Evidence
16 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-16).
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[1]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(R)-1028 ex USS LCI(L)-1028 - build/milestone timeline, reclassification, flotilla assignments, ribbon display, specifications; history credited to Turner Publishing, 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry' vol. II (1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151028.htm header block, awards display, 'LCI-351 Class' timeline, Commanding Officers table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Timeline for this hull: laid down 18 April 1944 at Albina Engine and Machinery Works, Portland, OR; launched 24 May 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1028, 4 July 1944, LTjg. B. A. Lowrance USNR in command; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Rocket) LCI(R)-1028, 15 March 1945. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater; participated in the Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 26 March - 30 June 1945); occupation service in the Far East 2 September - 15 December 1945; decommissioned date unknown; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 13 January 1947; final disposition fate unknown; earned one battle star for WWII service. Ribbon display: American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign (1 star device), WWII Victory, Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp). Specifications as printed: 216 t light / 234 t landing / 389 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max, 14 kts continuous; LCI(L) complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted, LCI(R) complement 3 + 31; LCI(L) armament four single 20mm + two .50 cal; LCI(R) armament one 40mm bow mount, four 20mm, two .50 cal, six 5" rocket launchers; two sets of 4 GM series-71 diesels, 4 per shaft, single GM main reduction gears, two 30kW DC generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-47)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - dates corroborated by uboat.net and the Colton Albina table. Its unit line (Flotilla Sixteen / Group Forty-Eight / Division Ninety-Six) is only PARTLY consistent with primary records: the Group 48 element conflicts with the ship's group war diaries and the official 1 May 1945 fleet organization (both show Group 63 under Flotilla 21, Thompson commanding - see ev-05, ev-06), while the Division 96 element is corroborated by the ship's own July 1945 war diary routing via Commander LCI(R) Division 96 aboard LCI(R)-651 (see ev-10). 'Struck 1946' carries no exact date; the Colton table's 'To USMC 1946' and NavSource's 'transferred to the Maritime Commission 13 January 1947' bracket the disposal across the year boundary. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-01
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[2]shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), Albina Engine & Machine Works build table, hull 178 = LCI(L) 1028; corroborated by uboat.net Allied Warships ship/22093 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com Albina table, yard hull 178 row; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/22093.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent corroboration of build and disposal data: Albina yard hull no. 178 = 'LCI(L) 1028, U.S. Navy, Landing Craft, 246 t, 159 ft, 4-Jul-44, To USMC 1946' (Colton table). uboat.net separately lists: LCI 351 class, built Albina Engine & Machine Works, Portland; laid down 18 Apr 1944; launched 24 May 1944; commissioned 4 Jul 1944; history line 'Reclassified as LCI(R), Landing Craft Rocket 15 March 1945'; no commands listed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilations consistent with each other and with NavSource on build/commission/reclassification dates; disposal recorded as 'To USMC 1946' (Colton) vs 'transferred to the Maritime Commission 13 January 1947' (NavSource) - a year-boundary variance, unresolved; see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-02
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[3]NARA, U.S. Navy deck logs for LCI(L)(R)-1028, coverage 7/4/1944 - 6/30/1945 (batch PRIMARY index; WWII deck logs, Record Group 24, series 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations' NAID 594258, digitized under the NARA/Ancestry partnership) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA deck logs, LCI(L)(R)-1028, 7/4/1944-6/30/1945 (per batch tasking PRIMARY index); logbook series NAID 594258
