Evidence
16 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-16).
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[1]research packet 826-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-pkt-826-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS LSIL-1091 ex USS LCI(L)-1091 page (history sourced from USS LCI 'Landing Craft Infantry', Vol. II, Turner Publishing, 1995) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive page 10/15/151091 - history block, campaign table, specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- LCI(L)-351-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large). Laid down 31 August 1944 at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; launched 14 September 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1091, 21 September 1944 (LTjg. Henry S. Allen Jr., USNR, in command as of May 1945). Assigned Asiatic-Pacific Theater: LCI Flotilla Nineteen, LCI Group Fifty-Six, LCI Division One Hundred Eleven. World War II operations: Okinawa Gunto operation, 28 April - 30 June 1945; Minesweeping Operations-Pacific, Kochi-Shikoku, 8-16 September 1945 and Nagoya, 28 September - 25 October 1945; occupation service in the Far East, 2 September - 16 December 1945. Operation Crossroads: Joint Task Force 1, Task Unit 1.8.3 (Dispatch Boat and Boat Pool), Bikini Atoll tests, July 1946. Redesignated Landing Ship Infantry (Large) LSIL-1091, 28 February 1949; converted to an Epidemiological Control Ship, 1951; decommissioned at Astoria, Oregon, 1955; stricken, date unknown; earned two World War II battle stars and four Korean War battle stars. Sold in 1955 for commercial use as a salmon cannery ship on the Yukon River under the name Bering Sea III; purchased by Dr. Ralph Davis in 1988, renamed Ten-Nine-one at Eureka, California, and fished albacore from 1995 to 2003; donated to the Humboldt Bay Naval Sea/Air Museum in December 2005; 'Current Disposition, owned in 2016 by Lumber Heritage Museum, Samoa, CA.' Specifications: 236 tons light, 264 tons landing, 419 tons loaded; length 158 ft 5.5 in; beam 23 ft 3 in; 16 knots maximum; complement 4 officers, 24 enlisted; troop capacity 6 officers, 182 enlisted; five single 20 mm guns; two sets of four General Motors 6051-series 71 diesel engines, four per shaft; two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's service generators; twin variable-pitch propellers; 2,320 shp as built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1955
- Population
- Ship's company (4 officers, 24 enlisted) plus flotilla/group staff; embarked troops up to 6 officers, 182 enlisted capacity
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary archive (NavSource citing Turner Publishing's USS LCI, Vol. II) - not a government primary record; construction/commissioning dates nonetheless match the independent Defoe yard build list and the NARA Special List 44 deck-log coverage start, and the Crossroads and Korean War elements are corroborated by official sources cited in separate rows. The page's Korean War campaign table prints the 'Communist China Spring Offensive' label twice where the official award list shows four distinct campaign windows - flagged in gaps. Stricken date recorded as unknown. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-01
-
[3]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Colton yard list), Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City MI - yard hull list [other_primary]
- Locator
- Defoe yard table, row '344 | LCI(L)-1091'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Defoe yard hull 344 is listed as LCI(L)-1091, a US Navy landing craft of 236 tons displacement, 158 ft, dated 1 September 1944, with disposition noted 'later LSIL-1091, sold c1961 as Bering Sea, Ten Ninety One, at the Humboldt Bay Naval Sea/Air Museum.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944; c.1961 (reported sale)
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction workforce (1944)
- Limitations
- Secondary yard-record compilation, not an official source. The '1 Sep 1944' column date falls between NavSource's 31 August laid-down and 14 September launch dates and is read as an approximate yard record marker, not a delivery date. The 'sold c1961' commercial-sale entry conflicts with NavSource's 'sold in 1955'; the name variant 'Bering Sea' vs NavSource's 'Bering Sea III' also differs - both discrepancies are carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-02
-
[4]NARA Special List 44, List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947 (Bradley, Kurtz, et al., comps.) - scanned image of printed page 360 via the ACPL Genealogy Center digitization [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 printed page 360, row 'LCI(L)-1091 | Sept. 21, 1944-Dec. 31, 1945 | 2'; hull absent from the digitized deck-log list at archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List 44 (printed page 360) inventories Navy deck logs for LCI(L)-1091 spanning 21 September 1944 - 31 December 1945, in 2 logbooks - i.e., from her commissioning date through the end of the logged wartime/occupation interval. The hull does not appear on NARA's published list of deck logs digitized and posted to the National Archives Catalog (verified against the complete archives.gov list); the logs are held in Record Group 24 and are obtainable via NARA textual-reference reproduction.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-09-21 to 1945-12-31
- Population
- Ship's company during the logged interval
- Limitations
