Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet 829-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-pkt-829-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(M)-1059 ex-USS LCI(G)-1059 (1945) USS LCI(L)-1059 (1944) (10/15/151059) - designation timeline, campaign/award tables, specification block, photo captions, McGreevy collection link (history from Turner Publishing 'USS LCI Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151059.htm header block, campaign/award tables, specification block, photo captions; linked collection page 151059a.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: LCI-351 class; laid down 29 March 1944 at DeFoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City MI; launched 12 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1059 21 April 1944, LTjg. James A. Gage USNR in command (commanding-officer table: Gage 21 April 1944 - ?, header note 'May 1945'). Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Guns) LCI(G)-1059 31 December 1944; reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Mortar) LCI(M)-1059 30 April 1945. Asiatic-Pacific campaigns: Leyte operations (Leyte landings, 20 October 1944); Luzon operations (Lingayen Gulf landing, 9 January 1945); Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 26 March-14 June 1945). At Okinawa under LCI Flotilla Fourteen (CAPT. T. W. Rimer USN), LCI Group Forty (LCDR. H. Brown USNR), LCI Division Seventy-Nine. Three battle stars. Awards: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3); WWII Victory Medal; Philippines Presidential Unit Citation; Philippines Liberation Medal (2). Decommissioned date unknown; struck date unknown; transferred to the Philippine Navy 2 July 1948; fate unknown. Call sign NVQY. Specification block: 246 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded; 158'5.5" x 23'3"; 16 kts max (14 continuous); complements 4+24 (LCI(L)), 5+65 (LCI(G)), 4+49 (LCI(M)); troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; 2" plastic splinter protection on gun turrets, conning tower and pilot house; armament LCI(L) five 20mm, LCI(G) two 40mm + four 20mm + six .50cal + 10 Mk7 rocket launchers, LCI(M) one 40mm + four 20mm + three 4.2" chemical mortars in sandboxed mounts on the well deck firing forward over the bow with No. 2 troop compartment converted to magazine; propulsion two sets of 4 GM 6051-series-71 diesels (4 per shaft), single GM main reduction gears, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp, 2 x 30kW 120V DC diesel-drive generators. Photo captions place the commissioning crew at DeFoe 12 April 1944 (caption date = launch date; see gaps), the hull moored at Winona Dock Bay City and underway on the Saginaw River April 1944; the linked McGreevy collection (151059a) shows crew photos at Mios Woendi Atoll and Dulag/Tolosa, Leyte, December 1944, and 'Beached for availability' (location/date unspecified), plus generic LCI(R) rocket-barrage photos at Okinawa 1 April 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); crew (1944-48; 4+24 as LCI(L), 5+65 as LCI(G), 4+49 as LCI(M)); embarked troops up to 188 in LCI(L) configuration
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its history cites Turner Publishing's 1995 'USS LCI' Vol. II. Contains no asbestos content. Campaign-credit dates are fleet campaign windows, not per-hull daily positions; the contemporaneous attack plan (ev-04) and the SL-44 deck-log holding (ev-03) are the finer-grained records. Two reclassification dates are administrative effective dates; the 26-31 March 1945 attack plan already employs the hull as a mortar ship before the formal 30 April 1945 LCI(M) date (see ev-04 and gaps). The 'commissioning crew/officers, 12 April 1944' photo captions are dated to the launch day, not the 21 April commissioning. Page fetched live 2026-09-29 (navsource.net, HTTP 200).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-01
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory (Tim Colton compilation), Defoe Shipbuilding, Bay City MI - yard build table row 312 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Defoe build table, row 312 (block rows 305-351 = LCI(L) 1052-1098); yard-history header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Defoe yard table records yard hull 312 as LCI(L) 1059, U.S. Navy, landing craft, 236d tons / 158 ft, delivered 1-Apr-44, disposition 'To the Philippines 1948'. The table shows the DeFoe LCI block as yard hulls 305-351 = LCI(L) 1052 through 1098 delivered March-October 1944 (hulls 352-362, LCI(L) 1099-1109, cancelled); sister-block rows corroborate sibling designations (LCI(L) 1055 'Later LCI(G)/LCI(M) 1055, struck 1946'). Yard history: Defoe Boat & Motor Works founded 1905, renamed Defoe Shipbuilding Company at the start of WWII, closed 1976.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (Colton's ShipbuildingHistory), consistent with NavSource on build/disposal. 'Delivered 1-Apr-44' is a month-block delivery approximation that precedes the 12 April launch - the exact NavSource dates are carried and the variance is in gaps. No asbestos, hazmat, or material content. Fetched live 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-02
-
