Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet zcp-packet.md (5 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-pkt-zcp-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Sentinel IV (AMCU-39) - live NHHC page covering this hull's construction, WWII service, minesweeper conversion, and striking (entry writes the wartime hull as 'LSIL-1052'; NavSource's verbatim DANFS transcription renders it LCI(L)-1052 - see gaps) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Sentinel IV entry, specification block and service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 8 February 1944 by Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, Mich.; launched 9 March 1944; commissioned 21 March 1944. Shakedown off the east coast; Atlantic Fleet duty 6 May 1944; reassigned to 19th (Pacific) Fleet Amphibious Force 19 July. Kwajalein 4 September; Eniwetok ferry/mail duty after installation of Army-type radio equipment until 12 October; Ulithi Channel 21 October; ferried recreation parties for USS Washington (BB-56) in Ulithi Harbor until 9 November; relieved USS Cushing (DD-797) of a boat in tow; passenger/mail/aircraft-parts ferrying in the Carolines until 25 May 1945; Tacloban, Leyte Gulf, until 22 July and to the end of hostilities; departed via the Marshalls for Hawaii September 1945; Pearl Harbor to San Francisco 1-18 February 1946; Astoria, Oregon; decommissioned September 1946. Reclassified AMCU-39 7 March 1952; conversion contracted to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, began 1 December 1953, completed 18 May 1954; all AMCUs redesignated MHC (minehunter, coastal) 7 February 1955; struck from the Navy list 1 January 1960. AMCU-39 spec block: dp. 260; l. 159'; b. 23'8"; dr. 5'8"; s. 14.4 k.; cpl. 41; a. 2 20mm.; cl. AMCU-7.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (Feb-Mar 1944); wartime crew (~40, complement per spec blocks); Puget Sound Naval Shipyard conversion trades (1953-54)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific service history and specifications - contains no asbestos or materials content. The NHHC text styles the wartime hull 'LSIL-1052' though she was designated LCI(L)-1052 until the 1949 reclassification (anachronism carried in gaps). Live page verified 2026-09-29 via Firecrawl (direct curl fetch returned 404 - bot-blocked, not dead).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, Sentinel (MHC 39) ex-Sentinel (AMCU 39) ex-LCI(L)-1052 - designation timeline, LCI specifications block, commanding officer, and dated photograph [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/0439.htm header block, specifications block, photo caption (11043901/11043902)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 8 February 1944 as LCI-1052 by Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Large); launched 9 March 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1052, 21 March 1944, Lt. (jg) James A. Cowart, USNR; decommissioned 1 September 1946 at Astoria, OR; reclassified Landing Ship Infantry (Large) LSI(L)-1052, 28 February 1949; named Sentinel and reclassified coastal minesweeper (underwater locator) AMCU-39, 7 March 1952; conversion at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard 1 December 1953 - 18 May 1954; reclassified coastal minehunter MHC-39, 7 February 1955; never recommissioned; struck from the Naval Register 1 January 1960; page lists 'fate unknown' (superseded - see ev-07). Photo caption places this hull in the foreground at Ulithi 6 March 1945 with USS Hornet (CV-12) anchored with Air Group 17. LCI spec block: 216 t. light / 389 t. loaded; 158 ft; five 20mm + two .50 cal; complement 40; propulsion two sets of four 2,320shp General Motors 6051-71 diesels, four per shaft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Crew 1944-46 (complement 40); conversion yard trades 1953-54
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - dates here generally track DANFS and are consistent with it for this hull. 'Fate unknown' is superseded by the registry trail in ev-07. No asbestos content. The NavSource amphibious-archive page for hull 1052 (archives/10/15/151052.htm) returned HTTP 500 - possible secondary photo page unavailable.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-02
-
[4]NHHC, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official organizational listing, Online Reading Room) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Pacific Fleet organization list, LCI Flotilla Thirteen > LCI Group 37 > LCI Division 73, 'LCI 1052 ... Lt. J. A. Cowart (USNR)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Pacific Fleet organization listing as of 1 May 1945 places LCI 1052 in LCI Division 73, LCI Group 37, LCI Flotilla Thirteen (Commander LCI Flotilla 13: Comdr. M. B. Brown), under Landing Craft Flotillas, Pacific Fleet; commanding officer Lt. J. A. Cowart (USNR) - the same officer who commissioned her in March 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Wartime crew under Lt. Cowart
