Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet 828-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-pkt-828-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(R)-1070 ex USS LCI(L)-1070 (1944-1945) - construction, designation timeline, unit assignments, Okinawa campaign, disposal; page cites USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry' Vol. II, Turner Publishing (1995) as history source [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151070.htm header block, campaign table, TG 52.20.5 chart caption, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: laid down 21 May 1944 at Defoe Ship Building Co., Bay City, MI; launched 5 June 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1070 on 10 June 1944 (LT E. J. Lucas, USNR, in command as of May 1945); reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Rocket) LCI(R)-1070 on 15 March 1945. Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Sixteen (CDR Clarence E. Coffin USN), LCI Group Forty-Six (LCDR A. F. Eckelmeyer USNR), LCI Division Ninety-One. Campaign: Okinawa Gunto operation - assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto, 26 March to 30 June 1945; the page's Task Group 52.20 L-Day chart places LCI(R)-1070 in TG 52.20.5 on the North Flank with LCI(R)-785, -1024, -1026, -1068, -1069. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register in 1946; earned one battle star for WWII service; transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 27 February 1947; final disposition unknown. Photographs document LCI(R)-1070 underway off Okinawa 1945 (a National Archives image) and moored in a nest at Okinawa (probably April 1945) with LCI(R)-643 and LCI(R)-1068. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), WWII Victory Medal.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); crew (~24 as LCI(L), ~34 as LCI(R) per class spec); embarked troops when in LCI(L) configuration
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation - its milestone dates generally track official records and its history credit is the Turner Publishing LCI volume; no DANFS/NHHC entry exists for this hull to cross-verify (landing craft were not individually covered in DANFS). The '(May 1945)' CO note indicates Lucas's command was documented as of that date, not necessarily at commissioning.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-01
-
[3]HyperWar transcription of 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' (official Navy Department listing), Landing Ships and Craft sections [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html, LCI(L) table (LCI(L)-1070 row) and LCI(R) table (LCI(R)-1068-1070 range row)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Navy listing transcribed by HyperWar carries this hull in two sections: 'LCI(L)-1070' under Landing Craft, Infantry (Large), commissioned in the 1942-44 group; and 'LCI(R)-1068-1070' under Landing Craft, Infantry (Rocket), 1945 - corroborating the hull's existence, WWII commissioning window, and the 1945 reclassification to rocket conversion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Limitations
- Listing-level corroboration only - the table gives commissioning-era groupings, not construction details, service narrative, or material content. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-02
-
[4]NARA, 'Special Lists 43 - 44' (NAID 178406296, RG 64, Publications of the National Archives) - the finding aid inventorying Navy deck-log holdings; scanned publication, 836 page-images, catalog search resolves the hull designation string to this volume [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 178406296 (catalog.archives.gov/id/178406296); within-series search of NAID 594258 for hull file units returned none
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's deck-log finding aid (Special List 44) records Navy deck logs for this hull under the combined designation 'LCI(L)(R)-1070' with coverage 1944-06-10 through 1945-06-30 - an archival inventory establishing that log volumes exist for the commissioned interval. Log coverage endpoints are not claimed as commissioning/decommissioning dates. The logs are not individually digitized: within-series searches of NAID 594258 ('Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1992') under all title variants (LCI(L)(R)-1070, LCI(R)-1070, LCI(L) 1070, LCIL-1070) return no file unit for this hull; the only catalog phrase hit is the Special List itself.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (log coverage)
- Population
- Crew of record (1944-06-10 to 1945-06-30 coverage)
- Limitations
- Inventory-level documentation: establishes that NARA holds deck logs and their date coverage, not their contents. Catalog entry is a JS-rendered record (verified via browser session); the exact line-item text sits on a scanned page (~image 630 of 836) that was located by catalog OCR search but not independently read line-for-line. Logs are retrievable on request per NARA reproduction policy.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-03
-
