Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet bi-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (minor date discrepancy flagged)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-krishna-arl38-pkt-bi-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'Krishna' (NHHC, published 2015-07-28) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-26 (NHHC link rot, standing issue); text verified via Wayback Machine capture 2025-01-25 (web.archive.org/web/20250125122027/.../krishna.html), DANFS entry body and header line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry: Krishna (ARL-38), originally classified LST-1149, reclassified ARL-38 1944-08-14; laid down 1945-02-23 by Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Seneca, Ill.; launched 1945-05-25, sponsored by Mrs. Eva Best Smith; placed in reduced commission during transfer to Mobile, Ala., for conversion; commissioned 1945-12-03 at Mobile, Lt. Lyle E. Brown in command. Departed Mobile 1946-01-08, arrived Norfolk 1946-01-14 for Amphibious Group 2 at Little Creek, Va.; operated from Little Creek 19+ years, Baffin Bay to Caribbean; Operation 'Blue Jay' 1951-05-25 to 1951-08-31 (Thule air base establishment); Operation 'Steel Pike I' off Huelva, Spain, Oct-Nov 1964; reactivated Kirwin (APD-90) 1964-12-01 to 1965-02-22; assigned Service Force Pacific Fleet 1965-06-01; arrived Gulf of Thailand off Vietnam 1965-09-17 as support ship for U.S. Coast Guard Squadron One patrol craft (repair facility, fueling station, operations/communications/command center); salvaged PCF-4 Feb 1966; crew helped extinguish fire at An Thoi 1966-04-30; SECNAV Paul H. Nitze visited 1966-07-15; Sasebo upkeep Aug 1966; resumed WestPac mission in Gulf of Siam 1966-10-07; patrolled off Vietnam into 1967. DANFS header: dp. 2,125; l. 328'; b. 50'; dr. 11'2"; s. 12 k.; cpl. 253; a. 8 40mm., 12 20mm.; cl. Achelous.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1967
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, construction, conversion, and service through early 1967; entry text ends in 1967 and does not cover 1967-1971 service, decommissioning, striking, or sale. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Krishna (ARL-38) page (archives/10/19/1938.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chronology block, awards/campaign table, and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Online compiled record for USS Krishna (ARL-38) / LST-1149: reduced commission 1945-06-06 for transit to conversion yard at Mobile; decommissioned 1945-06-16 at Mobile; fully commissioned 1945-12-03, Lt. Lyle E. Brown in command. Decommissioned 1971-10-30 at Subic Bay; struck from the Naval Register 1971-10-30; sold to the Republic of the Philippines 1971-10-30 and renamed BRP Narra (AR-38); 'Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Compiled awards: Combat Action Ribbon (1970-07-05); Navy Unit Commendation (2); American Campaign Medal; WWII Victory Medal; National Defense Service Medal (2); Vietnam Service Medal with twelve named campaign participation periods 1965-09-16 through 1971-10-09 (Vietnamese Defense through Consolidation I); RVN Gallantry Cross Unit Citation (4); RVN Campaign Medal. Compiled specifications: 2,220 t light / 3,960 t full / 4,840 t limiting; 327'9"; GM 12-567A diesels, 1,800 bhp; 21 officers, 232 enlisted.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1992
- Limitations
- Secondary archive compiling official records and photographs - fills the post-1967 gap the DANFS entry leaves (decommission/strike/sale 1971-10-30) but is not itself an official publication; Philippine hull number given as AR-38 conflicts with AR-88 in other compilations (see correction row); no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-02
-
[4]U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Vol. 92/12/766 (December 1966), 'Professional Notes, Notebook and Progress' - USS Krishna (ARL-38) Market Time item [reputable_press]
- Locator
- December 1966 issue, Krishna/ARL-38 item (search-result snippet text verified; full page blocked to automated fetch HTTP 403 on 2026-09-26)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings professional note (December 1966) describes Krishna's Vietnam role: base ship and 'market' for Navy and Coast Guard patrol boats on Operation Market Time in the Gulf of Siam, with the task group commander and staff embarked. Describes the LST-1149-to-ARL conversion: deckhouse extended forward on the main deck for additional workshop and storage facilities; a 60-ton derrick, 25-ton boom, and 10-ton boom added forward; 'the spacious tank deck became a well-equipped shop area containing electrical, instrument, and machinery repair facilities'; communications expanded for the Coastal Surveillance Force (TG 115.4) role at Phu Quoc Island.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945 conversion; 1965-1966 operations
- Population
- Krishna crew; embarked TG 115.4 staff; crews of supported patrol craft alongside
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous professional-journal description of the conversion layout and 1966 operational role; documents the workshop-intensive character of the ARL conversion but contains no asbestos, insulation-material, or hazardous-materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-03
-
[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era in which this hull was built (1945) and converted to a landing craft repair ship - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-04
-
[6]DANFS, 'Achelous (ARL-1)' (NHHC) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Live NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-26; text verified via Wayback Machine capture 2025-02-02 (web.archive.org/web/20250202214538/.../achelous.html), entry body and photo caption describing A-frame hoisting arrangement
