Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]research packet 829-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-pkt-829-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(M)-1055 ex LCI(G)-1055 (1945) ex LCI(L)-1055 (1944) - construction, designations, campaigns, specifications, disposal (history credited to Turner Publishing, USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151055.htm designation/history line, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 2 March 1944 at Defoe Shipbuilding, Bay City, MI; launched 25 March 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1055, 4 April 1944, Lt. R. R. Dean USNR in command; reclassified LCI(G)-1055, 1 March 1945; reclassified LCI(M)-1055, 30 April 1945. Campaigns: Luzon operations - Lingayen Gulf landing, 9 January 1945 (as LCI(L)); Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation, 26 March-14 June 1945 (as LCI(G) and LCI(M)). Post-war Occupation and China service 18 November 1945 - 15 April 1946. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 13 December 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 30 January 1948; final disposition fate unknown; two battle stars. Spec block: 246 t. light / 264 t. landing / 419 t. loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max; complement by variant; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series 71 diesels (4 per shaft), GM reduction gears, two 30kW 120V DC ship's service generators, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; LCI(M) armament one 40mm + four 20mm + three 4.2-inch chemical mortars on the well deck, No. 2 troop compartment converted to magazine.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); conversion crews (1945)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation drawing on Turner Publishing's USS LCI history and Ships' Data - milestone dates generally track official sources but the page's Okinawa command attribution (Flotilla Fourteen/Group Forty/Division Eighty) is contradicted by the official 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization (see ev-03). Contains no asbestos content. The LCI(M) armament note establishes the No. 2 troop compartment conversion - a hull-modification event, not a materials record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-01
-
[3]Shipbuilding History, Defoe Shipbuilding Co. hull list, Bay City MI (compiled from Merchant Vessels of the United States and Naval Vessel Register data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Defoe hull table, row for yard hull 308 (LCI(L) 1055)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Defoe yard hull 308 = LCI(L) 1055, US Navy landing craft, 236 tons light / 158 ft, delivery-month entry 1-Apr-44, note 'Later LCI(G)/LCI(M) 1055, struck 1946'. Sits inside Defoe's consecutive LCI(L) block yard-hulls 305-351 (LCI(L)-1052 through LCI(L)-1098).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation table; corroborates builder, yard number, and conversion sequence. The 1-Apr-44 column entry conflicts slightly with NavSource's commissioned 4 April 1944 - likely a delivery-month vs commissioning distinction (see gaps). Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-02
-
[4]Naval History and Heritage Command, Navy Department Library, 'United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945' (official wartime organization document, transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- PacFleet org 1 May 1945, LCI FLOTILLA SIX > LCI GROUP 17 > LCI DIVISION 34 (M); compare FLOTILLA FOURTEEN > GROUP 40 > DIVISION 80
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the official Pacific Fleet organization as of 1 May 1945 - inside the Okinawa campaign window (26 Mar-14 Jun 1945) - lists LCI 1055 under LCI FLOTILLA SIX, LCI GROUP 17, LCI DIVISION 34 (M) [mortar division], commanding officer Lt. R. R. Dean (USNR), alongside sisters LCI 975, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059. This contradicts NavSource's attribution of the hull to LCI Flotilla Fourteen / Group Forty / Division Eighty for the Okinawa campaign: in the same document, Division 80's roster is LCI 550, 734, 739, 740, 741, 742 - entirely different hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- LCI Flotilla Six / Group 17 / Division 34 crews (May 1945)
- Limitations
- Corrects a unit-attribution error in the secondary compilation, not a material claim. Point-in-time administrative organization (1 May 1945); operational task attachments during the March-April assault phases could in principle differ from the administrative flotilla, though the action reports and org doc are mutually consistent on the mortar role. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-03
-
[5]NARA, RG 38 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (Office of Naval Records and Library microfilm): LCI(M)-1055 action reports - NAID 140083883 (Okinawa Gunto invasion, 3/28-30/45, roll A2005); NAID 140083923 (Kerama Retto invasion, 3/26-27/45, roll A2005); NAID 83524416 (Okinawa Jima invasion, 4/1/45, roll A1808); NAID 101759199 (Ie Shima invasion, 4/16/45, roll A1770); NAID 77514534 (Ryukyu Islands operations, 4/9/45, roll A1898); NAID 77514650 (Keise Shima invasion, 3/31/45, roll A1898) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog file-unit records, NAIDs 140083883, 140083923, 83524416, 101759199, 77514534, 77514650
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Six ship-specific reports of operations filed under LCI(M)-1055 exist at NARA for the Okinawa Gunto campaign: the invasions of Kerama Retto (26-27 March), Okinawa Gunto (28-30 March), Keise Shima (31 March), Okinawa Jima (1 April), Ryukyu Islands (9 April), and Ie Shima (16 April) 1945. These are the hull's own after-action reports - ship-specific operational records on ONR microfilm.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-03-26 to 1945-04-16
- Population
