USS LCI(L)-1093

Evidence

27 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-27).

1. [1]research packet 826-packet.md (4 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Evidence ID

   uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-pkt-826-packet-md

2. [2]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, USS Skimmer (MHC-41) ex USS Skimmer (AMCU-41) ex USS LCI(L)-1093 page (verified live 2026-09-29; navsource.net is the live domain - navsource.org is dead) [other_primary]

   Locator

   LCI(L)-1093/Skimmer (AMCU-41)/(MHC-41) page, history block, campaign table, awards blocks, specifications block, three-photo caption block, commanding-officers table

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   LCI-351-class Landing Craft Infantry (Large): laid down 11 September 1944 at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; launched 23 September 1944; commissioned USS LCI(L)-1093 on 28 September 1944 (photo captioned 'at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI. on commissioning day, 28 September 1944'; LT. O. M. Brown, USNR, in command as of May 1945). WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater, LCI Flotilla Thirteen (flotilla flagship commanded by CDR. M. B. Brown), LCI Group Fifty-Seven (LCDR. A. J. Ormstom), LCI Division One Hundred-Fourteen; Okinawa Gunto operation 30 May-30 June 1945; one battle star; American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star), WWII Victory Medal. Decommissioned July 1946 at Boston, laid up Hingham; Naval Reserve training ship from 20 April 1947; out of service January 1950 at Charleston Naval Shipyard; Atlantic Reserve Fleet Green Cove Springs. Named Skimmer and reclassified AMCU-41 on 7 March 1952; converted to Coastal Minesweeper (Underwater Locator) at Charleston Naval Shipyard 15 August 1953-15 February 1954; commissioned Skimmer (AMCU-41) 23 January 1954; reclassified Coastal Minehunter MHC-41 7 February 1955; decommissioned 1 July 1955 at Charleston; struck from the Naval Register 1 January 1960; final disposition 'fate unknown'; National Defense Service Medal for the AMCU-41 period. Call sign NZUF. Specification block: 236 t light / 264 t landing / 419 t loaded, 158 ft 5.5 in, 23 ft 3 in beam, 16 kts max, 4 officers + 24 enlisted ship's complement, 6 officers + 182 enlisted troop capacity, 75 t cargo, 2-in plastic splinter protection, 4,000 miles at 12 kts, five 20 mm guns, two sets of four GM 6051-series-71 diesels at 2,320 shp.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Compiled archival photo index drawing on official records and the Turner Publishing LCI history, not itself a primary document; designation, yard, dates, campaign, and disposition concur with DANFS (archived), uboat.net, and the NARA war diaries read at image level. The 'Flotilla Thirteen' attribution conflicts with the Group 57 diaries' own Flotilla Nineteen routing - carried in gaps.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-01

3. [3]National Archives, Special List #44 - List of Logbooks of US Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, ship-number section [other_primary]

   Locator

   sl-44-ship-number.pdf, 'LCI(L)-1093 9/28/1944 6/30/1945' row (PDF page 21); verified in the extracted text layer

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   NARA's Special List 44 records Navy deck-log holdings for 'LCI(L)-1093' covering 9/28/1944 - 6/30/1945 - a span beginning on her commissioning date.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Holdings-level metadata only: establishes that deck logs for this hull exist in the stated coverage interval; the log contents were not examined (not digitized) and coverage endpoints are not asserted as commissioning/decommissioning dates. The 9/28/1944 start happens to match the commissioning date verified elsewhere.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-02

4. [4]NARA Catalog, 'LCI(L) 1093 - Muster Rolls', NAID 120320679, Record Group 24 (Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities), 97 images, Ancestry/Fold3 digitization partnership [other_primary]