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NARA holds the ship's deck logs covering 4 July 1944 - 30 June 1945 under the combined designation 'LCI(L)(R)-1028': the dated operational record establishing this hull's in-service interval from commissioning (4 July 1944, matching the NavSource/uboat.net commission date exactly) through the end of the Okinawa operation. The combined 'LCI(L)(R)' log title spans the hull's 15 March 1945 reclassification.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-07-04 to 1945-06-30
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Log coverage endpoints are NOT claimed as commissioning/decommissioning dates - coverage simply documents the logged interval. The specific file-unit NAID was not surfaced in the catalog UI this session (catalog name searches surface muster rolls, war diaries, and action reports under the hull designations; deck-log file units are titled by ship and month in series 594258); the coverage interval itself is asserted by the batch PRIMARY index and is consistent with the commissioned date. No asbestos content expected from deck logs.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-03
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[4]NARA file units 'LCI(L) 1028 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120339295 (13 images) and 'LCI(R) 1028 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120339309 (52 images), Record Group 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel), series 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (1939-1949) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog NAID 120339295 (13 images; first 'Muster Roll Date: 1944 September 30'); NAID 120339309 (52 images; 'Muster Roll Date: 1944 December 31')
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's muster rolls are digitized at NARA under BOTH designations - separate file units titled 'LCI(L) 1028' and 'LCI(R) 1028', the designation split reflecting the March 1945 reclassification. The LCI(L) file unit carries 13 images with the first roll shown dated 30 September 1944; the LCI(R) file unit carries 52 images with a roll shown dated 31 December 1944. These are the hull's ship-specific personnel records - the population source for any exposure-relevant crew verification.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (roll coverage)
- Population
- Ship's company by name/rating, quarterly rolls from September 1944
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the rolls were located and inspected at file-unit level, not abstracted page-by-page; crew names/strength were not extracted this session. A 'LCI(R) 1028' roll dated 31 December 1944 predates the documented 15 March 1945 reclassification - the file-unit title likely reflects how the roll set was microfilmed/filed under the later designation rather than the designation in force on that date; unresolved. Muster rolls document personnel, not materials - no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-04
-
[5]NARA file units 'COM LCI(L) GR 63 - War Diary, 9/1-30/44' (NAID 78671746, 1 image, Roll A1251, micro serial 94658, dated 10/15/1944) and 'COM LCI(L) GR 63 - War Diary, 10/1-31/44' (NAID 78674333, 3 images, Roll A1254, micro serial 94787, dated 11/14/1944), Record Group 38, WWII War Diaries series - signed F. Thompson, Jr., Commander LCI(L) Group Sixty-Three, via Commander LCI(L) Flotilla Twenty-One (read in full this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78671746, image 1022 of Roll A1251 (1 page); NAID 78674333, images 0084-0086 of Roll A1254 (3 pages)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-specific operational record of the work-up period. Group Sixty-Three (attached to LCI(L) Flotilla Twenty-One and Commander, Amphibious Training Command, U.S. Pacific Fleet) arrived San Diego from Coco Solo, C.Z., 1 September 1944. LCI(L) 1028 named in company on: 8-13 September - training operations, San Diego-Cardiff area, Order No. 89-44 (Training Unit Zurmuehlen in USS LCI(L) 780); 1 October - underway under Order 114-44, Capt. E. C. Rook OTC as Commander Re-Embarkation Unit Thompson, 'LCI(L)s 771, 772, 1028, and 1030 of LCI(L) Group Sixty-Three in company,' re-embarking troops of the 386th Regimental Combat Team, 97th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, carried to USS Neville; 2-7 October - San Nicolas Island area operations under Order 117-44; 12 October - re-embarkation exercise under Order A37-44; 23 October - exercise under Order A52-44 with 771, 772, 1029, 1030; 27-30 October - personnel lift San Diego to Morro Bay (ComATCPac mailgram 251616), continuing to San Pedro (moored Net Pier, NOB San Pedro 29 October) and a 30 October run anchoring off San Nicolas Island; moored South Quay Wall, Naval Repair Base San Diego between operations.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-09 to 1944-10
