Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 829-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-pkt-829-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(L)-1061 page (verified live 2026-09-30; note canonical domain is navsource.net, not the dead navsource.org) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI(L)-1061 page, history block, awards block, specifications block, image captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI-351 class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 8 April 1944 at Defoe Ship Building Co., Bay City, MI; launched 22 April 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1061, 4 May 1944, LT F. N. Goforth USNR in command. Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater - LCI Flotilla Five (CDR M. V. Milton), LCI Group Fifteen (LCDR E. S. Dulcan), LCI Division Thirty. Postwar Occupation and China service 8 September 1945 to 16 December 1945. Awards block lists China Service Medal (extended), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Service Medal (Asia clasp); no battle stars listed. Decommissioned and stricken 'date unknown'; sold for conversion to towboat, renamed Bannock, Official Number 263080; reported in commercial service on the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Photographed underway probably vicinity of Yap or Satawal, Caroline Islands, circa 1945; pierside as tugboat Bannock circa 1970. Specification block: 246 t light / 419 t loaded; 158 ft 5.5 in x 23 ft 3 in; five single 20 mm mounts; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers, 182 enlisted; two sets of four General Motors 6051-series-71 diesels, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; 2-inch plastic splinter protection. Page states: 'There is no DANFS History currently available for USS LCI(L)-1061.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (service); post-service disposition
- Population
- Ship's crew (~4 officers/24 enlisted) plus embarked troops (~182)
- Limitations
- Compiled archival photo index drawing on official records, not itself a primary document; decommissioning, striking, and sale dates recorded as unknown; photograph location ('probably Yap or Satawal') is a caption estimate. Contains no asbestos information whatsoever.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-01
-
[3]Division of Naval Intelligence, Navy Department, ONI-226, Allied Landing Craft and Ships (1944), HyperWar/ibiblio scan with text layer (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ONI-226 U.S. and British landing craft table, 'LCI(L)-(351-) Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)' row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- U.S. Navy recognition manual's LCI(L) design tables: the LCI(L)-(351-) series entry lists 158 ft 5.5 in length, 23 ft 3 in beam, five 20 mm guns, 8,000-mile endurance at 12 knots, and 2-in plastic splinter protection on gun positions, conning tower, and pilot house - the design group to which hull 1061 (Defoe-built, commissioned May 1944) belongs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- LCI(L) crews and embarked troops (class context)
- Limitations
- Wartime identification manual at class level - does not name hull 1061 and contains no materials or insulation content; ONI table figures (9 officers/196 enlisted troops, 250 t landing/387 t loaded, 32 t cargo) differ from NavSource's per-hull spec block and are quoted here as the manual states them.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-02
-
[4]Consolidated era inference anchored on ONI-226 class data + NavSource per-hull specification block + era amphibious-vessel construction practice [other_primary]
- Locator
- Consolidated - ONI-226 design table; NavSource propulsion block; era amphibious construction practice
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for this diesel-powered landing craft: the LCI(L)-351 class had no boilers or steam plant (eight GM 6051-series-71 diesels in two banks), which removes the boiler/steam-lagging pathway entirely. The asbestos-relevant residual applications for the type are engine-exhaust lagging and gaskets, machinery packing, thermal/acoustic insulation board in accommodation spaces, deck coverings, and winch/windlass brake linings - the standard 1944-era set for small diesel amphibious craft. The class's 2-in 'plastic splinter protection' armor is not documented as asbestos-containing in any located source.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Construction trades (Defoe, Bay City, 1944); ship's engine crew
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull material schedule, specification, or survey located. Establishes no quantities, no product brands, and no exposure for any individual; nothing here is ship-proven.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-03
-
[5]National Archives: Navy deck logs, LCI(L)-1061 file-unit coverage 4 May 1944 - 30 June 1945 (batch-manifest NARA catalog data); NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Navy Deck Logs list page; catalog series 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations' (series NAID 594258)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA records Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-1061 covering 5/4/1944-6/30/1945 - a span beginning on her commissioning date. The hull does not appear on NARA's list of deck logs digitized and published in the National Archives Catalog (verified against the page); access is via textual reference at Archives II, College Park, MD.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked troops, 1944-05-04 to 1945-06-30
- Limitations
- The coverage interval is catalog-level metadata; the specific NARA file-unit NAID was not resolved this session (catalog search is JS-gated, no public API key). The logs' contents - including any maintenance entries bearing on insulation - were not examined. Deck-log coverage endpoints are not claimed as commissioning/decommissioning dates.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-04
-
[6]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII entry, USS LCI(L)-1061 (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LCI(L)-1061 ship page, 'Notable events' section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Four documented submarine-escort events out of Saipan in early 1945: escorted USS Charr (SS-328) out on 13 January 1945 (Lt. F. N. 'Geforth', USNR per entry - see gaps on name spelling); escorted USS Aspro (SS-309) in on 2 February and out on 3 February 1945; escorted USS Bowfin (SS-287) out on 8 February 1945. Entry confirms identical build data (Defoe, laid down 8 Apr 1944, launched 22 Apr 1944, commissioned 4 May 1944).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- January-February 1945
