Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), 'Sandpiper II (LCI(L)-1008)' - verbatim text via Wayback capture (2025-12-09) of the official NHHC page, which returns 404 live (checked 2026-09-29) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Sandpiper II (LCI(L)-1008)', full entry text and spec line (Wayback capture 20251209114800)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The second Sandpiper was laid down as LCI(L)-1008 by Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, Tex., 29 April 1944; launched 25 May 1944; delivered 14 June 1944; commissioned 19 June 1944, Lt. (jg.) W. A. Green, USNR, in command. A week after commissioning she assumed flagship duties for LCI Group 71. After Gulf of Mexico shakedown she sailed 29 July 1944 for the Panama Canal and the Admiralties, arriving Seeadler Harbor, Manus, 22 September, joining the Seventh Fleet Amphibious Force; then Hollandia-based training and troop lifts along New Guinea and to New Britain through end-1944; Philippines from 9 January 1945 (San Pedro Bay, Leyte; Mindoro-area lifts; Americal Division to Samar). Combat landings documented: Zamboanga peninsula, Mindanao (Operation Victor IV) - beached 'Yellow Beach' 0955-1007 on 10 March 1945 carrying 41st Infantry Division troops; Tarakan, Borneo (Operation Oboe I) - landed RAAF personnel near Lingkas 1 May 1945, then towing duties; Balikpapan, Borneo (Operation Oboe II) - embarked 165 officers and men of the 7th Australian Infantry Division, beached 'Green Beach' 0815-0846 on 2 July 1945. Postwar Philippine shuttle service until detached 17 November 1945; San Diego late January 1946; decommissioned New Orleans 5 August 1946; berthed Green Cove Springs Reserve Fleet October 1946. Redesignated LSIL-1008 28 February 1949; named Sandpiper and reclassified AMCU-38 7 March 1952; 'remained at Green Cove Springs until 1954, when she was transferred to the Charleston Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet'; redesignated MHC-38 7 February 1955; struck 1 January 1960; transferred nine months later to the Miami (Fla.) Power Squadron. 'LCI(L)-1008 earned two battle stars for her service during World War II.' Spec line: dp. 393 (f.); l. 158'6"; b. 23'8"; dr. 5'8"; s. 14 k.; cpl. 40; trp. 194; a. 5 20mm.; cl. LCI(L)-351.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Ship's company (cpl. 40 per DANFS spec line) plus embarked troops (trp. 194); at Balikpapan she embarked 165 officers and men
- Limitations
- Authoritative service history; contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material information. DANFS omits the entire 1953 Charleston Naval Shipyard conversion and the October 1953 recommissioning that NavSource documents - its narrative ('remained at Green Cove Springs until 1954') conflicts with the conversion chronology and is carried unresolved. Launch date (25 May) conflicts with NavSource (27 May) - see gaps. Live NHHC page 404s (checked 2026-09-29); 2025-12-09 Wayback capture cited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-01
-
[2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, Sandpiper (MHC 38) ex-Sandpiper (AMCU 38) ex-LSIL-1008 ex-LCI(L)-1008 - chronology, LCI-351 class specification block, photos [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 11/0438 - chronology lines, LCI specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Chronology consistent with DANFS and adding the conversion record DANFS omits: conversion began 15 April 1953 at Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, S.C.; commissioned Sandpiper (AMCU 38) 7 October 1953 (mid-conversion); conversion completed 5 November 1953; transferred to the Charleston Group, Atlantic Reserve Fleet in 1954; reclassified Coastal Mine Hunter MHC-38 on 7 February 1955; removed from service and struck 1 January 1960; acquired October 1960 by the Miami Power Squadron, Inc. of Miami Beach, FL; out of documentation in 1974; fate unknown. Call sign NZET. Class spec block: two sets of four 200-bhp General Motors 6-71 diesel engines, four per shaft, twin variable-pitch propellers - a diesel plant with no boilers; displacement 216 t light/234 t landing/389 t loaded; length 158'5.5"; complement 2 officers/21 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers/182 enlisted; four single 20mm guns plus two later .50-cal machine guns; 2-inch plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house. Photo caption documents LCI(L)-1008 beached alongside LCI(L)-634, -626, and -625 during a probable stateside training exercise.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Population