- Index-level metadata only - the logbooks themselves were not reviewed. Per batch guidance the coverage endpoints establish service in the interval and are NOT claimed as commissioning/decommissioning dates (the 1944-09-21 start independently matches NavSource's commissioning date). Deck logs of this era record operations/weather/remarks, not materials - they are a lead for ship-specific detail, not an asbestos record. The cited image is the ACPL Genealogy Center's scan of the NARA publication (viewed at image 386; browsable via viewpage_narasl44.php?realpage=1718&display=386).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-03
-
[5]Naval History and Heritage Command, 'Composition of Joint Task Force One' (Operation Crossroads) - archived copy (live history.navy.mil page returns 404); NHHC's stated source is U.S. Defense Nuclear Agency, Operation Crossroads, 1946 (Washington: DNA, 1984) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Task Group 1.8 (Service Group), Task Unit 1.8.3 (Dispatch Boat and Boat Pool) - LCI(L)-1091 line item
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Joint Task Force One organization list places LCI(L)-1091 in Task Group 1.8 (Service Group), Task Unit 1.8.3 (Dispatch Boat and Boat Pool), alongside USS Gunston Hall (LSD-5), LCI(L)-977, LCI(L)-1062, LCI(L)-1067, LCT-1361, LCT-1461, and eight PGM gunboats, for the July 1946 Operation Crossroads atomic tests at Bikini Atoll.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1946
- Population
- Ship's company and boat-pool personnel during Crossroads support duties, Bikini Atoll, July 1946
- Limitations
- Archived copy of an official NHHC page - cited as archived because the live URL returns HTTP 404 (standing NHHC link-rot defect). TU 1.8.3 was a service/support unit (dispatch boat and boat pool), not a target-vessel assignment: the roster establishes presence and role at Bikini for the tests but says nothing about radiological exposure or contamination of this specific hull. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-04
-
[6]U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Medicine Fast Facts, Special Edition 23 (2025), 'The Advent of Force Health Protection' - DVIDS publication issue 73709 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Navy Medicine Fast Facts Special Edition 23 (2025), 'Epidemic Disease Control' section, p. 1-2 of the PDF (d34w7g4gy10iej.cloudfront.net/pubs/pdf_73709.pdf)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Navy medicine history publication: 'In 1950, the Navy established Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Units (FEDCUs) aboard the landing craft USS LSI(L)-1091 (No. 1) and the auxiliary ship USS Whidbey Island (AG-141) (No. 2).' It further states: 'In the Korean War, both Whidbey Island and LSI(L)-1091 provided essential epidemiological services and oversaw the study and treatment of malaria, enteric and venereal diseases.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1950-1954
- Population
- FEDCU-1 medical personnel and ship's company, 1950-Korean War
- Limitations
- Official BUMED history product distributed via DVIDS. The publication styles the hull 'LSI(L)-1091'; the documented 1949 redesignation was LSIL (Landing Ship Infantry, Large), and no other LSI(L)-1091 exists - the styling is a nomenclature slip in the source identifying the same hull. Documents the medical-mission role only; contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-05
-
[7]Korean Journal of Medical History 32(3), 2023 (peer-reviewed), article DOI 10.13081/kjmh.2023.32.931 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- medhist.or.kr article 2458 (pubreader view), sections describing FEDCU-1 / the 'U.S. Laboratory Ship'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed medical-history article documenting the U.S. laboratory ship role: the U.S. Navy Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Unit #1 'was a medical research and control unit located aboard the USS LSIL 1091, a converted landing craft, and had a modern and adequate public health laboratory on board.' The unit was established in Japan in October 1950, arrived in Korea in early February 1951, initially investigated a suspected plague outbreak at Wonsan, and later supported disease-control work at Koje-do, including malaria and DDT-resistance studies, blood-film examination, and Japanese encephalitis-related testing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1950-1954
- Population
- FEDCU-1 medical personnel, ship's company, and UN personnel/prisoners served at Koje-do
- Limitations
- Peer-reviewed secondary scholarship (Korean Journal of Medical History), not a government primary record; documents the ship's medical-mission role and laboratory fit-out at the mission level, not construction materials. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-06
-
[8]U.S. Army Center of Military History / AMEDD Center of History and Heritage, 'Malaria in Korea' (official Army medical-history chapter) [other_primary]
- Locator
- achh.army.mil 'Malaria in Korea' chapter - FEDCU-1 Koje-do passages and cited unit activity reports
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Army medical history records Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Unit No. 1 conducting malaria studies on Koje-do and cites the unit's 'Activities Report ... for the month of August, 1951' and 'Activities Report September and October 1951' - reports addressed to USS LSIL 1091 as the Fleet Epidemic Disease Control Unit No. 1 platform.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1951