- Population
- Crew (Sep-Oct 1944); embarked 386th RCT/97th ID troops during exercises; Naval Repair Base San Diego trades during moorings
- Limitations
- Primary ship-specific operational record, but a group-level diary - entries are the group commander's account naming the craft in company, not the ship's own log. Documents underway periods, troop re-embarkation exercises, and repeated moorings/availabilities at the Naval Repair Base San Diego WITHOUT naming insulation or any other materials - not an asbestos record. Confirms the administrative chain Group 63 / Flotilla 21 for Sep-Oct 1944.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-05
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[6]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (Navy Department Library online reading room) - landing craft flotillas listing [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC online reading room page, 'Landing Craft Flotillas' section: LCI Flotilla Twenty-One > LCI Group 63 > LCI Division 125 (RCM)(R) > 'LCI 1028 - Lt. (jg) B. A. Lawrence (USNR)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION to the group element of the secondary-source unit line: the official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization lists LCI 1028 under LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-ONE (Capt. E. C. Rook; Comdr. L. M. Bailliere USNR), LCI GROUP 63 (ComLCIGrp 63, Lt. Cdr. F. Thompson, Jr. USNR), LCI DIVISION 125 printed with the marker '(RCM) (R)' - commanding officer Lt. (jg) B. A. Lawrence (USNR), alongside LCIs 642, 650, 651, 771, and 772. NavSource's 'Group Forty-Eight' element does NOT match this official document (Group 48 on 1 May 1945 was under Flotilla Sixteen, ComLCIGrp 48 Lt. Cdr. P. W. Howard); the ship's own group commander signed the September-October 1944 war diaries as Commander LCI(L) Group Sixty-Three.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Crew under Lt. (jg) B. A. Lowrance/Lawrence USNR, spring 1945
- Limitations
- A single-date official snapshot of the ADMINISTRATIVE organization; operational task organization at Okinawa differed (the ship's own reports route via RCM & Rocket Support Group TG 52.20 / division 52.20.2, and the July 1945 diary via Commander LCI(R) Division 96 aboard LCI(R)-651). NavSource's Division 96 element is thus corroborated for July 1945 operations while its Group 48 element conflicts with both primary administrative records - logged unresolved, not adjudicated. The printed CO name 'B. A. Lawrence' differs from the ship's own signature 'Bomar A. Lowrance' (see gaps). '(RCM) (R)' transcribed verbatim; published secondary literature (Rielly, American Amphibious Gunboats) glosses RCM as radar countermeasures fit. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-06
-
[7]NARA file unit 'LCI(R)-1028 - War Diary, 3/25/45 to 4/30/45', NAID 139993483, Record Group 38, WWII War Diaries series, Roll A1581, micro serial 120409, dated 5/5/1945 - signed Bomar A. Lowrance, Lt.(jg), USNR, Commanding, via ComRCM&RockSupGrp (52.20) and ComRCM&RockSupDiv (52.20.1)/(52.20.2) (4 images, read in full this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 139993483, Roll A1581 images 0580-0583 (transmittal letter + 3 diary pages)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's OWN war diary, combat period. 25 March 1945: underway 1200 from San Pedro Bay, Leyte, P.I., to Okinawa under Commander Amphibious Force U.S. Pacific Fleet Operation Plan A1-45, in Tractor Group Easy. 31 March: approached southwest Okinawa; final rocket-loading drills. 1 April (L-Day): steamed between Moe Shima and Okinawa, fired rockets in support of the initial landings; thereafter 'press boat' duties by day (including a 9 April run to USS Nevada off southern Okinawa) and night screening of the invasion-fleet anchorage's northern flank (station two miles north of Keise Shima); observed an explosion astern believed to be a suicide plane. 2 April 0440: ran aground on Nagannu Shima, backed clear 0450. AA firing expended: 6 April 224 rounds 20mm + 30 rounds 40mm; 7 April 216 + 8; 13 April 130 + 40; 15 April 107 + 8 (twin-motor bomber low over bow). 19-28 April: detached from TG 52.20 to TG 52.2 at Kerama Retto delivering mail to minecraft on screening stations; returned to TG 52.20 at Okinawa 28 April; 29-30 April screening and anti-small-boat patrol for USS Salt Lake City off Machinato, Okinawa. The report for 12 April is the separate AA action report (ev-09).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-03-25 to 1945-04-30