   Locator

   NAID 120320679 images 32860_246088-00002 (roll cover, quarter ending 9/30/44, 'Comm. 9-28-44 to 7-1-46' annotation, approved O. M. Brown Lt.(jg), forwarded 1 Oct 1944 c/o FPO New York), -00050 (sailing report dated 6 Mar 1945, officer roster), -00036 (Q1-1945 cover, Brown now LT., forwarded 1 Apr 1945 c/o FPO San Francisco), -00075 (name page, quarter ending 2 Jul 1945), -00097 (roll dated 2 Jan 1946, approved H. W. Moore Ens. as CO)

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   Ship-specific personnel records, digitized. The muster-roll file unit for 'LCI(L) 1093' (97 images) opens with the roll for the quarter ending 30 September 1944, covering the hull from commissioning: approved by O. M. BROWN, Lt. (jg), U.S.N.R., Commanding Officer (H. W. Moore, Ens., USNR, executive officer), forwarded 1 October 1944 from 'USS LCI(L) 1093, c/o Fleet Post Office, New York, N.Y.'; a penciled annotation reads 'Comm. 9-28-44 to 7-1-46'. A muster-roll sailing report dated 6 March 1945 lists four officers - BROWN O.M. Lt., MARSHALL J.A. Ens., MOORE H.W. Ens., REHM G.F. Ens. - followed by the enlisted roster including S1/c Jack T. Owens (the credited donor of the NavSource commissioning photographs). The quarter-ending-31-March-1945 cover is approved by O. M. Brown, now LT., forwarded from 'c/o Fleet Post Office, San Francisco, Calif.'; a quarter-ending-2-July-1945 name page shows the wartime enlisted complement (~25 names on page 1). The final sampled roll, dated 2 January 1946 and forwarded from 'c/o Fleet Post Office, San Francisco, Calif.', is approved by H. W. Moore, Ens., USNR, now Commanding Officer - documenting the wartime-to-occupation CO change aboard this hull.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Personnel records only - names, rates, transfers, counts, approval signatures, and forwarding locations at dated entries; no materials, insulation, or hazmat content. Roll sampling was targeted (covers, sailing report, first and last rolls), not exhaustive across all 97 images. The 'Comm. 9-28-44 to 7-1-46' note is a penciled catalog-era annotation - consistent with the July 1946 decommissioning but unverified as a date source itself.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-03

5. [5]NHHC, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Skimmer II (LCI(L)-1093)' entry - live history.navy.mil URL returns 404; read from the 26 May 2024 Wayback capture and cited as archived [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   archived DANFS 'Skimmer II' page, stat line and full narrative paragraphs

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   DANFS entry (Skimmer II): 'The second Skimmer was laid down as LCI(L)-1093, a large, infantry landing craft, on 11 September 1944 by the Defoe Shipbuilding Co. of Bay City, Mich.; launched on 23 September 1944; and commissioned on 28 September 1944.' Narrative: down Lake Michigan and the Chicago Drainage Canal to the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, New Orleans 11 October 1944, drydock, Galveston shakedown and amphibious training; departed Galveston 25 November 1944, Panama Canal 1 December, San Diego 18 December; further exercises and training; then Pearl Harbor, Eniwetok, Guam (arrived 8 April, stayed until the 24th), about a month of miscellaneous duties at Saipan, then Okinawa - '30 May to 30 June, providing smoke screens, carrying troops and supplies, and helping other landing craft retract from the beaches'; operated in the Okinawa vicinity until 12 September 1945; sent to Japan - ferrying Allied prisoners of war to Guam and supporting occupation forces in the Tokyo area; departed Japan 14 April 1946 via Guam and Pearl Harbor, San Diego 10 June, retransited the Panama Canal by mid-July, Boston; decommissioned at Boston and towed to the Hingham berthing area; returned to Boston 20 April 1947 as a 1st Naval District Naval Reserve training ship for almost three years; taken to Charleston January 1950 for inactivation, berthed Green Cove Springs; returned to Charleston August 1953 for conversion to coastal minesweeper AMCU-41; commissioned as Skimmer (AMCU-41) 23 January 1954, Lt. W. M. Gattis commanding; assigned 1st Naval District late February 1954, departed Charleston 6 March via Chesapeake Bay, C&D Canal, East River, Long Island Sound, and Cape Cod Canal, arrived Boston 14 March; LANTSUBMINEX-54, LANTFLTEX-55, Rhode Island State American Legion Convention 18-20 June 1954; Phase Able inactivation at Boston from 1 March 1955 with redesignation to MHC-41; Phase Baker inactivation at Charleston by 20 April 1955; decommissioned 1 July 1955 at Charleston, Atlantic Reserve Fleet, moved to Green Cove Springs 1958; struck from the Navy list 1 January 1960; one battle star for WWII service.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Official Navy ship history, but two statements conflict with the primary war diaries and are reported as published with the conflict carried in gaps: the San Diego departure ('mid-February 1945' vs the Group 56 diary's 6 March) and Pearl Harbor entry ('11 March' vs the diary's 16 March); and 'Tokyo area' vs the Group 57 diary's ship-specific 'Port Director, Wakayama' station. The stat line's class label 'LCI(L)-641' conflicts with NavSource/uboat LCI-351 labeling - also in gaps. Stat line: dp 387 (f.), 159 ft, 23 ft 8 in, dr 5 ft 8 in, 14.4 kts, cpl. 40, five 20 mm.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-04

