Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 827-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-pkt-827-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LCI(R)-1077 ex USS LCI(L)-1077 (page 10/15/151077) - construction, commissioning, LCI(R) reclassification, flotilla assignment, campaigns, awards, disposal, class spec block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/15/151077.htm: history block, campaigns/awards table, specifications block, photo captions (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-09-29)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: LCI-351 Class Landing Craft Infantry (Large); laid down 27 June 1944 at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; launched 11 July 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1077, 15 July 1944, LTjg. George N. Armstrong, USNR in command. Reclassified Landing Craft Infantry (Rocket), LCI(R)-1077, 15 March 1945. Asiatic-Pacific Theater assignment listed as LCI Flotilla Sixteen (CDR C.E. Coffin USN), LCI Group Forty-Eight (LCDR F. Thompson Jr.), LCI Division Ninety-Five. Campaigns: Iwo Jima operation (assault and occupation, 19-26 February 1945); Okinawa Gunto operation (assault and occupation, 26 March-30 June 1945). Postwar occupation service in the Far East 1 September-12 November 1945. Decommissioned, date unknown; struck from the Naval Register 20 March 1946; sold 4 December 1946, fate unknown. Awards: Combat Action Ribbon (retroactive, Iwo Jima), American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (2), World War II Victory Medal, Navy Occupation Medal (Asia clasp); one battle star earned as LCI(L)-1077 and one as LCI(R)-1077. Photo captions document rocket firing at Iwo Jima 19 February 1945 (before the formal LCI(R) reclassification), a 1944 war-bond-drive poster featuring the craft, and the Okinawa L-Day Task Group 52.20.1 South Flank assignment (LCI(R)-642, -650, -707, -771, -772, -1077). Spec block: 216 t. light / 234 t. landing / 389 t. loaded; 158' 5-1/2" x 23' 3"; 16 kts max; complement 3 officers + 21 enlisted (LCI(L)) / 3 officers + 31 enlisted (LCI(R)); troop capacity 6 officers + 182 enlisted; LCI(R) armament one 40mm bow gun, four 20mm, two .50 cal MG, six 5" rocket launchers; two sets of 4 GM 6051-series 71 diesels, 4 per shaft, 2,320 shp. Page history sourced to 'USS LCI "Landing Craft Infantry" Vol. II' (Turner Publishing, 1995).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades (June-July 1944); crew 3 officers + 21/31 enlisted; embarked troops (up to 6 officers + 182 enlisted)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry; its history text is sourced to the Turner Publishing LCI volume. Decommissioning date is explicitly 'unknown'. Flotilla assignment (Flot 16/Grp 48/Div 95) is presented without date qualification and conflicts with NHHC's 1 May 1945 Pacific Fleet organization (Flot 21/Grp 63/Div 126) - likely different-period assignments around the mid-1945 LCI(R) flotilla reorganization, carried in gaps. Photo-caption rocket firing at Iwo Jima precedes the 15 March 1945 reclassification - consistent with launcher fittings before formal redesignation, stated as the caption records it. Contains no asbestos or material content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-01
-
[3]NHHC, United States Pacific Fleet Organization, 1 May 1945 - LCI Flotilla Twenty-One / LCI Group 63 / LCI Division 126 (RCM) (R) listing including LCI 1077 with commanding officer [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC PacFleet org 1 May 1945, LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-ONE > LCI GROUP 63 > LCI DIVISION 126 (RCM) (R)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official NHHC transcription of the U.S. Pacific Fleet organization as of 1 May 1945 lists this hull under LCI FLOTILLA TWENTY-ONE (Capt. E. C. Rook (D) / Comdr. L. M. Bailliere (R)), LCI GROUP 63 (ComLCIGrp 63, Lt. Cdr. F. Thompson, Jr., USNR), LCI DIVISION 126 (RCM) (R), as 'LCI 1077 - Lt. (jg) G. N. Armstrong (USNR)' alongside LCI 707, LCI 708, LCI 1029, LCI 1030, and LCI 1078. Confirms her wartime operating organization on that date - in the rocket-craft division (RCM)(R) marking - and corroborates the commanding officer named by NavSource.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-05-01
- Population
- Ship's company under Lt. (jg) G. N. Armstrong, USNR (May 1945)
- Limitations