- Population
- Crew (Mar-Apr 1945, Lt.(jg) Lowrance commanding)
- Limitations
- Primary ship-specific operational record - the craft's own diary signed by her commanding officer. Documents combat operations, grounding, and repeated AA/screening duty WITHOUT naming insulation or any other materials - not an asbestos record. The diary confirms the rocket-fit armament in use (launchers #1-#6) but records firing, not construction details.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-07
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[8]NARA file unit 'LCI(R)-1028 - Rep of opers in the invasion of Okinawa Jima, Ryukyu Islands, 4/1/45', NAID 77472957, Record Group 38, WWII War Diaries series, Roll A1772, micro serial 134247, dated 4/5/1945 (4 images; Enclosure (A) Action Report pages read this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77472957, Roll A1772 images 0789-0792; Enclosure (A) Action Report pp. 2-3 (ammunition summary on p. 3)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own L-Day action report. In company with Task Force Division 52.20.2, forming on the division commander in LCI(R) 651, the craft conducted repeated rocket firing runs 0825-1212 on 1 April 1945: ripple salvos from six launchers interspersed with 40mm fire at spotted beach targets (a boat off the beach, a small tower on the point); hangfires safed and tossed over side. Total ammunition expended on the firing runs: 822 rounds of 5-inch rockets, 244 rounds of 40mm, and 56 rounds of 20mm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-04-01
- Population
- Crew (1 April 1945); embarked ordnance-handling detail at GQ
- Limitations
- Primary ship-specific combat record - ammunition expenditure and firing-run detail are the craft's own figures. Documents weapons employment, not construction materials; the rocket fit (six launchers) is confirmed in use. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-08
-
[9]NARA file unit 'LCI(R)-1028 - Rep of A A action off Okinawa Jima, Ryukyu Islands, 4/12/45', NAID 101730734, Record Group 38, WWII War Diaries series, Roll A1734, micro serial 131297, dated 4/13/1945 (6 images; report body pages read this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 101730734, Roll A1734 images 0108-0113 (report body read; remainder transmittal/enclosure pages)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own antiaircraft action report. 12 April 1945, 1355-1420, off Chatan, Okinawa: a single enemy plane (identified as 'Nate,' possibly 'Val') made a daylight suicide run on the loaded merchant ship S.S. Minot Victory anchored 300 yards off this craft's starboard beam. LCI(R)-1028 opened fire with all guns - one 40mm and four 20mm - expending 20 rounds of 40mm and 320 rounds of 20mm. The plane's starboard wing struck Minot Victory's port boom and it crashed into the sea in flames 100-150 yards off that ship's port bow; the report claims hits with both calibers.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-04-12
- Population
- Crew (12 April 1945); S.S. Minot Victory crew as target vessel
- Limitations
- Primary ship-specific combat record. Establishes the craft's position and firing during the 12 April raid; the kill claim is the ship's own assessment, not an adjudicated award. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-09
-
[10]NARA file unit 'LCI(R)-1028 - War Diary, 7/1-31/45', NAID 101779049, Record Group 38, WWII War Diaries series, Roll A1795, micro serial 136395, dated 8/3/1945 - signed Bomar A. Lowrance, Lieut., USNR, Commanding, via 'Commander LCI(R) Division 96 R. (Commanding Officer, USS LCI(R) 651.)' (2 images, read in full this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 101779049, Roll A1795 images 0010-0011 (transmittal letter + diary page)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The ship's own war diary for July 1945. The craft operated in eastern Okinawa waters as part of task unit 99.1.12 until 27 July 1945, then task unit 95.5.12 (Commander LCS(L)(3) Group 14 / Commander Inner Screen, Eastern Okinawa), its stated employment 'the singular assignment: smoke screening large ships.' General-quarters stations were manned per radio direction under repeated air-raid and typhoon warnings. 15 July: stern anchor lost when its cable parted; bow anchor cable replaced. 19 July at dusk: two enemy planes ran in on ships anchored in South Buckner Bay under low ceiling and an impending typhoon; one crashed missing its target and the other banked into cloud - no ship reached GQ or fired. The routing via 'Commander LCI(R) Division 96' aboard LCI(R)-651 corroborates the division element of NavSource's unit line for this operational period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-07-01 to 1945-07-31