[4]NARA Special List 44 (RG 24 deck-log ship-number index): LCI(L)(M)-1059 entry; corroborated by batch tasking's NARA record note (deck logs LCI(L)(M)-1059, 21 April 1944 - 30 June 1945) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL-44 ship-number index PDF, 'LCI(L)(M)-1059' row (4/21/1944 - 6/30/1945); https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (no LCI-1059 entry)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds deck logs for this hull indexed as 'LCI(L)(M)-1059' covering 4/21/1944 - 6/30/1945 in RG 24 logbook holdings - the commissioning date through the first post-surrender months, spanning the Leyte, Lingayen, and Okinawa campaigns and both conversions. These are the primary day-by-day operational records for the hull. The hull does not appear on NARA's 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' online list - the WWII-era LCI logs are undigitized; textual reference at College Park is the access path. The SL-44 index uses the final designation form (LCI(L)(M)) although the logs begin when she was still LCI(L).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Crew (1944-45)
- Limitations
- Holdings-level finding only: establishes that logs exist and their coverage window, not their content - no page was reviewed this session. Log coverage endpoints are not commissioning/decommissioning claims (though the 4/21/1944 start coincides with the documented commissioning date). Absence from the online list means no digitized scans were located; does not bear on the physical holding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-03
-
[5]'Okinawa Attack Plan, 26 March 1945' - ship-specific operations plan page for LCI(M)-1059 (Annex E to Attack Order Com Phib Group 4 A405-45, reference chart H.O. Misc. II 557-33A), hosted on NavSource [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/pdf/151059b.pdf - typed plan pages for 26-31 March and annotated reference-chart table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A contemporaneous operations plan assigns this hull named mortar-fire tasks across the Kerama Retto and Okinawa opening phase: 26 March - approach with Tractor Group George (convoy Pt. 'Spar' to Pt. 'Wave'), then 'LCII(M) 1059 with 782 and 1055' to firing positions; assault on Geruma and Hokaji Shima with LCI(M)-1055 firing at yellow and blue beaches from M-20 to M-6, targets of opportunity on Hokaji Shima to M+45, up to 600 rounds at 5 rounds/minute, then retire to USS Chilton (APA-38) for casualties/water/fuel/ammo (mortar ammo via LST 771 or 796) and report to team commanders reporting to 'Captain Rimer GTG 51.1.16'; 27 March - assault on Tokashiki Shima, stations and fire schedule with LCI(M)-1055; 28-30 March - UDT Group Baker, Higushi beaches Okinawa: 'LGI(M) 1059 must be on 5380 kcs', mortar fire windows on north/south beaches supporting underwater-demolition swimmer drops and pickups; 31 March - Keise Jima, Support Team Violet (Captain Rimer, LSM(R), Mortar Div. 6, Gunboat Support Div. 1, Mortar Support Div. 8, LCI(M)-805 and -806). The plan already styles the hull 'LCI(M) 1059' a month before the formal 30 April 1945 reclassification - the physical mortar conversion and employment preceded the administrative designation date.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-03
- Population
- Crew (March 1945); embarked UDT personnel (28-30 March); LCI(M)-1055, -782, -805, -806 alongside
- Limitations
- Operational-tasking document, not an after-action record: it documents assigned firing stations and schedules, not that every round was fired. Hosted on NavSource (secondary host); the underlying document is a contemporaneous attack-plan page with OCR/transcription artifacts ('LCII(M)', 'LGI(M)', 'Tokashihi', 'Kiese Jima', 'Hogushi'). No asbestos or material content. The plan's 'Com Flot six' reference vs NavSource's Flotilla Fourteen assignment is noted in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-04
-
[6]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project - Robert Francis Flynn Collection, AFC/2001/001/44075 [other_primary]
- Locator
- LoC item page afc2001001.44075, service-history summary and interview item
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Library of Congress Veterans History Project holds an oral-history interview with a crew member of this hull: service unit 'Landing Craft Infantry (LCI) 1059', service 1943-1951 (WWII and Korean War), highest rank Petty Officer Second Class, Pacific/Asia service. The collection includes a MiniDV oral-history interview collected 26 August 2005 (interviewer Lee Warnaca, 13th Coast Guard District program).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2005 (interview); 1943-1951 (service)
- Population
- PO2 Robert Francis Flynn; crew (1943-1951 service window)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: establishes that a named veteran's firsthand narrative for this hull exists in a federal archive; the interview content was not reviewed this session, so nothing it contains is asserted here. Crew recollection is a personal narrative, not an official record - no asbestos or material claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 specification block (8 GM diesels, 4 per shaft; no steam plant); ShipbuildingHistory Defoe wartime build table (mass-produced 1944 landing craft); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos program documentation (see ev-07); 1944 Defoe yard industrial-health report recited in GAF v. United States (see ev-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specification block; ShipbuildingHistory Defoe table; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; GAF v. United States para. 39-40