6. [6]NARA Catalog, 'COM 9 - War Diary, 8/1/44 to 9/30/44' (War Diary of the Ninth Naval District, two volumes, forwarded by Commandant Ninth Naval District, Great Lakes, Illinois, 6 November 1944), NAID 78660481, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

   Locator

   NAID 78660481, roll A1240 images 0161 (28 September commissioning entry) and 0162 (District Ordnance Office outfitting paragraph)

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   The Ninth Naval District war diary documents the hull's acceptance and outfitting: under 28 September 1944, 'LCI(L) 1093 was accepted and placed in commission at Bay City, Michigan'; the District Ordnance Office's September section records that it 'Supplied ... LCI(L)'s 1091 - 1098 with small arms, small arms ammunition, line throwing equipment, infantry equipment, helmets, stop watches, AA range indicators, miscellaneous tools and accessories, miscellaneous supplies, title C, and lubricants title C.'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Primary district-level record - confirms the commissioning place and date and documents ordnance/equipment outfitting of the 1091-1098 block as a group (no hull-by-hull breakout); contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-05

7. [7]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 56 - War Diary, 3/1/1945 to 4/30/1945' (LCI(L) Flotilla Nineteen, Group 56), NAID 140001394, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

   Locator

   NAID 140001394, roll A1604 images 045-053: March diary sections (046 enroute lists incl. '1093'; 047 - 16 March Pearl entry, 20 March departure, Eikel aboard; 050-052 April diary - Eniwetok 1-3 April, Apra Harbor 8 April, 24 April departure list, Nakagusuku Bay arrival)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SIX's war diary documents the hull's Pacific transit in the convoy's 'other ships enroute' lists: departure from San Diego at approximately 1200 on 6 March 1945; entered Pearl Harbor at approximately 1500 on 16 March; departed Pearl Harbor at approximately 1200 on 20 March 'enroute to Guam, Marianas Islands, via Eniwetok' with Commander R. Eikel (LCI(L) Group NINE) as SOPUS/OTC; arrived off Eniwetok at approximately 0900 on 1 April, anchored by 1200; departed Eniwetok at approximately 1200 on 3 April; arrived off Apra Harbor, Guam, at approximately 0900 on 8 April and anchored by 1500. The 24 April departure from Guam for Okinawa under ComForwardArea's SECRET 20735 lists the Group 56 hulls, temporary attachments, and company ships - LCI(L)-1093 is not among them, consistent with her separate Saipan leg; the diary records that convoy anchoring in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, in late April and the 29 April TU 52.25.1/.2 split.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Primary operational record at group level - the hull appears by number in the 'other ships enroute' roster, not as a Group 56 unit; fixes the San Diego departure (6 March), Pearl Harbor (16-20 March), Eniwetok (1-3 April), and Guam (8 April) dates against DANFS's looser wording. No materials or asbestos content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-06