- Population
- Crew (July 1945, Lt. Lowrance commanding)
- Limitations
- Primary ship-specific operational record. Documents smoke-screening and screen duty under air-raid conditions in the post-assault phase; smoke-making duty is a period employment fact, not a materials record - no asbestos content. Confirms the CO's promotion (Lt.) and the July operational chain.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-10
-
[11]Okinawa Prefectural Archives, 'US-collected materials - Dept. of Defense/Navy' photo collection, item 102-03-2 (creator: U.S. Navy, dated 1945-04-01); plus NARA film frame cited by NavSource, National Archives ID 78169 / local ID 428-NPC-7597 [other_primary]
- Locator
- OPA item 102-03-2 (cont_cd 0000072404, '米国立公文書館蔵 米海軍写真資料 04'); NavSource photo 1015102802 caption citing NARA 428-NPC-7597
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An official U.S. Navy photograph held in the Okinawa Prefectural Archives' US-collected Navy photo series is captioned: 'Rockets fired from LCI (R)'s on Okinawa in Rykyus L-day. LCI(R)-1028, left center, LST-1033-left background' - dated 1 April 1945, photographic documentation of this hull firing rockets on L-Day, consistent with her own action report. NavSource additionally carries a frame from the Department of the Navy film 'Landing Ships Off Beachhead, Okinawa' (National Archives ID 78169, local ID 428-NPC-7597) showing the ship underway off the invasion beaches, 3 April 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-04-01 to 1945-04-03
- Population
- Crew (1-3 April 1945)
- Limitations
- Archival lead / visual documentation: photographs establish the hull's presence and employment at Okinawa on L-Day and 3 April - presence and firing, not materials. The OPA metadata groups the item in a 27 March - 1 April photo set; the caption itself assigns L-day (1 April). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-11
-
[12]Albina Engine & Machine v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010) (No. 09-70592, BRB No. 08-0403; published opinion, Tashima, J.) [court_record]
- Locator
- 627 F.3d 1293; CourtListener opinion 180868; Justia No. 09-70592, filed 2010-12-10; ALJ/BRB procedural history recounted in the opinion's background
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Published Ninth Circuit decision documenting asbestos exposure at this hull's builder yard: decedent James R. McAllister worked as a shipyard carpenter in Portland in 1956 for Willamette Iron & Steel and then Albina Engine & Machine, moved to a Lockheed predecessor in Seattle in 1957, left maritime employment 1960, and died of mesothelioma in 2002. All parties stipulated that death was caused by asbestos exposure in shipyard employment. At trial, ALJ Berlin found the exposure evidence strongest at Albina/WISCO and assigned LHWCA death-benefit liability to Albina; the Benefits Review Board affirmed. The Ninth Circuit GRANTED Albina's petition and reassigned liability to Lockheed - an appellate reversal on last-employer-rule/burden-of-proof allocation grounds that leaves the trial-level exposure record undisturbed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1956-1957 (exposure window litigated); 2004-2010 (proceedings)
- Population
- Albina Engine & Machine Works shipyard trades, esp. carpenters (mid-1950s documented window)
- Limitations
- Yard-level record, not a hull record: the decedent's Albina employment (1956) postdates this hull's construction by ~12 years, involves carpenter work, not work aboard LCI(L)-1028, and the case establishes compensation liability allocation, not any fact about this vessel. Exposure facts were stipulated and tried at ALJ level; the appellate disposition changed which employer pays, not whether Portland shipyard asbestos exposure occurred. Classified at litigation (trial-findings-reviewed) stage per batch discipline - no pleading-stage inflation. Opinion text verified via Justia ca9 09-70592 in batch-4917 this same day; CourtListener opinion 180868 verified in batch-4910/4917.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-12
-