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A 1944-built diesel-powered landing craft sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos era and the wartime emergency-shipbuilding program; its builder yard is itself documented under a 1944 Navy industrial-health re-inspection describing amosite asbestos dust conditions (ev-08). Era-standard applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this type: diesel-exhaust lagging and silencer insulation, machinery-space thermal insulation, gaskets and valve/flange packing, electrical cable and switchboard insulation, refrigeration/galley insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. Two in-service conversions - LCI(G) gun armament effective December 1944 and LCI(M) mortar configuration effective April 1945 (physically operational by late March 1945) - would each have disturbed original insulation and installed current-spec materials wherever performed, exposure pathways for conversion-yard trades independent of crew exposure. Diesel propulsion means no boiler or turbine lagging pathway.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); LCI(G) and LCI(M) conversion workforces (Dec 1944 / early 1945, locations undocumented); crew (1944-48); post-1948 Philippine Navy workforce
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, conversion work package, or material list located for this hull; both conversion locations are undocumented in the sources pulled. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution. Asbestos presence aboard is unproven; nothing here establishes individual exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction and U.S. service era (1944-1948) plus both conversion windows.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403 - standing defect since Batch 01, re-confirmed 2026-09-29; product-page description used).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-07
-
[9]GAF Corporation v. United States, 932 F.2d 947 (Fed. Cir. 1991) (No. 90-5079), CourtListener opinion 560599 - affirmance of Claims Court summary judgment (19 Cl. Ct. 490 (1990)) [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion 932 F.2d 947, numbered paragraphs 39-41 (Defoe recitation); paragraphs 1-7 (posture/holding)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- An affirmed appellate opinion recites a 1944 government report on this hull's builder yard: 'A 1944 report described conditions at the Defoe Shipbuilding facility at Bay City, Michigan: Amosite contains a considerable percentage of asbestos and studies have shown that dust from it, if breathed in sufficient quantity for a prolonged period, are capable of causing the disabling occupational disease, asbestosis, which is similar in its effects to silicosis' (para. 39-40), noting such papers 'were classified under the Espionage Act'. The case posture: Ruberoid/GAF - a Navy asbestos-insulation contractor from 1944 (Calsilite) - sued the United States for indemnification of its asbestos liabilities, alleging the Navy withheld wartime knowledge of asbestos hazards; the Claims Court granted summary judgment for the government and the Federal Circuit AFFIRMED, holding the Navy had no contractual duty to warn an asbestos producer of hazards in its product. The recited wartime-knowledge evidence includes the Defoe yard report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944 (report); 1990-91 (litigation)
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding workers (1944 report period); shipyard insulation installers generally
- Limitations
- Yard-level, not hull-level: documents asbestos-relevant conditions at the builder yard in the same quarter-year window this hull was built (report January 1944; hull laid down March 1944) but does not name this hull or any vessel. The 1944 report is recited as evidence of government wartime knowledge inside an indemnity suit the manufacturer LOST - it is not an adjudicated finding of exposure at the yard. The underlying report's full text was not reviewed (see ev-09 for its identified title).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-08
-
[10]Owens-Illinois, Inc.'s Supplemental Answers to Second Interrogatories, Heathman v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp. et al., No. 87-C-1934 (Dist. Ct. Brazoria County, Tex., 23d Jud. Dist., filed 1990) - exhibit list item 9, preserved in the ToxicDocs industry-documents archive [court_record]
- Locator
- ToxicDocs document 4ayjMMY2q6pqomB4eDk5Nq9op, interrogatory answer to Q.9-10 exhibit list, items 9 and 11
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- A filed discovery document identifies the underlying survey at this hull's builder yard by title and date: 'Re-Inspection Report, Safety and Industrial Health, Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, Michigan, at 3 (January 20-21, 1944)' - a Supervisor of Shipbuilding (Navy) industrial-health re-inspection, listed by Owens-Illinois among the wartime shipyard industrial-health surveys it used to argue government knowledge of asbestos hazards in the Dube litigation (D. Me. No. 83-0224). The same exhibit list catalogs companion surveys of other LCI-builder yards: Albina Engine and Machine Works, Portland OR (March 1945); Commercial Iron Works, Portland OR (March 1945); Oregon Shipbuilding; Willamette Iron & Steel; South Portland.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-01 (report); 1990 (filing)
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding workers (January 1944 survey period)
- Limitations