8. [8]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) FLOT 23 - War Diary, 3/1-31/45', NAID 139961117, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

   Locator

   NAID 139961117, roll A1512 image 1162 (TU 13.11.2 departure entry and composition list)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   The LCI(L) Flotilla Twenty-Three March 1945 war diary documents Task Unit 13.11.2's departure: 'Task Unit 13.11.2, R. EIKEL, Commander, USNR, Commander Task Unit aboard LC(FF) 1079 departed Pearl Harbor at [approximately 1200] 20 March 1945 bound for Guam, Marianas Islands via Eniwetok' - and the unit's ship composition list includes 'LCI(L) 1093' among the ~30 landing craft of the convoy.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Flotilla-level primary record naming the hull in the task unit's composition; corroborates the Group 56 diary's 20 March Pearl departure and identifies the embarked task-unit commander and flagship (LC(FF)-1079 - a Defoe sister already in this database). No materials content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-07

9. [9]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diary, 5/1-31/45', NAID 140064970, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

   Locator

   NAID 140064970, roll A1682 image 0543 (Group 57 composition/disposition table)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   The LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SEVEN May 1945 war diary places the hull at Okinawa: its echelon/composition section lists 'LCI(L)s 598, 1093' with the ship-specific line 'These ships operate in OKINAWA area under CTG 31.6 Service and Salvage force.' (Other group units are itemized at Saipan-Tinian, Guam, and Iwo Jima; echelon: Commander Forward Area.)

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-29

   Limitations

   Group-level primary record naming the hull with its task-group assignment at Okinawa for the month covering the start of her Okinawa Gunto campaign window (30 May); confirms operational control under Service and Salvage Force, not the assault echelon. No materials content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-08

10. [10]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diary, 6/1/45 to 7/31/45', NAID 83533759, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 83533759, roll A1818 image 0652 (Group 57 composition/disposition table)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SEVEN June-July 1945 war diary carries the hull in the same assignment and fixes her post-campaign station: the composition line lists 'LCI(L)s 564, 598, 676, 738, 1093' as 'These five LCI(L)s operate in OKINAWA area under CTG 31.6, Service and Salvage Force', and records '29 June, LCI(L)s 564, 598, 676 and 738 arrived LEYTE, P.I. Nature of new assignment unknown' - LCI(L)-1093 is the one of the five that remained at Okinawa (echelon now Commander Marianas Area).

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Group-level primary record; fixes the hull at Okinawa through June-July 1945 under Service and Salvage Force while the other four group LCI(L)s redeployed to Leyte on 29 June. No materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-09

11. [11]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCS(L)(3) GR 15 - War Diary, 7/1-31/45', NAID 83533807, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 83533807, roll A1818 images 0708-0711 (letterhead and narrative; 'On 18 July USS LCI(L) 1093 reported for temporary duty with this Command' on image 0711)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCS(L)(3) Group FIFTEEN July 1945 war diary (styled 'War Diary of Task Unit 13.11.37', COMGrp15/A12-1 Serial 073, submitted 1 August 1945) records: 'On 18 July USS LCI(L) 1093 reported for temporary duty with this Command.' The same diary documents the unit's Hagushi Harbor/Ie Shima operations, Typhoon Plan WILLIAM sorties ordering ships to Unten Ko on 18 and 31 July, and the 27 July torpedoing of USS Platt Victory and the moored LCT 1050 in the area the unit was screening.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Primary operational record at group level - establishes temporary-duty attachment to the LCS(L)(3) screening/smoke force at Ie Shima-Hagushi from 18 July 1945 and the operational environment (typhoon sorties, a torpedo attack on ships in the screened anchorage). Does not record casualties aboard 1093 and contains no materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-10