[13]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (LCI-351 class, diesel plant, no steam); NHHC museum class description (LCI(L)-10 page: 'The same hull was modified into mortar, gunboat and rocket versions'); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-14); Albina yard litigation record (ev-12) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; NHHC LCI(L)-10 museum page (class description); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A welded-steel diesel landing craft built April-July 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-insulation era. As a diesel craft with no boilers or steam plant, the heavy boiler/turbine-lagging pathway of larger warships does not apply; era-standard applications aboard a craft of this type and period were engine and diesel-exhaust lagging, machinery insulation, gaskets, valve packing, and electrical/wiring insulation within a confined 158-ft steel hull carrying ~24-34 crew and up to ~188 troops. Her documented March 1945 conversion to rocket fit (six 5-inch launchers, 40mm bow gun - conversion yard unlocated) is a real mid-life yard event aboard this hull, but no materials are named in located records.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Albina construction trades (1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-47); conversion-yard workforce (early 1945, unlocated); any MARCOM/disposal workforce (1946-47)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or abatement record located for LCI(L)-1028/LCI(R)-1028. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. The diesel-only plant bounds the exposure pathway: materially smaller asbestos footprint than steam-powered vessels, though confined-hull crowding works the other way. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-13
-
[14]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era (1944-47).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing limitation since batch-01); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-14
-
[15]NHHC, National Museum of the U.S. Navy, 'Landing Craft Infantry (Large)-10 (USS LCI(L)-10)' - official LCI(L) class description and Bureau of Ships photo series including same-block sister craft [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC NMUSN 'Ships USN-L' photo pages, LCI(L) class description paragraph; photo captions 19-LCM-Box-450-LCI-1025-1/-2 (LCI(L)-1025, Columbia River trials, June 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official class-level description: the Navy-designed LCI was 'launched by the hundreds'; the 157-ft craft made ~14 kts, carried a crew of 24 officers and men, and four 20mm guns; later marks eliminated bow ramps for bow doors, and 'the same hull was modified into mortar, gunboat and rocket versions to give direct fire support for amphibious assaults' - the modification pathway this hull actually took. The page's BuShips photo series includes sister craft LCI(L)-1025 - three hulls earlier in the same Albina block - on trials on the Columbia River, June 1944, during this hull's own fitting-out period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- LCI(L)/LCI(R) crews and embarked troops (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level context: describes the type and a same-block sister, not this hull; the 'crew of 24' figure varies from NavSource's itemized complements (3+21 LCI(L); 3+31 LCI(R)) - see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-15
-
[16]Batch-4925 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS probe, NavSource, uboat.net, shipbuildinghistory/Colton table, NARA catalog (two muster-roll file units, two group war diaries, two ship's war diaries, two action reports read; commander-level Okinawa reports cataloged), NHHC 1 May 1945 fleet organization, Okinawa Prefectural Archives US-collected Navy photo, CourtListener fleet-paced helper (all 6 queries completed: 0 hits), secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-01 through -22
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-1028 / LCI(R)-1028 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener returned zero opinions AND zero dockets for all three name forms - '"LCI(L)-1028"', '"LCI(R)-1028"', and '"LCI 1028"' - a complete clean negative across opinion and RECAP indexes. The general web sweep surfaced no qualifying hull-specific asbestos material at all, not even law-firm listicle coverage. A real yard-level exposure case exists (ev-12) but documents the builder, not the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. For a numbered 158-ft landing craft stricken in 1946 and transferred to MARCOM in January 1947, ship-specific hazmat documentation is inherently unlikely to exist. Deck logs (through Jun 1945), muster rolls under both designations, the BuShips 'L' correspondence series, and the MARCOM transfer file are digitized/undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1028-lcil1028-16