- Limitations
- Documents organizational assignment and commanding officer on 1 May 1945 - not materials, work performed, or asbestos content. Confirms Pacific Fleet amphibious organization rather than assault-group assignment, consistent with the utility/ferry service DANFS describes.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-03
-
[5]NARA, 'LCI(L) 1052 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120338840 - Record Group 24, Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities (1939-1949); 106 scanned images (Ancestry partnership), first roll dated 31 March 1944 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog file unit NAID 120338840, RG 24
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Ship-specific personnel records survive and are digitized: the muster rolls for this hull begin 31 March 1944 (ten days after commissioning) and run through the 106-image file unit, documenting the named crew population aboard roll by roll.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-03-31 (first roll) through end of unit span (per-hull end date not enumerated; parent series 1939-1949)
- Population
- Commissioned-era crew of LCI(L)-1052 (1944-forward)
- Limitations
- Archival lead: establishes the crew roster exists and is viewable online; individual exposure claims cannot be derived from a roster alone - the rolls name who was aboard, not what they inhaled. Roll-by-roll enumeration of this hull's complement was not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-04
-
[6]NARA Navy deck logs (RG 24) - coverage for LCI(L)-1052 recorded as 21 March 1944 - 30 June 1945 (per batch PRIMARY NARA check / NARA deck-logs index); NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA deck-logs coverage index (LCI(L)-1052 3/21/1944-6/30/1945); catalog.archives.gov search 'LCI(L)-1052' (34 file-unit hits incl. NAID 78507576, NAID 184538403)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA records Navy deck logs for this hull covering 21 March 1944 - 30 June 1945 - commissioning through the Tacloban period. Coverage endpoints are log-holding bounds, not service dates. The hull does not appear on NARA's digitized-online deck-log list as of this research date, so retrieval is an in-person/copy-order lead at Archives II, College Park. Catalog search also surfaces indexed mentions of the hull in wartime diaries (e.g., COM LCI(L) FLOT 15 war diary file, 5/19/44-6/30/44, NAID 78507576) and a records unit for the Portland Sub Group, 19th Fleet (Pacific Reserve Fleet), 2/18/46-1/1/47 (NAID 184538403) - her inactivation-era administrative home at Astoria.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-03-21 to 1945-06-30 (log coverage)
- Population
- Crew and officers-of-the-deck, March 1944 - June 1945
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: deck-log holdings are documented but the logs were not reviewed and are not confirmed digitized; nothing is asserted about their contents. Log coverage ends 30 June 1945, ~15 months before decommissioning - post-June-1945 deck logs were not located in the catalog (carried in gaps). War-diary indexing is a mention, not evidence of Flotilla 15 assignment (NHHC fleet org puts her in Flotilla 13).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-05
-
[7]Global Diving & Salvage, Inc., project record 'F/V Sitkin Island Defueling' (June 2011) - contractor's own documentation of a Washington State Department of Ecology contract aboard this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- gdiving.com project page 'F/V Sitkin Island Defueling', June 2011
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- In June 2011 Global Diving & Salvage was contracted by the Washington State Department of Ecology 'to perform a full survey and removal of all possible pollution sources aboard the Sitkin Island, a 160-foot crab fishing vessel' - the surviving hull of LCI(L)-1052 (identity chain, ev-07). A tankage survey was conducted and 'all fuel tanks, lube oil tanks, bilges and machinery were opened and pumped out'; 'all other chemical hazards, including mercury, were categorized and sent for proper disposal'; 22 totes of mixed petroleum and water totaling nearly 6,000 gallons were removed and transferred to vacuum trucks at the Cathlamet-area marina.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2011-06
- Population
- Global Diving & Salvage salvage/environmental crew; WA DOE responders (2011)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific hazmat documentation - the only documented environmental/hazard event aboard this hull - but it names petroleum and mercury and does NOT mention asbestos: it neither establishes nor excludes ACM aboard at defueling. Scope was pollution-source removal, not an asbestos survey. Contractor project page is a primary account of its own work; the underlying WA Ecology incident file is an unfollowed lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-06