12. [12]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCS(L)(3) GR 15 - War Diary, 8/1-31/45', NAID 77511252, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 77511252, roll A1894 images 0058 (1 August typhoon sortie listing 1093) and 0059 (~10 August Hagushi move, Lt. Brom aboard 1093; duties line)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCS(L)(3) Group FIFTEEN August 1945 war diary (COMGrp15/A12-1 Serial 093, submitted 1 September 1945) carries the hull by name twice: on 1 August, 'Lt. Comdr. H. Heine, Jr. USNR, OTC aboard LCI(L) 882 and the following ships in company USS LCS(L)(3) 2, 3, 4, 76, 77, 78, LCI(L)s 881, 883, 1093, 1096, 1097 underway at 0000 Item from Ie Shima, Okinawa Gunta to Unten Ko in accordance with SOPA typhoon plan'; and about 10 August, 'Lt. Brom aboard LCI(L) 1093 in company with LCI(L)s' for the move from Ie Shima to the Hagushi anchorage - 'Duties were anti-aircraft screening, smoke' plus special escort assignments under SOPA Hagushi Bay.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Primary operational record - fixes the hull's August 1945 employment at Hagushi Bay on AA-screening, smoke, and escort duties and places a named officer (Lt. Brom, element OTC) aboard. No materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-11

13. [13]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diary, 8/1-31/45', NAID 77520597, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 77520597, roll A1904 image 0959 (Group 57 composition/disposition table)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SEVEN August 1945 war diary carries the ship-specific disposition line: 'LCI(L) 1093 - This LCI(L) operates in OKINAWA area under 99.1.32, Surface Patrol and Escort Unit.' (echelon: Commander Marianas Area).

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Group-level primary record; the '99.1.32 Surface Patrol and Escort Unit' assignment is consistent with the LCS(L)(3) Group 15 temporary-duty attachment documented separately (ev-10/-11). No materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-12

14. [14]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diary, 9/1-30/45', NAID 77562558, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 77562558, roll A1948 image 1114 (Group 57 composition/disposition table)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SEVEN September 1945 war diary repeats the ship-specific disposition: 'LCI(L) 1093 - This LCI(L) operates in OKINAWA area under 99.1.32, Surface Patrol and Escort Unit.' - her station during the surrender month, consistent with DANFS's 'operated in that vicinity until 12 September.'

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Group-level primary record covering the surrender month; the diary's Okinawa listing for September and DANFS's 'until 12 September' wording are compatible (the record does not date the departure to Japan more precisely). No materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-13

15. [15]NARA Catalog, 'COM LCI(L) GR 57 - War Diary, 10/1/45 TO 11/8/45', NAID 140083587, series 'World War II War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories' (NAID 4697018), RG 38 [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 140083587, roll A2005 image 0329 (disposition list - 'Assigned duty with Port Director, Wakayama, Japan') and 0330 ('WAKAYAMA SHIP' narrative line; last-diary annotation)

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    The LCI(L) Group FIFTY-SEVEN war diary for 1 October-8 November 1945 - the unit's last, per its own cover line '(4) This is the last war diary to be submitted by this command' - pins the hull's occupation station: the disposition list reads 'LCI(L) 1093 - Assigned duty with Port Director, Wakayama, Japan,' and the narrative carries 'WAKAYAMA SHIP - (a) Provided LCI(L) for duty with Port Director.'