- Population
- Ship's crew
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation, not an official record; the escort events are consistent with a Marianas station inside the NARA deck-log coverage window. CO surname rendered 'Geforth' vs NavSource 'Goforth' - unresolved variant.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-05
-
[7]Historic American Engineering Record HAER No. AK-52, M/V Husky II (ex-USS LCI(L)-653/USS Avocet) - Written Historical and Descriptive Data, National Park Service via Library of Congress (verified live 2026-09-30) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 written historical data, LCI post-service reuse discussion
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Federal HAER documentation of LCI post-service reuse names this hull directly: 'LCI(R) 74 and LCI(L) 1061 became (for separate owners) the towboats Beulah H. Russell and Bannock on the Columbia River.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- post-1946; report ca. 2011
- Population
- Post-service commercial towboat crews
- Limitations
- Incidental mention inside another hull's HAER report - corroborates the post-Navy identity and Columbia River towboat service but supplies no dates and no materials/asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-06
-
[8]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), Defoe Shipbuilding yard list, Bay City MI (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Defoe yard table, hull 314 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Defoe yard table row: yard hull no. 314, LCI(L)-1061, US Navy landing craft, 236 tons displacement / 158 ft, delivered 1 May 1944, 'Struck 1946, later Bannock' - supplying the only stricken-year figure located.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Secondary reference work, not a Navy register extract; gives strike year only (no month/day) and 'Struck 1946' is not verified against the Naval Register. Delivery date (1 May) differs from NavSource commissioning (4 May) - the table's date column tracks yard delivery/completion, consistent with a 3-day gap to commissioning.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product page (verified live 2026-09-30) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page Highlights section
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO reviewed the Navy's asbestos-protection program at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards: the 1975 standing policy removed and replaced asbestos insulation only when damaged or when removal was required for repairs; modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas. Establishes the Navy's documented asbestos-management regime of the shipyard-repair era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1975-1979
- Population
- n/a
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not class- or hull-specific; fieldwork covered two named naval shipyards only. Both the 1975 and 1979 policies post-date this craft's 1946 striking by decades - included strictly as Navy-wide program context.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-08
-
[10]Batch-4940 search ledger (this record): NavSource, NHHC/DANFS, NARA deck-logs page and catalog, uboat.net, Shipbuilding History, HAER AK-52, ONI-226, GAO, shipyards.json, CourtListener API v4 opinion sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-01 through -16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no material survey, abatement contract, hull-specification material schedule, museum/hazmat disclosure for the towboat conversion, and no qualifying litigation naming LCI(L)-1061 in the sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion sweeps on 'LCI(L)-1061', 'LCI-1061', 'LCI 1061', and 'LCI(L) 1061' returned zero hits.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 2026-09-30
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a working 1944-built towboat conversion almost certainly involved stripping or retaining original insulation, and the conversion's hazmat documentation is an untapped lead. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-09
-
[11]National Museum of the Great Lakes, 'Fighting Ships from Bay City' (Bert C. Brennan, Inland Seas, July 1945) + Defoe yard history site, F. A. Swanson (Defoe VP) address to SNAME, Bay City, 21 May 1964 - both verified live 2026-09-30 [museum_official]
- Locator
- NMGL Brennan article text; defoenet.com/shipbuild/swanson-history
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Builder context for this hull's yard: Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI, built 'forty-seven landing craft infantry (large) (LCI-L)' (Brennan) / '47 LCI(L) landing craft, diesel equipped' (Swanson), using its signature upside-down-and-rollover welded-hull method; completed LCIs were taken by Navy crews via the Great Lakes to Chicago, then down the Illinois and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans for final refit and commissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction workforce, Bay City, 1944
- Limitations
- Yard-level context, not hull-specific - neither source names LCI(L)-1061. Establishes builder and production environment only; contains no asbestos or materials information. Swanson is a company-insider account (1964); Brennan is a wartime magazine piece republished by the museum.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-10
-
[12]NavSource Online, USS Bannock (AT-81/ATF-81) page (verified live 2026-09-30) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource ATF-81 page, identity block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Name-collision guard: USS Bannock (AT-81, reclassified ATF-81 in May 1944) was a Cherokee-class fleet tug built by Charleston Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. and commissioned 28 June 1943 - a different hull from the commercial towboat Bannock (ON 263080) that is the converted ex-LCI(L)-1061. Records for 'Bannock' must not be conflated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-30
- Study period
- 1943-1955 (ATF-81 service life)
- Limitations
- Disambiguation only - establishes that two distinct 'Bannock' vessels exist; the towboat conversion record for ex-LCI(L)-1061 itself remains undocumented in detail.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1061-lcil1061-11