- LCI(M)-1055 crew (Mar-Apr 1945)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: catalog-level metadata confirms the reports exist and name this hull; report contents were not reviewed and may contain personnel, machinery, or material detail of exposure relevance. Titles style the craft 'LCI(M)-1055' from 28 March 1945 - a month before NavSource's formal LCI(M) reclassification date of 30 April 1945 (consistent with Rielly's in-theater conversion at Mios Woendi; see gaps). No asbestos content in the metadata.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-04
-
[6]NARA holdings for this hull: (a) 'LCI(L) 1055 - Muster Rolls', RG 24 Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, NAID 120222365 (155 images digitized via Ancestry); (b) 'LCI-1055 (LCI(M)-1055)', RG 38 Material Inspection Reports and Related Documentation (Board of Inspection and Survey), NAID 2760246, paper container 7, College Park; (c) 'LCI-1055', RG 19 Microfilm of Ship Engineering Drawings, NAID 175662963, College Park Cartographic; (d) deck-log index - NARA Special List 43 'List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units' (M248 microfilm, NAID 178406296) indexes the deck logs of LCI(L)(M)-1055 covering 4/4/1944-12/31/1945 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog file-unit records, NAIDs 120222365, 2760246, 175662963, 178406296
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An unusually complete archival trail exists for this hull: digitized muster rolls (personnel rosters - crew population evidence); a Board of Inspection and Survey material-inspection file (the Navy's formal material-condition documentation); Bureau of Ships engineering drawings; and deck logs covering commissioning (4 April 1944) through 31 December 1945 per the Special List 43 index. The INSURV material file and deck logs are the most likely repositories of any material/condition detail bearing on era insulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- LCI(L)/LCI(M)-1055 crew (1944-45); INSURV inspectors and yard workers
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: existence and coverage are verified at catalog level; contents unexamined - none of these records has been reviewed for asbestos or material content. Deck-log coverage endpoints are holdings data, not commissioning/decommissioning dates (though the start coincides with the commissioned date). Muster rolls digitized and online; the other series are paper/microfilm at College Park.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-05
-
[7]Robin L. Rielly, American Amphibious Gunboats in World War II: A History of LCI and LCS(L) Ships in the Pacific (McFarland, 2013, ISBN 9780786474226), Appendix II 'Building and Conversion Locations' [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Appendix II, 'Building and Conversion Locations' - Defoe builder block; LCI(M) conversion list under 'Mios Woendi, Schouten Islands' (publisher page cited; appendix text consulted via publicly mirrored copy)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Rielly's appendix of LCI building/conversion locations lists 'Mios Woendi, Schouten Islands' as the conversion site for LCI(M)s 359, 362, 431, 658, 659, 754, 755, 974, 975, 1055 - assigning this hull's mortar conversion to Mios Woendi, the forward U.S. Navy amphibious base in the Schouten Islands (off Biak, then-Dutch New Guinea). The same appendix confirms Defoe Shipbuilding as builder of LCI(L)s 1055-1060, 1068-1070, 1077, 1078, 1088, 1089.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Conversion crews at Mios Woendi (early 1945); LCI(M)-1055 crew
- Limitations
- Published naval-history scholarship (praised by the Naval Historical Foundation), secondary in character but hull-specific: assigns the conversion location, which NavSource does not give. Conversion work at a forward base is a hull-disturbance event; its materials scope (added mortar wells, magazine conversion of No. 2 troop compartment per the NavSource spec) is undocumented as to insulation. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-06
-
[8]HyperWar (ibiblio.org) verbatim transcription, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - Landing Craft' (Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels listing) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, LCI(G) table row LCI(G)-1055; LCI(M) table row LCI(M)-1055-1059
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Ships' Data landing-craft listing corroborates the conversion sequence independently of NavSource: 'LCI(G)-1055 | 1944-45 | Converted to Landing Craft, Infantry (Mortar) - LCI(M)' and the LCI(M) table's block 'LCI(M)-1055-1059 | 1945'.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Limitations
- Verbatim transcription of an official listing - confirms the LCI(G)-1055 and LCI(M)-1055 designations in 1944-45 but gives no dates, locations, or material detail. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-07
-
[9]Library of Virginia, World War II Separation Notices: Navy (crowd-transcribed scan) - separation notice of Landis Baugh [other_primary]
- Locator
- FromThePage transcription, Baugh separation notice, 'service-vessels-and-stations' field
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A named veteran's separation notice lists service aboard this hull under both designations: 'service-vessels-and-stations: ATB SOLOMONS, MD., USCG STA., BAY CITY, MICH., US# LCI(L) 1055, USN BASE HOSP., No. 8, USS LCI(M) 1055' - documenting a crew member whose wartime stations included LCI(L) 1055 and LCI(M) 1055.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Landis Baugh (crew, both designations)
- Limitations
- Archival lead / population documentation only: establishes that at least one serviceman is formally recorded as having served aboard both configurations of this hull. Not an exposure record - makes no health, material, or asbestos claim. Crowdsourced transcription of a state-archive scan; original document held by the Library of Virginia.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-08