- Ship's company ~23-40 depending on source and era; embarked troops up to ~182-194; Charleston Naval Shipyard conversion workforce (1953)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources; consistent with DANFS on the designation chain while supplying the conversion dates DANFS omits - the source of the conflict about her 1953 whereabouts (conversion at Charleston vs. DANFS's 'remained at Green Cove Springs until 1954'). Spec block is class-generic LCI-351 data, not a hull survey; equipment descriptions only, no asbestos content stated or implied. Launch date 27 May 1944 conflicts with DANFS's 25 May - see gaps. Complement 2+21 conflicts with DANFS cpl. 40 - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-02
-
[3]Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15,790, WWII battle-stars section (A) 'United States Ships' by-hull engagement index - primary scan inspected directly at p. 33 of PDF scan [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVPERS 15,790 scan (2a-WWII-battle-stars.pdf), section (A) United States Ships, p. 33 of scan, rightmost column: 'LCI (L) 1008: 27 Apr 45- 5 May 45 P37-1; 26 Jun 45- 6 Jul 45 P37-3'; transcription divergence at https://www.officialmilitaryribbons.com/us_navy_ships_world_war_2/uss_lci_995_lci_1055_world_war_2.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NAVPERS by-ship index credits LCI(L)-1008 with exactly two engagement rows, both Borneo campaign: '27 Apr 45 - 5 May 45, P37-1' (Tarakan Island operation) and '26 Jun 45 - 6 Jul 45, P37-3' (Balikpapan operation) - matching the DANFS narrative dates for Oboe I and Oboe II precisely. A NAVPERS-derived third-party transcription page instead lists LCI 1008 with a single '10 Mar 45 - 11 Mar 45, P39-3' (Mindanao Island landings - which by definition includes Zamboanga, where DANFS places this hull on 10 March); that row is absent from the 1953 scan's by-ship index, and the transcription diverges systematically from the scan across this hull block (e.g., for LCI-1001 the scan shows only a P31-1 Leyte row while the transcription lists P39-3/P39-4 Philippine rows). The DANFS two-battle-star total is consistent with crediting one star for Borneo (the P37 header authorizes only one star for one-or-more engagements) plus one for Mindanao, but the second star's basis is not verified in the primary scan.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945 (engagements); manual revisions through 1953
- Population
- Ship's company during the credited engagements, April-July 1945
- Limitations
- Direct inspection of the scanned primary manual; the discrepancy is real and unresolved - either the 1953 by-ship index omits her Mindanao engagement or the third-party transcription misattributes rows in this hull block. The transcription is the awards source relied on by sibling records in batches 4897/4898 - flagging a systematic transcription-reliability issue for maintainers. Does not adjudicate the Zamboanga star question; DANFS's two-star total stands as the official narrative figure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-03
-
[4]Shipbuilding History (Tim Colton), 'Consolidated Orange' - yard history and hull table for Consolidated Steel Corp., Orange, TX [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Consolidated Orange yard page, hull table row 1302 (LCI(L) 1008)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard table: Consolidated yard hull no. 1302 = U.S. Navy LCI(L) 1008, 260 tons, contract dated 10 December 1943, delivered June 1944; disposition noted 'Later AMCU 37, struck 1960'. Yard history: the wartime Orange yard built twelve Fletcher-class destroyers, 102 destroyer escorts, and Gearing-class hulls alongside LCI(L)s, employing about 20,000 at peak.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (construction); 1944-1960 (hull entry)
- Population
- Consolidated Steel Orange workforce (~20,000 peak, 1941-1945)
- Limitations
- Secondary reference (corroborated by DANFS/NavSource for builder, delivery month, and struck year). Its 'Later AMCU 37' is an off-by-one defect - the hull became AMCU-38 (Sandpiper) per DANFS/NavSource; logged as a source defect, not reproduced. Contains no asbestos or materials information. Consolidated Steel Orange is not an Atlas shipyards.json entry - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-04
-
[5]National Archives and Records Administration, Special List 44: List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (ship-number index) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 PDF, ship-number index, p. 14 of scan: 'LCI(L)-1008 6/19/1944 6/30/1944'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List 44 ship-number index records deck logs held for LCI(L)-1008 covering only 19 June 1944 through 30 June 1944 - the commissioning fortnight. This is an unusually narrow holding: sister hulls in the same block carry full wartime coverage (e.g., LCI(L)-1007: 6/19/1944-6/30/1945). The hull's wartime deck-log record from July 1944 through the Philippines/Borneo period is not in this index; the Group 71 war diaries and the hull's own Tarakan operation report (see ev-06) partially fill that gap.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-06-19 to 1944-06-30 (indexed log coverage)
- Population