- Population
- FEDCU-1 medical personnel and ship's company; Koje-do population studied
- Limitations
- Official U.S. Army historical chapter; documents the ship-hosted unit's disease-control mission, not the vessel's construction materials. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-07
-
[9]Naval History and Heritage Command, Korean War era medal/campaign credit list, ships beginning with 'L' - archived copy (the live history.navy.mil medal pages were retired in the NHHC site redesign) [other_primary]
- Locator
- history.navy.mil Korean medal list, 'L' page - LSIL 1091 entry (archived 2014-12-06 snapshot)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official NHHC Korean-service ship list records LSIL 1091 in Korean service for the period 12 October 1950 - 27 July 1954, with engagement-star credit windows: 13 March - 21 April 1951; 22 April - 20 June 1951; 19 July - 1 October 1951; and 9 February - 20 March 1952. The four windows correspond to the K4-K7 campaign entries behind the ship's documented four Korean War battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1950-10-12 to 1954-07-27
- Population
- Ship's company and FEDCU-1 personnel during Korean service
- Limitations
- Archived copy of an official NHHC awards list - cited as archived because the live page no longer exists. Award-list windows only; the list does not name the campaigns and does not describe operations. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-08
-
[10]USS Landing Craft Infantry National Association, 'Last Landing of the USS LSI-1091' (association site) [museum_official]
- Locator
- usslci.org 'Last Landing of the USS LSI-1091' article and LCI Facts page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The USS LCI National Association records the vessel's 12 December 2016 haul-out and placement ashore at Samoa, California, and identifies LCI(L)-1091 as the association's flagship - one of two WWII LCIs it reports remaining on display (with LCI-713 in Portland, Oregon).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2016
- Population
- Museum volunteers and visitors (2016-present)
- Limitations
- Veterans'/museum association publication - authoritative on its own museum activity but a secondary source on service history; the page title styles the hull 'LSI-1091'. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-09
-
[11]Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recreation and Conservation District, Agenda for October 13, 2022 Regular Board Meeting (official district agenda packet) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Agenda packet pp. 4, 10, 79-81 - agenda item (d), 'Notification for the Removal and Relocation of Military Vessel 1091', staff report, and draft notification letter
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- The district's staff report records 'Military Vessel 1091' - described in the attached letter as 'the 158 foot unseaworthy vessel' USS LCI-1091 - located at Redwood Marine Terminal I (APN 401-031-040) since December 2016 under Coastal Development Permit Waiver 1-17-0266-W, which allowed temporary storage only through December 2018. The district formally notified the LSIL 1091 Museum Association that the vessel must be removed by December 31, 2023, with a structured option to relocate to district parcel APN 401-031-078 (Cook House Road) subject to site-plan, insurance, and Coastal Development Permit benchmarks; missed benchmarks require demolition and/or removal to a non-district site within 120 days.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2016-2023 (permit window and deadlines)
- Population
- LSIL 1091 Museum Association volunteers; district/county site workers
- Limitations
- Local-government agenda packet - primary for the vessel's custody and permitting status, secondary for any historical description. The packet's only hazardous-materials references concern unrelated agenda items; it contains no asbestos, survey, or abatement information for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-10
-
[12]North Coast Journal, 'Ship Ashore' by Thadeus Greenson, published 22 December 2016 [reputable_press]
- Locator
- northcoastjournal.com 'Ship Ashore' (2016-12-22), haul-out and pump-out passages
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous press account of the December 2016 haul-out: the vessel had been taking on water while moored at the Englund Marine fueling dock in Eureka; over the weekend of 10 December a joint harbor-district/city crew pumped more than 10,000 gallons of contaminated oily water, plus other fuels and chemicals, out of the ship (which then rose about six feet in the water), after which Figas Construction pulled it ashore onto telephone poles near the Samoa Cookhouse under a California Coastal Commission emergency permit with a 90-day assessment window. The museum nonprofit was more than $15,000 behind on mooring fees and agreed to a hold-harmless clause.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2016-12
- Population
- Harbor district and city crew, Figas Construction crew, museum volunteers (December 2016)
- Limitations
- Reputable local journalism; documents removal of contaminated oily bilge water, fuels, and chemicals - NOT asbestos or asbestos-containing materials; no hull survey or ACM finding appears in the account. Confirms the environmental/hazard framing of the 2016 action without establishing any asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-11
-