-
[10]National Park Service, NRHP Registration Form / continuation sheets, U.S.S. LCI-713 (NRHP 07000300, listed 12 April 2007) - LCI-351 class construction and design description [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP 07000300 nomination, Narrative Description 'LCI-713 As Built' and Statement of Significance sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NPS nomination for the preserved class sister LCI(L)-713 documents LCI-351 class construction: welded 1/4-inch steel plate hull designed for rapid assembly-line production; engine room holding eight General Motors 6-71 diesel engines in two banks of four per shaft; controllable-pitch propellers (the Navy's first use of the concept); an engine exhaust system 'designed with both above and underwater exhaust systems, with the latter used during landings'; two decks with troop compartments, crew compartment, galley, and machinery spaces; approximately 1,051 ships of the type constructed in ten U.S. shipyards between 1942 and fall 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1942-1944 (construction program); 2007 (nomination)
- Population
- Construction trades across ten LCI yards (1942-44); class crews
- Limitations
- Class documentation via a sister hull (built at George Lawley & Son, Neponset MA - different yard than this hull's Defoe build). The document says nothing about asbestos or insulation materials - it establishes the physical design environment (all-welded diesel craft, no steam plant) inside which era-standard insulating materials were used, not their presence on this hull. The 1,051-vessel figure covers all LCI variants; the 923-hull LCI(L) count is the commonly cited figure (see gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-09
-
[11]Era inference built on: NavSource spec block (diesel propulsion, armament/conversion detail); NPS LCI-713 nomination (class construction: welded steel, 8x GM 6-71 diesels, dual exhaust systems); shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) class data; GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-11) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; NPS NRHP 07000300 narrative; shipbuildinghistory LCI(L) class page; GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A landing craft built in March 1944 at a U.S. contract shipyard sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a diesel landing craft of this type and period were thermal insulation and lagging on engine and exhaust runs (the class design routed diesel exhaust through above- and under-water systems inside the hull), gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation, and insulating materials in galley and crew spaces. As a diesel craft she carried no steam plant - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of larger ships does not apply - but the confined-space character of a 158-foot craft concentrates any disturbed-material pathway. Her 1945 LCI(G)/LCI(M) conversions (weapons installation, magazine conversion at a forward base) and any repair availabilities are additional disturbance events.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); conversion crews at Mios Woendi (1945); any disposal/shipbreaking workforce post-1948
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or abatement record located for LCI-1055. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity; no manufacturer attribution. The NPS class documentation does not mention asbestos. Forward-base conversion work (Mios Woendi) is documented as an event, not as a materials record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-10
-
[12]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2, Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's asbestos-exposure protection at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards, covering 'the use of asbestos in Navy ships, the cost of removing asbestos from Navy ships, and compensation programs for asbestos-related disabilities'; it documents a Navy that installed asbestos insulation extensively in ships, adopted a 1975 policy of removing/replacing only damaged insulation or that required for repairs, and modified it in 1979 to selectively replace asbestos in high-maintenance areas - program documentation spanning this hull's entire construction and service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Fieldwork yards were Long Beach and Norfolk - not Defoe. Full 26-page report is linked on the product page; product-page description used for this row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-11
-
[13]Batch-4934 search ledger (this record): NavSource hull page; shipbuildinghistory Defoe/LCI tables; NHHC Pacific Fleet organization 1 May 1945; NHHC DANFS (no entry); NARA action reports, muster rolls, INSURV material file, engineering drawings, Special List 43 deck-log index; Rielly Appendix II; HyperWar Ships' Data; Library of Virginia separation notice; NPS NRHP LCI-713; GAO; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep; MARAD/NDRF disposition lead [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-1055 / LCI(G)-1055 / LCI(M)-1055 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried to completion this session - the fleet-wide pacing budget was spent and every attempt returned the helper's exit-2 stand-down; logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only asbestos material naming LCI-type craft or Defoe Shipbuilding is law-firm marketing content (mesothelioma.net, mesothelioma.com, mesotheliomalawyercenter.org, mesowatch.org) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run). The NARA INSURV material-inspection file (NAID 2760246), deck logs, and engineering drawings are the highest-value unexamined leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1055-lcil1055-12