-
[8]ShipSpotting registry record for SITKIN ISLAND, IMO 7308798 (photo 966406: 'former names KONA (1977-1990), SHISHALDIN (1960-1977), SENTINEL (MHC-39) (1955-1960), SENTINEL (AMCU-39) (1952-1955), LCI(L)-1052 (1944-1952)'; callsign WAP8870; built 1944) + Nauticapedia vessel profile 110896 (ownership chain; 'being broken up after years of neglect at West Birnie Slough, Washington' per contributor George Schneider, 2013) + MarineTraffic AIS record (IMO 7308798, fishing vessel, LOA 46.46 m) + Wikipedia USS Sentinel (AMCU-39) infobox ('current name fishing vessel Sitkin Island') [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipspotting.com/photos/966406 (vessel details block); nauticapedia.ca/vessel.php?id=110896 (owners, rebuilds, references); marinetraffic.com IMO 7308798
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION to NavSource's 'fate unknown': the hull survives. Consistent registry-derived records carry the name chain LCI(L)-1052 (1944-1952) - SENTINEL (AMCU-39) (1952-1955) - SENTINEL (MHC-39) (1955-1960) - SHISHALDIN (1960-1977) - KONA (1977-1990) - SITKIN ISLAND (IMO 7308798). Nauticapedia, drawing on Merchant Vessels of the United States (1965) and USCG PSIX, records owners: U.S. Navy (1944-1960); Wakefield Fisheries, Juneau AK (1963-1968); Shishaldin Fisheries Inc., Juneau AK (1968); August Fishing Inc., Juneau AK (1980-1981); General Marine Maintenance Corp., Seattle (1989); Kona Fisheries, Seattle (1992); Kona General Partnership (Polmar Fisheries), Seattle (1993-2000); Sitkin Island Inc., Seattle (2004). As KONA she was rebuilt as a crabber/trawler/tender with her superstructure aft. Photographed at Westport, WA 30 May 2004; reported being broken up in place at West Birnie Slough (Puget Island/Cathlamet, WA) circa 2013.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1960-2013
- Population
- Commercial fishing crews, Wakefield/Shishaldin/August/Kona/Sitkin Island operations (1960s-2000s); salvage crews 2011-2013
- Limitations
- Verification partial: the identity chain is consistent across independent registry-derived sources and anchored by IMO 7308798, and Nauticapedia cites the official Merchant Vessels of the United States and USCG PSIX as references - but no official NVDC/PSIX record was directly retrievable this session (PSIX is script-gated to automated fetch). 'Partially scrapped at West Birnie Slough c. 2013' rests on a single contributor note; current condition unverified.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI specification block (GM 6051-71 diesel plant, complement 40); NHHC/DANFS service dates; class-level LCI(L) machinery description (Detroit Diesel 6-71 quad banks, auxiliaries, CPP shafts; 'LCI(L)-351 class' label per secondary classification - Wikipedia class article, ShipIndex); Atlas shipyard dataset record for Puget Sound Naval Shipyard [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource LCI spec block; class machinery data; shipyards.json 'puget-sound-naval-shipyard'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel-powered landing craft built February-March 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era (GAO HRD-80-2, ev-10). Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a diesel amphibious craft of this type and period were: engine-exhaust lagging and muffler insulation on the diesel plant; machinery and compartment thermal/acoustic insulation; gaskets and valve packing on fuel, cooling, and hydraulic systems; electrical insulation; deck coverings/tile; and brake linings on winch/windlass machinery. As a diesel craft she carried no boilers or steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1960 (Navy era); 1960-2013 (commercial/derelict era)
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); PSNS conversion trades (1953-54); post-Navy fishing crews and breakers (1960-2013)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or plan was located for this hull. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-08
-