- Citation-of-a-document, not the document: the interrogatory identifies the Defoe re-inspection report's title, date, and cited page (at 3) but does not reproduce its text - the report's actual findings are unverified here (the GAF opinion's amosite-asbestos recitation is consistent with, and likely drawn from, this or a companion report - see ev-08 - but the two are not proven to be the same document). Discovery-stage material inside an unrelated Texas asbestos case; the surveys were marshaled by a defendant to argue government knowledge, not adjudicated findings.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-09
-
[11]Johns-Manville Corp. v. United States, 13 Cl. Ct. 72 (U.S. Claims Court 1987) (No. 465-83C), CourtListener cluster 6929605 [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener search index hit for 'Defoe Shipbuilding' (type=o); opinion text unavailable via API
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- An asbestos-manufacturer indemnity opinion in the same wartime-knowledge litigation family as ev-08 matches 'Defoe Shipbuilding' in the CourtListener opinion index: Johns-Manville, the Navy's principal asbestos-products supplier, sued the United States for contribution/indemnity over asbestos liabilities - the Claims Court litigation in which wartime shipyard industrial-health surveys (including the Defoe report family) were marshaled as evidence of government knowledge.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1987 (opinion)
- Population
- Shipyard and insulation workers generally (wartime era)
- Limitations
- Index-level hit only: the opinion's full text is not available through the CourtListener API (opinion 6825985, lead, empty text), so the context in which 'Defoe Shipbuilding' appears is unverified - most plausibly the same wartime-survey evidence list as ev-08/ev-09, but not confirmed. Yard-level at best; does not name this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-10
-
[12]CourtListener RECAP/docket index (type=r) search 'Defoe Shipbuilding' - five docket hits, three asbestos personal-injury dockets in W.D. Washington [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener type=r search 'Defoe Shipbuilding' (5 results; 3 asbestos PI dockets W.D. Wash., 2 ERISA collisions)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Three federal asbestos personal-injury dockets contain the builder yard's name in docketed material: Holck v. Carrier Corporation, 3:13-cv-05905 (W.D. Wash., filed 2013-10-11, terminated 2014-12-16, P.I.: Asbestos); Yoder v. CBS Corporation, 2:14-cv-00006 (W.D. Wash., filed 2014-01-02, terminated 2014-09-25, P.I.: Asbestos, removal); McCrossin v. A.W. Chesterton Company, 3:14-cv-05382 (W.D. Wash., filed 2014-05-07, terminated 2015-07-17, P.I.: Asbestos, removal). Two further hits are name collisions in ERISA dockets (SEIU v. Monsour Medical Center; Donaldson v. Pharmacia Pension Plan).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2013-2015
- Population
- Plaintiffs and alleged exposed workers (per dockets, unverified)
- Limitations
- Pleading-stage at most, context unverified: the yard name appears somewhere in the docketed material - most plausibly plaintiff exposure-site/worksite lists - but the specific filings were not pulled (CourtListener pacing stand-down this session). A complaint's worksite list is an allegation, not a finding of exposure at the yard or aboard any vessel; none of these dockets names this hull. Do not classify upward.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-11
-
[13]Batch-4938 search ledger (this record): NavSource 151059 + McGreevy collection 151059a + attack plan 151059b; ShipbuildingHistory Defoe table; NARA SL-44 + online deck-log list; NHHC DANFS URL checks; NavalCoverMuseum (4 variants); usslci.org/Elsie Item; LoC Veterans History Project; ToxicDocs; CourtListener API v4 (opinion + RECAP/docket, hull queries zero; yard queries hit); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-01 through -19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, conversion work package, hazmat disclosure, or litigation naming LCI(L)-1059 / LCI(G)-1059 / LCI(M)-1059 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener was queried successfully this session - zero hits for hull-designation queries in the opinion index AND the RECAP/docket index across two query sets ('LCI(L)-1059' OR 'LCI(M)-1059' OR 'LCI(G)-1059' OR 'LCI-1059'; 'LCI 1059' OR 'LCI(M) 1059' OR 'LCI(L) 1059' OR 'LCIM-1059') - a genuine negative result, not a blocked search. What does exist is yard-level: a 1944 government industrial-health report describing amosite asbestos dust conditions at Defoe Shipbuilding recited in GAF v. United States (ev-08), its title identified in discovery material (ev-09), plus pleading-stage docket mentions (ev-11) - none names this hull. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos aboard' material is law-firm marketing content (Defoe-yard listicles on mesothelioma.net, mesothelioma.com, mesotheliomalawyercenter.org, mesowatch.org, asbestos-ships.com, leewdavis.com, mesolawsuitafterdeath.com) asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built and twice converted inside the documented Navy asbestos era at a yard whose own 1944 industrial-health report described asbestos dust conditions. Deck logs (SL-44 holding, undigitized), the underlying Defoe re-inspection report, and any conversion work packages are undigitized/unreviewed leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1059-lcil1059-12