[13]Lost Coast Outpost, 'New Documentary Guardians of a Forgotten Warship Spotlights Humboldt Veterans Working to Restore a WWII-Era Ship' (11 November 2024) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- lostcoastoutpost.com 2024-11-11 article, vessel-status passages
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- As of November 2024 the vessel - known as Ten-Ninety-One - is beached on the Samoa Peninsula behind the Samoa Cookhouse, where a crew of about six veterans performs twice-weekly rust control, deck repairs, and welding to keep the hull intact; if the crew cannot find a new location the ship will be scrapped to clear Redwood Marine Terminal I for the planned Humboldt Bay Offshore Wind Heavy Lift Marine Terminal. Relocation was estimated at about $50,000 and a full restoration at about $1 million - both beyond the group's resources.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2024
- Population
- Volunteer restoration crew (about six veterans), 2024
- Limitations
- Local journalism summarizing a Cal Poly Humboldt student documentary; the most recent verified statement of the hull's status. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-12
-
[14]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program and the service's historical reliance on asbestos insulation in ship construction, including the WWII-era shipbuilding program under which this hull was built at Defoe in 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1979 (report); WWII-era construction context
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers and ship crews (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not hull-specific; supports era context only - does not establish what materials were installed aboard this craft. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch); content via product-page description. Standing defect since Batch 01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-13
-
[15]Era inference built on: NavSource specifications block (propulsion/fit, sourced to Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, NavShips 250-012, and the Turner history); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications block (propulsion, generators, armament); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- As built in 1944, this LCI(L)-351-class craft carried a diesel propulsion plant (two sets of four General Motors 6051-series 71 diesels, twin variable-pitch propellers) and two diesel-drive 30 kW 120 V DC ship's service generators - no boilers and no steam system. Consistent with documented WWII-era Navy construction practice, asbestos-relevant materials aboard a craft of this type would have been engine- and exhaust-system insulation/lagging, gaskets and valve packing in fuel and water systems, electrical insulation and wiring, and deck/bulkhead coverings in accommodation spaces. Her 1951 conversion to an epidemiological control ship added interior laboratory spaces; any era-standard insulation or finish materials installed in that refit would follow the same class/era inference, with no ship-specific record located.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1955 (Navy); post-1955 commercial and museum phases
- Population
- Defoe construction workforce (1944); ship's company; conversion-yard workers (1951); commercial crews; museum volunteers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, materials list, or BuShips drawing naming this craft was located. The diesel plant means no boiler or steam-line lagging pathway, so the asbestos-relevant material scope aboard this type is materially smaller than aboard steam vessels of the same era. The surviving hull's post-Navy conversions (cannery ship, fishing vessel, museum) add further unverifiable layers; the 2016 pump-out record documents oily water and fuels, not ACM. Does not establish presence, quantity, or present-day condition of any material.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-14
-
[16]Batch-4970 search ledger (this record): NavSource Amphibious Photo Archive; ShipbuildingHistory Defoe yard list; NARA Special List 44 scanned inventory and digitized deck-log list; NHHC Operation Crossroads roster (archived) and Korean-service medal list (archived); NHHC DANFS index; Naval Vessel Register; BUMED/DVIDS official publication; AMEDD official history; peer-reviewed medical-history literature; Humboldt Bay Harbor District records; USS LCI National Association; CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches on all hull-identifier variants; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-01 through sl-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazardous-materials disclosure naming ACM, or docketed case naming this hull was found in the public sources searched. The documented 2016-2017 hazmat-adjacent action for this hull was removal of contaminated oily bilge water and fuels - no ACM was reported. CourtListener opinion and docket searches on 'LCI(L)-1091', 'LSIL-1091', and 'LCI-1091' each returned zero results. No DANFS entry exists for this numbered landing craft, and the Naval Vessel Register carries no record for a craft stricken in the 1950s. No law-firm or marketing content was used.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - 1944 wartime construction is consistent with era-standard asbestos-containing materials, and the surviving hull's condition records do not include a materials survey. The RG 24 deck logs (1944-09-21 to 1945-12-31) are an unfollowed primary lead. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-lci-l-1091-lcil1091-15