- Point-in-time organizational table (1 May 1945): establishes fleet organization on that date, not the ship's activities. Conflicts with NavSource's Flot 16/Grp 48/Div 95 listing - NavSource's group-commander name (LCDR F. Thompson Jr.) matches NHHC's Group 63 commander, suggesting NavSource's line reflects a different period or transcription error; RG 38 war diaries confirm a COM LCI(R) FLOT 16 and COM LCI(R) GR 48 existed by June 1945, consistent with mid-1945 rocket-flotilla reorganization. Carried in gaps rather than resolved. Page renders live in a browser (verified via Firecrawl render); returns HTTP 404 to non-browser fetchers - NHHC bot-block, not link rot. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-02
-
[4]NHHC photo catalog NH 104198, 'Iwo Jima Operation, 1945' - Official U.S. Marine Corps Photograph identifying LCI(L)-1077 on Iwo Jima's eastern beaches, 25 February 1945 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NHHC NH 104198 photo catalog entry (verified via Firecrawl render, 2026-09-29)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official NHHC photographic record: 'Landing ships and craft unloading on Iwo Jima's eastern beaches, 25 February 1945. Photographed from Mount Suribachi by SSgt. Mark Haufman... Identifiable ships include (from bottom to top): LST-715, LST-790, LST-724, LSM-242, LCT-892 (probably), LCT-1028, LST-224, LST-784, LSM-43, LCI(L)-1077, LSM-140, LSM-47, LST-779 and LSM-202.' Official U.S. Marine Corps Photograph from NHHC collections - officially places this hull, still under the LCI(L) designation, in the Iwo Jima assault force on 25 February 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-02-25
- Population
- Crew present during Iwo Jima operation (February 1945)
- Limitations
- Establishes presence at the Iwo Jima beachhead on 25 February 1945 - no exposure, material, or duty-detail content. Caption uses the LCI(L) designation, consistent with the 15 March 1945 LCI(R) reclassification. Page renders live in a browser (verified via Firecrawl render); returns HTTP 404 to non-browser fetchers - NHHC bot-block, not link rot.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-03
-
[5]NARA Special List #44, List of Logbooks of US Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (by ship number) - deck-log holdings row for LCI(L)(R)-1077 [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, Special List #44 'by Ship Numbers' sequence: 'LCI(L)(R)-1077 7/15/1944 6/30/1945' (PDF verified live, HTTP 200)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Special List #44 inventory records Navy deck logs for this hull, listed under the combined designation 'LCI(L)(R)-1077', covering 7/15/1944 - 6/30/1945. The coverage start coincides with her commissioning date (15 July 1944 per NavSource and uboat.net), independently corroborating that milestone. The logs are physical holdings (WWII-era deck logs, College Park); they are not part of the digitized Vietnam-era deck-log series in the National Archives Catalog.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-07-15 to 1945-06-30 (holdings interval)
- Population
- Crew of record during the logged interval (1944-1945)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the inventory establishes that deck logs for this hull exist for the stated interval; it does not establish their contents, and log coverage endpoints are not claimed as commissioning/decommissioning dates (the 7/15/1944 start merely coincides with the independently documented commissioning). Whether logs after 6/30/1945 exist elsewhere is unresolved - the list's WWII-era holdings end there for many units. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-04
-
[6]NARA Catalog file units naming LCI(R)-1077 (RG 38, 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories'): 'Rep of opers in the invasion and occupation of the Okinawa Gunto, Ryukyu Islands, 4/1/45 - 5/17/45' (NAID 77472981, Fold3 image 300723967); 'Rep of opers in the occupation of the Okinawa Gunto, Ryukyu Islands, 5/18/45 - 6/21/45' (NAID 77472990, Fold3 image 300723975); 'Report of A A action off Okinawa Jima, Ryukyu Islands, 5/25/45' (NAID 140048294, Fold3 image 296141527) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAIDs 77472981, 77472990, 140048294 - Fold3 images 300723967, 300723975, 296141527
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA holds three digitized-through-partner file units in RG 38 ('World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories') that are this hull's own wartime operations reports: (1) report of operations in the invasion and occupation of the Okinawa Gunto, 1 April-17 May 1945 (8 scans); (2) report of operations in the occupation of the Okinawa Gunto, 18 May-21 June 1945 (8 scans); (3) report of anti-aircraft action off Okinawa Jima, 25 May 1945 (5 scans) - all unrestricted, served through Fold3. These are the ship's own reports covering the Okinawa campaign window documented by NavSource (26 March-30 June 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-04-01 to 1945-06-21 (report coverage)