- Ship's company, June 1944
- Limitations
- Index-level finding: Special List 44 confirms the indexed holding (RG 24 logbooks) and its date range, but the log pages themselves were not examined. The 12-day coverage could reflect an actual narrow holding, a lost/later-accessioned run, or an index artifact - unresolved; it should not be read as her full log coverage. Log coverage endpoints are logbook date ranges, not commissioning/decommissioning dates, and are not asserted as such.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-05
-
[6]NARA National Archives Catalog holdings naming this hull: 'LCI(L)-1008 - Rep of opers in the invasion of Tarakan Island, Borneo on 5/1-3/45' (NAID 101765880, serial 55 dated 5/4/1945, RG 38, 4 digitized images); 'LCI(L) 1008 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120341427, 107 digitized images, first roll 1944-06-30); plus LCI(L) Group 71 records from her flagship assignment - war diaries (NAID 139755427 6/26-9/30/44; NAID 78671757 10/44; NAID 139892421 11/44-1/45; NAID 77486519 6/45) and the group's Zamboanga (NAID 139936818) and Tarakan (NAID 101765833) operation reports [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov: NAID 101765880 (hull's Tarakan report); NAID 120341427 (hull muster rolls); NAID 139755427 / 78671757 / 139892421 / 77486519 (COM LCI(L) GR 71 war diaries); NAID 139936818 (GR 71 Zamboanga report); NAID 101765833 (GR 71 Tarakan report)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds digitized ship-specific primary records for this hull: her own four-page operation report for the Tarakan invasion (1-3 May 1945, serial 55 of 4 May 1945), 107 muster-roll images beginning 30 June 1944, and the war diaries and operation reports of LCI(L) Group 71 - for which she was flagship - covering her combat period (June 1944 through June 1945), including the group's own Zamboanga (10-11 March 1945) and Tarakan (1-3 May 1945) reports. These independently corroborate the DANFS campaign narrative and are the primary sources that could resolve the Zamboanga star-credit question and any ship-specific material/repair entries relevant to exposure research.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-06 to 1945-06 (record coverage)
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked troops 1944-1945; Group 71 staff (she was flagship)
- Limitations
- Catalog-level finding: NAID pages confirm the records exist, are digitized (Fold3/Ancestry partner scans), and are unrestricted - but their page contents were not examined in this pass; whether they contain material, repair, or availability entries relevant to asbestos is unknown. Group-level records describe the group's operations, with flagship context for this hull - they are not the hull's own deck logs.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-06
-
[7]Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AK-52, 'M/V Husky II' (ex-USS LCI(L) 653 / USS Avocet AMCU-16/MHC-16), Library of Congress [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 data pages 2-8, 14-15: Historical Context and Minehunter sections, footnotes 23-27, 40-41
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- HAER documents the AMCU conversion program this hull went through: in 1952-53 the Navy converted twenty-five LCI(L)s to coastal underwater-locator minesweepers; only fifteen were actually recommissioned and an additional eight planned conversions were cancelled. LCI(L)-1008 was in the completed cohort - conversion executed at Charleston Naval Shipyard 15 April-5 November 1953, commissioned as Sandpiper (AMCU-38) 7 October 1953. The report documents sister-hull construction typical of the type: 159' welded-steel hull; eight six-cylinder General Motors Series 71 diesel truck engines, four per shaft, with variable-pitch propellers; 2-inch plastic splinter protection described as crushed granite pebbles embedded in bitumen; converted-hull accommodation for five officers and thirty-six enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1960 (report scope); AMCU program 1952-1954
- Population
- LCI(L)-class crews; AMCU conversion-yard workforces (Charleston 1953 for this hull)
- Limitations
- Documents the AMCU program and a sister hull (LCI(L)-653, converted at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard), not this hull - program/class-level evidence. The word 'asbestos' does not appear anywhere in the 23-page report; the splinter-protection material is described as granite pebbles in bitumen, with no asbestos stated. Charleston Naval Shipyard's specific conversion work package for this hull was not located - the Charleston industrial record is the archival lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-07
-
[8]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-1093 / Skimmer (AMCU-41) - chronology documenting an executed Charleston Naval Shipyard AMCU conversion in the same window [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/15/151093 - Skimmer (AMCU-41) chronology, Charleston conversion dates