[5]NARA catalog file units: 'LCI(L) 1070 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120221066) and 'LCI(R) 1070 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120221147), National Archives at College Park; digitized as page images via NARA-Ancestry partnership [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/120221066 (80 objects) and catalog.archives.gov/id/120221147 (62 objects)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized personnel muster rolls exist for this hull in two sequential sets matching the designation change: 'LCI(L) 1070 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120221066, 80 page-images; roll dates 1944-06-10 through 1945-04-01) and 'LCI(R) 1070 - Muster Rolls' (NAID 120221147, 62 page-images; roll dates 1945-04-30 through 1946-05-09). The split in sets corresponds to the 15 March 1945 reclassification, and the LCI(R) set shows the hull still mustering a crew into May 1946 - postwar service beyond the deck-log coverage.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- All hands aboard by roll date, 1944-06 through 1946-05
- Limitations
- Archival lead: image-level metadata (roll dates) verified via catalog API; individual page contents (crew names, ratings, transfers) were not transcribed this session. Muster rolls name personnel, not materials - no asbestos content; the records would support individual service-verification claims, not exposure claims.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-04
-
[6]NARA catalog: 'COM LCI(R) FLOT 16 - Rep of opers in the invasion and occupation of the Okinawa Gunto, Ryukyu Islands, 3/26/45-6/21/45' (NAID 101759418, digitized microfilm, 40 objects); plus Flotilla 16 / LCI(R) Group 46 war diaries (e.g., NAID 101778103, 'COM LCI(R) GR 46 - War Diary, 6/1-30/45'; NAID 140008192, 'COM LCI(L) FLOT 16 - War Diary, 4/1-30/45'; NAID 77574336, Group 46 diary 10/1-31/45; NAID 633455950, Group 46 diary 12/1/45-1/10/46) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 101759418 (40 objects); NAID 101778103 (4 objects); NAID 140008192 (14 objects); additional Flotilla 16/Group 46 war-diary file units in catalog
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Digitized contemporaneous Navy records exist for this hull's parent units during her service window: LCI(R) Flotilla 16's after-action report covering the invasion and occupation of Okinawa Gunto (26 March - 21 June 1945) and LCI(R) Group 46 monthly war diaries (June 1945, October 1945, December 1945-January 1946), alongside Flotilla 16 war diaries for March-June 1945. NavSource assigns the hull to Flotilla 16 / Group 46 / Division 91 for the Okinawa operation, so these unit records are the primary-source record of the operations she sailed in.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-1946
- Population
- Flotilla 16 / Group 46 crews, March 1945 - January 1946
- Limitations
- Unit-level records: catalog titles name the flotilla/group, not this hull; contents were not transcribed this session. The hull's presence is established by unit assignment, not by name-in-document - individual daily operations of LCI(R)-1070 within these reports are unverified page-level detail. documentation_level is held at class_or_era because the records name the unit rather than the hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-05
-
[7]ShipbuildingHistory.com, Defoe Shipbuilding (Bay City, MI) yard list - builder hull list and delivery dates [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/defoe.htm, hull table rows 321-330
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Defoe yard list records builder hull number 323 as 'LCI(L) 1070' for the U.S. Navy, landing craft type, 236d GT / 158 ft, delivered June 1944 ('1-Jun-44'), disposition 'Later LCI(R) 1070, struck 1946' - independent corroboration of builder, hull number, delivery month, rocket conversion, and striking year.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Defoe yard workforce (1944)
- Limitations
- Compiled shipyard reference, not a primary contract document; corroborates NavSource on builder and timeline. Its 'Delivered 1-Jun-44' field predates NavSource's launched date (5 Jun) - likely a month-resolution delivery entry; commissioning (10 Jun) per NavSource is carried. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 class spec block (two sets of 4 General Motors 6051-series 71 diesels, twin variable-pitch propellers, 2,320 shp; 30 kW diesel-drive generators); HyperWar official listing (1944 construction era); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-08) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HyperWar listing; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A steel-hulled diesel-powered landing craft built May-June 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era (GAO: asbestos insulation used aboard Navy ships until substitution began in the early 1970s). There is no steam plant aboard - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply. Era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a small diesel combatant of this type and period were machinery and diesel-exhaust lagging, gaskets and valve packing in the machinery spaces, electrical insulation, friction products (winch and windlass brake linings), and incidental thermal/acoustic insulation - modest in scope relative to steam combatants.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46); conversion trades at the 1945 LCI(R) refit; disposal handlers (1947)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or construction record located for LCI(L)-1070. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; the sparse fit of a 158-ft landing craft means fewer plausible applications than aboard steam-driven combatants. No quantity; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-07