- Population
- Crew during Okinawa operations (April-June 1945)
- Limitations
- Archival leads: catalog entries establish that these reports exist, their coverage windows, and that scans are online via Fold3; contents were not individually examined (partner-site service). Operational reports document the ship's combat activities - they are not material surveys and no asbestos content exists in the catalog metadata. Whether the reports' scanned contents mention material casualties, refits, or supply items is unexamined.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-05
-
[7]NARA Catalog: RG 38 General Correspondence file unit 'LCI(L)821 THRU LCI(L)1077' (NAID 6847272, paper, container 665, College Park); group/flotilla war diaries - COM LCI(L) FLOT 16 war diary 4/1-30/45 (NAID 140008192), COM LCI(R) FLOT 16 ops report 3/26-6/21/45 (NAID 101759418), COM LCI(R) FLOT 16 war diary 6/1-30/45 (NAID 101749875), COM LCI(R) GR 48 war diary 6/1-30/45 (NAID 77468676), COM LCI(R) GR 47 ops report 5/1-6/22/45 (NAID 101713706) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov NAIDs 6847272 (RG 38 Gen. Correspondence), 140008192, 101759418, 101749875, 77468676, 101713706
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Two further archival leads: (1) an RG 38 Chief of Naval Operations General Correspondence file unit 'LCI(L)821 THRU LCI(L)1077' (unrestricted, paper, container 665, College Park - a hull-range correspondence file ending at this hull); (2) operational-level war diaries and operations reports for the rocket-craft organization NavSource assigns to this hull - COM LCI(R) Flotilla 16 and COM LCI(R) Group 48 both have June 1945 war diaries on file, confirming those commands existed during her Okinawa/occupation window and corroborating a mid-1945 reorganization into the LCI(R) flotilla (the April diary is still styled COM LCI(L) FLOT 16).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Unit-level records for the LCI(R) flotilla/group structure (1945)
- Limitations
- Archival leads only: catalog entries establish existence and coverage; contents not examined. The correspondence file is a hull-range grouping - it does not establish that correspondence specific to 1077 is inside, and the group/flotilla diaries are organizational records that do not name this hull in their titles. No asbestos content in catalog metadata.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-06
-
[8]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS LCI(L)-1077 (LCI 351 class) - build/milestone corroboration [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/22142.html data table (verified live, HTTP 200, 2026-09-29)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Independent secondary corroboration of milestones: LCI 351 class; built by Defoe Shipbuilding Co. (Bay City, Michigan); laid down 27 June 1944; launched 11 July 1944; commissioned 15 July 1944; 'Reclassified as LCI(R), Landing Craft Rocket 15 March 1945'; 'Sold on 4 December 1946'. Dates agree with NavSource in full.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- uboat.net is an editor-maintained secondary database (Gudmundur Helgason), not a primary registry - used here strictly as corroboration of the NavSource milestone set. No command, campaign, or disposal detail beyond the reclassification and sale entries. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-07
-
[9]Historic American Engineering Record (NPS), HAER No. OR-180, LCI(L)-713 (2012, historian Justine Christianson) - federal documentation of the LCI-351 class design via the sole surviving exemplar; underlying NRHP nomination (David McKay, Feb 2006; listed 2007-04-12) [haer]
- Locator
- HAER OR-180 written historical/descriptive data (4 pp.): Principal Measurements, Description, Historical Information; LOC P&P HABS/HAER collection OR-180 (PDF verified live, HTTP 200)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal class-design documentation: LCI(L)-713 is the last surviving LCI-351 class vessel in original configuration - the same class as LCI(L)-1077. HAER documents the type as welded 1/4-inch steel plate construction, two decks with lower-deck troop compartments and engine room housing four pairs of General Motors 6-71 diesel engines on two shafts with variable-pitch propellers, main-deck deckhouse with mess/wardroom/galley, and ~1,051 craft of the type built in ten shipyards during WWII. NOTABLY SILENT ON MATERIALS: neither HAER OR-180 nor the underlying NRHP nomination mentions asbestos, insulation type, or abatement anywhere in the record - including its 'Integrity Analysis, Current Condition, and Restoration Efforts' section, which describes the hull as a stripped 'rust bucket' before restoration.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944 design era; documentation 2006-2012