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Primary operational record - fixes the hull's October-November 1945 station at Wakayama, Japan, which is the primary-record fix for DANFS's looser 'Tokyo area' occupation description (carried in gaps). No materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-14

16. [16]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII entry, USS LCI(L)-1093 (verified live 2026-09-29) [other_primary]

    Locator

    uboat.net ship/22158 header block

    Finding type

    vessel_history

    Finding

    Confirms identical build data: 'USS LCI(L)-1093', LCI 351 class, built by Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City - laid down 11 Sep 1944, launched 23 Sep 1944, commissioned 28 Sep 1944.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Secondary compilation, not an official record; no events or command history beyond the build block - corroborative use only. No asbestos or materials content.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-15

17. [17]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton), Defoe Shipbuilding yard list, Bay City MI (verified live 2026-09-29) [other_primary]

    Locator

    Defoe yard table, hull 346 row

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Defoe yard table row: yard hull no. 346, 'LCI(L) 1093', US Navy landing craft, 236 tons displacement / 158 ft, nominal 'Delivered' 1-Sep-44, disposition 'Later Skimmer (AMCU/MHC 41), struck 1960' - corroborating the builder, yard number, the later AMCU/MHC-41 conversion, and the 1960 striking.

    Verification

    partial

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Secondary reference work, not a Navy register extract. The 'Delivered 1-Sep-44' figure precedes the NavSource/DANFS laid-down date (11 Sep 1944) and cannot be an actual delivery - the column appears to carry nominal month markers for the LCI rows (same pattern documented for yard hull 332/LCI(L)-1079); that field is excluded as fact while the hull number, conversion, and struck-1960 entries concur with the primary record.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-16

18. [18]NARA Catalog, 'AMCU-41 Skimmer' photograph items, NAIDs 6933628-6933639 (item verified: NAID 6933639), Record Group 19 (Bureau of Ships), series 'Photographs of U.S. and Foreign Naval Vessels' [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 6933639 digitized negative BS146685 (bow view, 'AMCU-41' pendant, yard date marking 1/8/54); sibling items NAIDs 6933628, 6933630, 6933631, 6933633, 6933634, 6933635, 6933636, 6933638 cataloged in the same folder

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Official Bureau of Ships photographic record of the converted hull: a cluster of RG 19 'Photographs of U.S. and Foreign Naval Vessels' items for 'AMCU-41 Skimmer' survives (Box 1556, Folder 175, local IDs 19-NN-AMCU-41Skimmer-145969 through -146685); one digitized image (NAID 6933639, BuShips negative BS146685) is a bow view of AMCU-41 whose negative edge marking carries a Navy-yard date of 1/8/54 - inside the documented conversion window and days before her 23 January 1954 recommissioning.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Official photographic record of the post-conversion configuration - not a survey or materials document; establishes the hull's physical configuration and presence at a Navy yard in early January 1954 only.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-17

19. [19]Division of Naval Intelligence, Navy Department, ONI-226, Allied Landing Craft and Ships (1944), HyperWar/ibiblio mirror (verified live 2026-09-29, HTTP 200) [other_primary]

    Locator

    ONI-226 U.S. and British landing craft table, 'LCI(L)-(351-) Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)' row

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    U.S. Navy recognition manual's LCI(L) design tables: the LCI(L)-(351-) series entry lists 158 ft 5.5 in length, 23 ft 3 in beam, five 20 mm guns, and 2-in plastic splinter protection on gun positions, conning tower, and pilot house - class-level design data for the type this hull was built to.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    class_or_era

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Wartime identification manual at class level - does not name hull 1093 and contains no materials or insulation content; the 'plastic splinter protection' composition is not identified (asbestos content not established - not claimed).

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-18

20. [20]Consolidated era inference anchored on ONI-226 class data + NavSource per-hull specification block + era amphibious-vessel construction practice [other_primary]

    Locator

    Consolidated - ONI-226 design table; NavSource propulsion block; the documented Ninth ND outfitting (ev-05) and Charleston conversion events (ev-01, ev-04) as material-history anchors; era amphibious construction practice

    Finding type

    asbestos_application

    Finding

    Era/design inference for this diesel-powered landing craft: the LCI-351 design had no boilers or steam plant (eight GM 6051-series-71 diesels in two banks), which removes the boiler/steam-lagging pathway; the asbestos-relevant applications for a 1944-built diesel amphibious craft are the era-standard residual set - engine-exhaust lagging and gaskets, machinery packing, thermal/acoustic insulation board in accommodation spaces, deck coverings, and winch/windlass brake linings.