[10]Beckett RR, 'Asbestos exposure control at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard,' Environ Res 11(2):248-260 (Apr 1976), PMID 1065583, DOI 10.1016/0013-9351(76)90083-9; corroborated by Hollins DM, Paustenbach DJ, Clark K, Mangold CA, 'A visual historical review of exposure to asbestos at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (1962-1972),' J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev (Feb 2009), PMID 19235622; and internal shipyard study DTIC AD0715808 (Mangold, Beckett, Bessmer, March 1970) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed PMID 1065583 (Environ Res 1976) and PMID 19235622 (J Toxicol Environ Health B 2009), verified via NCBI eutils 2026-09-29; DTIC AD0715808 citation (apps.dtic.mil - maintenance/403 to automated fetch 2026-09-29, metadata per Atlas yard dataset)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Government and peer-reviewed documentation of asbestos exposure at this hull's conversion yard: the December 1953 - May 1954 minesweeper conversion was performed at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, a yard with documented asbestos exposure in the surrounding era. The internal 1970 shipyard study (DTIC AD0715808, Mangold/Beckett/Bessmer) found pulmonary abnormalities in 21% of surveyed workers (pipe coverers and insulators) and measured 40-150 fibers per cubic centimeter during insulation rip-out; Beckett's peer-reviewed account (Environ Res 1976, PMID 1065583) documents amosite and chrysotile exposure during ship overhaul, rip-out, and installation work - including preformed magnesia block insulation at ~15% asbestos, asbestos cements, and asbestos cloth - with the pre-1972 5 mppcf reference level routinely exceeded and peaks near 10x TLV during insulation cutting; the 2009 visual review (PMID 19235622) covers the yard's asbestos conditions 1962-1972.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1953-54 (conversion); 1962-1972 (study window)
- Population
- PSNS trades - pipe coverers, insulators, boilermakers, shipfitters, machinists, welders (era); conversion-availability workers aboard this hull (1953-54)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation, not a hull record: PSNS's asbestos conditions are documented for the surrounding era (the 2009 review's window is 1962-1972; the conversion of this hull ran December 1953 - May 1954, just before the tabulated window). Does not name this vessel, does not establish that the conversion installed or disturbed asbestos aboard this hull, and establishes no quantity or individual exposure. Two co-authors of the 2009 review have prior consulting relationships with industry defendants (per Atlas yard dataset limitations).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-09
-
[11]GAO, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure', HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979; publicly released Oct 22, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's efforts to protect workers from asbestos exposure at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs: the Navy's 1975 policy was to remove and replace with nonasbestos materials only insulation that was damaged or had to be removed for repairs, modified in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos insulation in high-maintenance areas - establishing that the Navy's asbestos-insulation era covered this hull's construction (1944) and service (1944-46), and that removal policy only reached fleets decades later.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979 (report); era reviewed 1940s-1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; fleet maintenance populations
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation - supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull; the GAO fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk, not Defoe or Puget Sound. Product-page highlights verified live 2026-09-29 via Firecrawl (direct curl returned 403 - bot-blocked, not dead).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-10
-
[12]Batch-4931 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS live entry; NavSource mine-warfare archive; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; NARA catalog (muster rolls NAID 120338840; deck-log coverage index; war-diary and 19th-Fleet file units); Global Diving & Salvage project record; ShipSpotting/Nauticapedia/MarineTraffic registries; Wikipedia (lead only); GAO product page; PubMed; CourtListener (see ledger for status); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat-asbestos disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-1052, LSI(L)-1052, or Sentinel (AMCU-39/MHC-39) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener authenticated searches on the exact identifiers returned zero hits in both the opinion and RECAP docket indexes ('LCI(L)-1052', 'USS Sentinel', 'USS Sentinel' + asbestos, 'Sentinel' + 'AMCU-39', 'Sitkin Island' vessel). The one documented hazmat event aboard this hull (2011 WA DOE defueling, ev-06) names petroleum and mercury, not asbestos. The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced for LCI-type hulls is law-firm marketing list content asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's survival as a derelict means any retained era materials may persist in the scrapped-remainder structure; a proper ACM survey is not public. Deck logs (1944-45 coverage) and muster rolls are unreviewed primary leads. CourtListener session status is logged in search_ledger (fleet pacing). Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1052-lcil1052-11