- Population
- LCI-351 class crews and construction trades across ten wartime yards (class context)
- Limitations
- Class-level documentation of a sister hull, not this ship: establishes the physical design and propulsion of the LCI-351 class (diesel, welded steel, small combatant craft) but is silent on insulation materials and asbestos. The absence of any asbestos mention in the 713 restoration/NRHP/HAER record is not evidence of absence aboard - it is a documentation gap at class level. LCI(L)-1077 was built at a different yard (Defoe, Bay City) than 713 (Lawley, Neponset), and was later rocket-converted - a configuration 713 does not share.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-08
-
[10]Era inference built on: NavSource LCI-351 class spec block (GM 6051-series 71 diesels, no steam plant); HAER OR-180 class documentation (GM 6-71 diesels, welded steel); GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy-wide asbestos insulation era, see ev-10) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource spec block; HAER OR-180; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LCI-351 class landing craft built June-July 1944 sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a small welded-steel amphibious craft of this period were engine and exhaust lagging around the diesel plant, gaskets and valve packing in machinery spaces, electrical insulation, and accommodation-area insulation/deck covering. As a diesel craft she carried no boilers or steam turbines - the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply, and her open-deck amphibious design means a smaller enclosed-plant footprint than a steam combatant, though the confined engine room dynamic still applies to machinery-space applications. The LCI(R) conversion added a 40mm gun mount and six 5-inch rocket launchers - weapons fittings, not new insulation systems.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Defoe construction trades (June-July 1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-1946)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or abatement record located for LCI(L)-1077/LCI(R)-1077; the class's sole surviving exemplar's federal records are silent on insulation materials. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity, no manufacturer attribution. The scope of the LCI(R) conversion work (where performed, what disturbed) is undocumented for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-09
-
[11]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (June-July 1944) and U.S. service era (1944-1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979 (report); program coverage spans this hull's era
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and crews, asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch, confirmed 2026-09-29 - standing block also documented in Batches 01, 98, and 4946) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-10
-
[12]Batch-4956 search ledger (this record): NavSource; NHHC Pacific Fleet org table; NHHC photo NH-104198; NARA Special List #44 + catalog file units; uboat.net corroboration; NVR; MARAD vessel-history DB (blocked - PIV login now required); DANFS/NHHC site search; HAER/NRHP for LCI(L)-713; CourtListener (partial - see note); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, insulation material list, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS LCI(L)-1077 / LCI(R)-1077 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener exact-phrase opinion searches '"LCI(L)-1077"', '"USS LCI(L)-1077"', '"LCI-1077"', '"LCI(R)-1077"', and '"LCIL-1077"' each returned zero hits, and an unquoted 'LCI(L)-1077' search returned 689 hits - all name collisions (LCI International/Communications telecom and other 'LCI' corporate parties), none naming the landing craft (authenticated API, 2026-09-29). The type=r docket search was interrupted by the fleet's shared CourtListener pacing budget - logged as partial, not a complete negative. No 'asbestos aboard' material of any kind surfaced for this hull beyond generic law-firm class-page assertions (excluded by source policy).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the CourtListener coverage is genuinely partial (five phrase searches and a loose-token collision check complete; the docket-type query pending fleet pacing). Deck logs (SL-44 interval), the hull's own Okinawa operations reports (digitized via Fold3), RG 38 correspondence file, and group/flotilla war diaries are archival leads, none examined line-by-line. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1077-lcil1077-11