 policy limited to removing only damaged insulation).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1975-1979 (policy period); report issued 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program-level, Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards)
- Limitations
- Program-level finding about Navy-wide asbestos policy and practice (fieldwork at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards specifically, per the product page); it does not name this hull, this hull's builder (Charleston Navy Yard), or this hull's decommissioning yard (Puget Sound Naval Shipyard), and establishes no ship-specific asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-08
-
[9]Batch-5965 search ledger (this record): NavSource, search-engine-extracted DANFS text, CourtListener (opinion and RECAP), general web search [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kodiak-lsm161-01 through sl-uss-kodiak-lsm161-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Kodiak (LSM-161) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). General web search for a hull-specific asbestos or mesothelioma connection surfaced only non-authoritative law-firm/advocacy marketing material, which is excluded under house rules.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard this hull - era-consistent inference (ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-07) is the only basis for any asbestos association. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-09
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 (authenticated via fleet helper script), opinion and docket/RECAP searches [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-kodiak-lsm161-04 through sl-uss-kodiak-lsm161-08 (count: 0 in all four searches)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Five CourtListener searches returned zero results: opinion (case-law) searches for "USS Kodiak" LSM-161", "LSM-161" alone, and "USS Kodiak" alone; and docket/RECAP (filings) searches for "USS Kodiak" LSM-161" and "LSM-161" alone. No qualifying asbestos litigation, other litigation, or name-collision hit was found naming this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- A clean, fully-searched negative result (both name and hull number, both case law and docket filings) - not a throttled or blocked search left incomplete. Covers only CourtListener's indexed collections; does not rule out unindexed state-court filings or settled matters without a public docket entry.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-kodiak-lsm161-10