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documents the Atlantic-side AMCU conversion line at the same yard and in the same window as this hull's executed conversion: sister craft LCI(L)-1093 was converted to a Coastal Minesweeper (Underwater Locator) from 15 August 1953 to 15 February 1954 at Charleston Naval Shipyard, Charleston, S.C., and commissioned as Skimmer (AMCU-41) on 23 January 1954; AMCU-34 Ortolan was likewise converted at Charleston. Sandpiper (AMCU-38) was in the same Charleston pipeline - conversion 15 April-5 November 1953 per her own NavSource chronology - establishing that the yard ran a serial conversion program on these hulls in 1953-54.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1953-1954
- Population
- Charleston Naval Shipyard conversion workforce (1953-1954)
- Limitations
- Sister-hull record used as program/yard context only; establishes Charleston Naval Shipyard as the documented Atlantic AMCU conversion site and this hull's presence in that pipeline - it does not document what materials were installed or removed aboard this specific craft. No conversion work package for this hull located. Volunteer-compiled archival page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-08
-
[9]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era and production system (a wartime emergency yard building destroyers and landing craft at ~20,000 peak workforce) in which this hull was built. For a diesel-powered landing craft with no boilers, the era-relevant applications concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing, deck coverings, accommodation insulation, and winch/crane brake linings.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope); applied 1944-1974
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers (Orange TX, 1944); wartime crew and embarked troops; Charleston conversion workforce (1953)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship plus class/type inference; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this craft contained asbestos. No ship-specific product is verified; the diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels. The 1953 Charleston conversion adds a second disturbance window whose material scope is undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-09
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or when required for repairs, modified in 1979 toward selective replacement in high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation that never governed this hull: she was struck in 1960 and passed to civilian hands, roughly two decades before either policy existed. Context for the era fleet picture only. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-10
-
[11]Batch-4905 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback-verified NHHC capture; NavSource 11/0438; NAVPERS 15,790 primary scan (p. 33, direct inspection) plus derived transcription; shipbuildinghistory.com Consolidated Orange; NARA Special List 44 and digitized catalog holdings (NAIDs verified live); HAER AK-52; NavSource Skimmer AMCU-41 conversion record; CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches (2026-09-29); shipyards.json yard check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming LCI(L)-1008, LCIL-1008, LCI-1008, LSIL-1008, LSI(L)-1008, AMCU-38, MHC-38, Sandpiper, or USS Sandpiper was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener API queries returned zero opinion hits for all hull identifiers and for the exact phrase 'USS Sandpiper', and zero docket hits for 'USS Sandpiper'; the single docket hit on hull identifiers was a prisoner-conditions case (numeric collision), the 'AMCU-38/AMCU 38/MHC-38' opinion hit was a Delaware LLC dispute matching an embedded corporate string, and 'Sandpiper asbestos' opinions were all non-vessel collisions. The hull is not documented as scrapped - transferred to the Miami Power Squadron in 1960, out of documentation 1974, fate unknown - so no disposal/museum disclosure channel exists to carry a present-day materials statement.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built naval craft is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and a completed Charleston Naval Shipyard conversion in 1953 is a documented disturbance event whose material scope is unlocated. The finding addresses documentation only: no source establishes asbestos presence or absence aboard this hull, and none establishes or defeats any claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener coverage: all hull identifiers and both vessel-name forms were run in the opinion index, hull identifiers and 'USS Sandpiper' in the docket index; a broad 'Sandpiper' docket sweep remains unrun (generic-name sweeps are non-exhaustive by nature) - documented in the search ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1008-lcil1008-11