    Verification

    inferred

    Role

    supporting

    Documentation level

    class_or_era

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Class/era inference only - no hull material schedule, specification, or survey located for the original build or the 1953-54 AMCU-41 conversion. Establishes no quantities, no product brands, no condition, no exposure, no causation, and no present-day presence aboard this hull.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-19

21. [21]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987), PMID 3555021 [other_primary]

    Locator

    PubMed record PMID 3555021; AJIM 11(3):359-373 (metadata verified via NCBI E-utilities)

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as insulation and fireproofing in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II, the era and program under which this 1944-built landing craft was constructed.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    context

    Documentation level

    class_or_era

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or type and does not establish that asbestos was installed aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-20

22. [22]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product page (verified live 2026-09-29 via renderer; direct curl fetch returns 403 bot-block) [gao]

    Locator

    GAO product page Highlights section

    Finding type

    gov_survey

    Finding

    GAO reviewed the Navy's asbestos-protection program at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards: the 1975 standing policy removed and replaced asbestos insulation only when damaged or when removal was required for repair; the 1979 policy added selective replacement in high-maintenance areas.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    context

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Program-level documentation, not class- or hull-specific; fieldwork covered two named naval shipyards only - neither Boston nor Charleston. All described activity post-dates this craft's WWII service; relevant only as context for the shipyard-repair era her 1953-54 conversion and 1950/1955 inactivations fall within.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-21

23. [23]National Museum of the Great Lakes, 'Fighting Ships from Bay City' (Bert C. Brennan, Inland Seas, July 1945) + Defoe yard history site, F. A. Swanson (Defoe VP) address to SNAME, Bay City, 21 May 1964 [museum_official]

    Locator

    NMGL Brennan article text; defoenet.com/shipbuild/swanson-history

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Builder context for this hull's yard: Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI, built 'forty-seven landing craft infantry (large) (LCI-L)' (Brennan) / '47 LCI(L) landing craft, diesel equipped' (Swanson), using an upside-down welded-hull-and-rollover method, delivering completed craft down the river system to New Orleans.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    context

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Yard-level context, not hull-specific - neither source names LCI(L)-1093. Establishes builder and production environment only; contains no asbestos or materials information. Swanson is a company-insider retrospective.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-22

24. [24]Batch-4972 search ledger (this record): NavSource, NARA Special List 44 + catalog (muster rolls; Ninth Naval District, Flotilla 13/19/23, Groups 56/57, LCS(L)(3) Group 15 war diaries; RG 19 photo items), NHHC/DANFS (archived), uboat.net, Shipbuilding History, ONI-226, PubMed, GAO, NMGL/defoenet, NavalCoverMuseum, MARAD, NVR, CourtListener (via fleet helper), general web sweep [other_primary]

    Locator

    search_ledger rows sl-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-01 through -24

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no material survey, abatement contract, hull-specification material schedule, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or qualifying litigation names LCI(L)-1093 / Skimmer / AMCU-41 / MHC-41. CourtListener opinion and docket indexes returned zero results for the hull-number variants (name variants blocked by fleet pacing - open gap). The entire primary corpus read at image level (Ninth Naval District diary, LCI(L) Group 56 and Group 57 war diaries, Flotilla 23 diary, LCS(L)(3) Group 15 diaries, sampled muster-roll covers and name pages, BuShips photograph) contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazardous-material content.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    negative_finding

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the 1944-era diesel-craft application set stands as era inference, and the undocumented conversion/inactivation material scopes at Charleston Naval Shipyard leave the postwar material history unresolved. The name-variant CourtListener gap means litigation status under 'Skimmer/AMCU-41/MHC-41' is undetermined, not negative.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-23