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- DANFS class context: the Achelous class comprised tank landing ship (LST) hulls converted to landing craft repair ships fitted to service and hoist small craft - the ARL-1 lead-ship entry describes the type's repair-ship conversion pattern (workshop and cargo-handling additions on an LST hull), the same conversion type Krishna underwent.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1973
- Limitations
- Class-design context only - describes the ARL type (LST-hull repair-ship conversions), not this hull's material content; contains no asbestos statement; cannot support 'documented aboard this hull' wording.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-05
-
[7]CourtListener API v4 searches, 2026-09-26: type=o q="USS Krishna"; type=o q="ARL-38"; type=o q="LST-1149"; type=o q="Krishna" asbestos; type=r q="USS Krishna" OR "ARL-38" OR "LST-1149" [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-krishna-arl38-03 through sl-uss-krishna-arl38-07
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener API v4 sweep 2026-09-26 (authenticated, fleet-paced helper): opinion searches 'USS Krishna' (0 hits), 'ARL-38' (0 hits), 'LST-1149' (0 hits); opinion search 'Krishna' + asbestos returned 28 hits, all name collisions - 'Krishna' appears only as attorney/party names (e.g., Krishna J. Shah, Esq.; Krishna K. Singh) in unrelated matters; docket search '"USS Krishna" OR "ARL-38" OR "LST-1149"' returned 6 dockets, all unrelated case types (criminal, False Claims Act, bankruptcy) with no hull association in case names or visible text. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- CourtListener covers published opinions and RECAP dockets; absence of a hull hit does not prove no suit was ever filed - unindexed filings, settled cases, MDL-875 complaint vessel lists not captured in searchable opinions, and state-court records are outside this sweep's reach.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-06
-
[8]Batch-2630 search ledger (this record): DANFS entry; NavSource page; MARAD Vessel History Database K-listing (8 pages, 157 entries); CourtListener opinion+docket sweeps; web sweep including VA BVA decisions and asbestos-claim sources [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-krishna-arl38-01 through sl-uss-krishna-arl38-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming the Krishna/LST-1149 hull was found in public sources searched - the DANFS entry contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement; NavSource compilation contains none; the vessel is absent from the MARAD Vessel History Database (all 157 'K' vessel-name entries reviewed; consistent with a direct Navy-to-Philippine-Navy transfer never entering MARAD custody); the vessel is not in the Naval Vessel Register (stricken 1971, NVR covers active/recent hulls); web-indexed VA Board of Veterans' Appeals decisions show no decision naming this hull. The only public asbestos assertion located is a law-firm marketing page (gorilaw.com) claiming the ship was 'built using asbestos' - excluded as a banned source class and unsupported by any primary record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1945-built, 1945-converted Navy auxiliary is era-consistent with installed asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-07
-
[9]NARA, 'Logbooks of the U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978' (NARA ID 594258); NARA digitized-deck-logs guidance; NHHC library ZC ship-files source guide (Krishna entry); ShipIndex vessel citations listing [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online ; https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/digitized-logs ; NHHC source guide (Pennsylvania page lists 'Krishna ZC (Ship) Files'); https://www.shipindex.org/ships/krishna
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved at page level): (a) NARA - deck logs for Krishna (ARL-38) are digitized in the National Archives Catalog series 'Logbooks of the U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978' (NARA ID 594258; ShipIndex lists Krishna (ARL-38) digitized deck logs for 1956-1970, consistent with the VA Blue Water Navy digitization partnership); (b) NHHC library source guide lists a Krishna ZC (ship) file; (c) BuShips-era construction and conversion records (RG 19) and NARA holdings for the Chicago Bridge & Iron Seneca yard contract and the 1945 Mobile conversion are plausible loci for outfitting/materials documentation.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1971 records
- Limitations
- Holding-level identification only - no page-level review performed; deck-log and file contents (and any asbestos-specific documentation they might contain) are unexamined. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-08
-
[10]NavSource ARL-38 page vs Naval Cover Museum KRISHNA ARL-38 page vs Wikipedia USS Krishna (ARL-38) vs MRFA Krishna history page - secondary-source discrepancy check [other_primary]
- Locator
- Designation/name lists and infobox data across the four compilations
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies logged, not silently reconciled: (a) Philippine Navy designation of ex-Krishna (Narra) reported as AR-38 (NavSource; Naval Cover Museum) and as AR-88 (Wikipedia; Mobile Riverine Force Association) - unresolved, no Philippine official source located; (b) Philippine strike/disposal reported as ~1992 (Naval Cover Museum 'struck by the Philippines 1992'; Wikipedia 'decommissioned 1992') with final fate undocumented; (c) complement 253 (DANFS, NavSource) vs 260 (Wikipedia infobox) - DANFS figure adopted; (d) displacement and dimensions vary across compilations (DANFS 2,125 t; NavSource 2,220/3,960/4,840 t by condition; Wikipedia 1,781 lt/3,700 fl) - DANFS header figures carried in prose with NavSource noted.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1971-1992
- Limitations
- Documents publication-level discrepancies among secondary compilations; none of the compared sources is itself official for Philippine Navy records, and no Philippine primary source was located; does not affect U.S. identity or service timeline; no asbestos content in any compared source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-krishna-arl38-09