-
[9]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944) and service era (1944-1947).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-09-29) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-08
-
[10]Appleman, Burns, Gugeler, Stevens, Okinawa: The Last Battle (U.S. Army Center of Military History official history), Ch. III 'Winning the Okinawa Beachhead' (archived Wayback copy; live history.army.mil returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch on 2026-09-29) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chapter III, 'The Landing' section (bombardment statistics and gunboat narrative); Wayback capture 20241220161620
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official U.S. Army history of the Okinawa landing (1 April 1945) describes the fires delivered by the gunboat line: the fire-support force fired 44,825 rounds of 5-inch-or-larger shells, 33,000 rockets, and 22,500 mortar shells before H-Hour, and 'gunboats led the way in, firing rockets, mortars, and 40-mm guns into prearranged target squares.' LCI(R)-1070 was one of 36 rocket craft in Flotilla 16's Task Group 52.20 delivering that rocket fire on L-Day (NavSource TG chart; North Flank, TG 52.20.5).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-04-01
- Population
- TG 52.20 LCI(R) crews, L-Day 1 April 1945
- Limitations
- Operational context, not a hull-level finding: the Army history describes the gunboat tactic and aggregate fires, not this vessel's individual rockets or targets. Cited via Wayback capture (2024-12-20); live page blocked automated fetch (HTTP 403). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-09
-
[11]Robin L. Rielly, 'American Amphibious Gunboats in World War II: A History of LCI and LCS(L) Ships in the Pacific' (McFarland, 2013), 'Building and Conversion Locations' appendix excerpt [other_primary]
- Locator
- erenow.org excerpt, 'Building and Conversion Locations' appendix, Pearl Harbor entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A published secondary-source conversion-location appendix lists hulls 1068-1070 among conversions performed at Pearl Harbor - under the LCI(M) (mortar) heading - while NavSource, HyperWar's official listing, and NARA's muster-roll/deck-log titles all carry this hull as LCI(R) (rocket). This is a secondary-source designation-path conflict: the hull may have received a mortar conversion subsequently redesignated rocket, or the appendix's category grouping may differ from the designations carried in Navy records.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Conflict-disclosure row: the excerpted appendix is secondary literature (published monograph) hosting an unverified categorization; it is not reconciled here. NavSource/NARA/HyperWar agreement on LCI(R) is carried. The conversion yard itself (Pearl Harbor vs. elsewhere) is undocumented in the sources consulted - see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-10
-
[12]Batch-4949 search ledger (this record): NavSource; HyperWar official Navy listing; NARA catalog (Special List 44 finding aid, muster rolls, Flotilla 16 / Group 46 war diaries, deck-log within-series search); shipbuildinghistory Defoe yard list; NHHC/DANFS check; NVR check; CourtListener (partial - paced); secondary web litigation sweep; usslci.org (unreachable); GAO product page [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LCI(L)-1070 / LCI(R)-1070 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener status: three opinion-index queries ran - 'LCI(L)-1070' (686 hits), 'LCI(R)-1070' (717 hits), and 'LCI-1070' (23 hits) - and every reviewed hit was a name collision for 'LCI' corporate/correctional parties (LCI International Telecommunications, LCI Holdings, Lebanon Correctional Institution contexts); none named the vessel. The RECAP docket index was blocked by fleet-wide pacing mid-session and remains unsearched - logged in the ledger as blocked where applicable, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no hull-specific marketing page.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 steel naval craft would carry era-standard asbestos applications. The CourtListener RECAP docket index is a genuine open gap (fleet pacing, not run); opinion-index hits reviewed were all collisions, so the opinion-level result is 'no qualifying case' but the docket level is 'not searched'. NARA deck logs and the Okinawa unit records are unread leads for operations detail. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1070-lcil1070-11