25. [25]NARA NAID 140001394 (Group 56 diary, roll A1604 images 046-047) and NAID 120320679 (muster-roll sailing report, image 32860_246088-00050) vs archived DANFS 'Skimmer II' narrative [other_primary]

    Locator

    NAID 140001394 roll A1604 images 046 (enroute list, 6 March), 047 (16 March Pearl entry, 20 March departure); NAID 120320679 image -00050 (sailing report 6 Mar 1945)

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    CORRECTION (DANFS vs primary record): DANFS dates the San Diego departure 'in mid-February 1945' and Pearl Harbor entry 'on 11 March'; the LCI(L) Group 56 war diary documents departure from San Diego at approximately 1200 on 6 March 1945 and entry into Pearl Harbor at approximately 1500 on 16 March (departure for Guam 20 March), corroborated by the hull's own muster-roll sailing report dated 6 March 1945. The primary record governs; the DANFS wording is reported as published.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    correction

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    A date-precision correction only - both sources agree she transited San Diego-Pearl-Eniwetok-Guam in early 1945; the two-week discrepancy affects the transit dates, not the itinerary. A second looser DANFS description ('Tokyo area' vs the primary 'Port Director, Wakayama') is carried in gaps rather than here since it is descriptive, not numeric.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-24

26. [26]NavSource specification header vs archived DANFS 'Skimmer II' stat line ('cl LCI(L)-641') [other_primary]

    Locator

    NavSource page header 'LCI(L)-351 Class'; archived DANFS stat line 'cl LCI(L)-641'

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    CORRECTION (class label): NavSource and uboat.net classify this hull as LCI-351 class; DANFS's own stat line styles the class 'LCI(L)-641'. The design-block label is unresolved - both describe the same Landing Craft Infantry (Large) design family built by Defoe; the hull is carried as LCI-351 class per the two vessel-specific compilers with the conflict logged.

    Verification

    verified

    Role

    correction

    Documentation level

    ship_specific

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    A labeling conflict in secondary/derivative sources, not a materials or exposure claim; it does not change the documented type (Landing Craft Infantry, Large, Defoe-built, all-diesel).

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-25

27. [27]NARA logbook-holdings guidance ('Logbooks of the US Navy at the National Archives') + catalog series records (WWII War Diaries NAID 4697018; Muster Rolls series RG 24; Photographs of U.S. and Foreign Naval Vessels RG 19) [other_primary]

    Locator

    SL-44 ship-number PDF (deck-log row); catalog.archives.gov NAIDs listed in finding_value; NARA digitized-deck-logs list checked (this hull absent)

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (identified, contents unexamined or partially examined): (a) the hull's deck logs, coverage 9/28/1944-6/30/1945, RG 24 Entry 118 - not digitized; the resolving source for underway-level detail; (b) LCI(L) Flotilla 13 war diaries cataloged Sep 1944-Nov 1945 (NAIDs 139755408, 78691096, 78717848, 139804506, 139843170, 139901787, 139958750, 101741348, 101765000, 77486486, 77528018, 77583827, 77584892) - sampled months contained no 1093 reference and the 'Flotilla Thirteen' attribution is itself unresolved (gaps); (c) Group 57 diaries for Jan-Apr 1945 (NAIDs 139855236, 139890601, 139952097, 633431718) predate her arrival; Dec 1944 FLOT-13 diary not retrieved; (d) COMGULFSEAFRON diaries (441 and 370 images) cataloged but not read at image level; (e) RG 19 BuShips photo items for AMCU-41 (NAIDs 6933628-6933639) - one digitized negative verified, remainder not examined; (f) Skimmer-era muster rolls and any Charleston conversion work package not located in catalog searches.

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-29

    Limitations

    Record-group and file-unit mapping only; deck logs, Skimmer-era rolls, and conversion work packages were not located/digitized or not examined. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-lci-l-1093-lcil1093-26